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Evaluation of some social conditions in the Czech Republic
Červenka, Jan
In October survey CVVM also focused on public evaluation of current situation of some social conditions in the Czech republic:chance to get a flat, financial situation to start a family with children, social security for the elderly, life conditions for the handicapped, chance to get a job,accessibility of education and the health care.
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Drug policy - prices, settlements and participation
Davidová, Jana ; Solich, Jan (advisor) ; Foltán, Viliam (referee) ; Hartlová, Stanislava (referee)
ve Value in Health Participation on drug costs in the elderly in the Czech Republic Davidova, J.; Praznovcova, L.; Vlcek, J. In: Value in Health, Vol. 8 Issue 6 Page 615-A242, Supplement to ISPOR 8th Annual European Congress, Florence, Italy. November 2005 OBJECTIVES: Analysis of participation on drug costs in seniors in the Czech Republic in connection with seniors' social status (e.g. financial, household conditions). METHODS: Quota-sampled questionnaire-based interview with 450 respondents visiting pharmacy; Ratio men:women approximately 1:2; Age 60 years old and elder; 3 regions of the Czech Republic RESULTS: Most of respondents (60 %) live in households with their partners. Respondent's income was retirement pension in 80 %. Its average level was between 5001 and 7499CZK. Respondents used together 1651 medicines on physician's prescription in last four weeks. Overall co-payment for medicines was 31944CZK, e.g. 70CZK per patient. Only 27 % of respondents used fully reimbursed products. Respondents used together 273 OTC drugs in value of 12900CZK, e.g. 29CZK per patient. Average respondents spent on medicines 100CZK in last four weeks, e.g. between 2 and 1.3 % of their income. There were respondents, about 10 %, searching for the level of co-payment in several pharmacies and 8 % of respondents,...
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Skiascopic and skiagraphic examination of the spine with a focus on scoliosis
DOSTÁL, Martin
The spine is the body's support system and a supporting pole to the whole skeleton, therefore it is important to take good care of it to prevent its deformities, such as scoliosis. Scoliosis is a serious illness which can appear at a really young age. Nowadays, it's timely detection and early treatment is achieved through not only expert orthopaedic check-up, but mainly through radiological examination, mostly skiagraphy. In my bachelor thesis named "Skiascopic and skiagraphic examination of the spine with a focus on scoliosis" I deal with skiagraphic and fluoroscopic options of examining the spine, the issues of scoliosis in general and with specific statistical analysis of incidents of scoliotic changes recorded at the Radiological clinic of the University hospital Brno, at the department of adult medicine. In the introduction, I explain the basic anatomy of the spine including the movement possibilities of individual spinal parts, such as tilting or rotation. The differences between cervical, thoracic and lumbar part of the spine, and their individual vertebrae, are described. In the next part, I focus on the basic principles of skiagraphy and fluoroscopy. It's important to realise what these examination techniques involve, how they work and why are they indispensable parts of examination process of scoliosis. The origin of x-rays and its types are explicated. I also devote a little subchapter to digitalisation, because in modern medicine, it's gradually replacing original technology of recording on film screens, and its use requires minor adjustements of the skiagraphy procedure. The third part of the bachelor thesis focuses on individual skiascopic and skiagraphic examinations of the spine. I describe procedures of skiagraphy of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar part of the spine including the projection of the sacrum. I mention special skiagraphic methods performed in the process of intentional detection or observation of scoliotic changes, including telemetric pictures composed into the long format. From the skiscopic examinations, I marginally chose myelography and discography, application of which is currently almost none thanks to modern examination methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the next chapter, I'm finnaly dealing with the topic of scoliosis itself. The basic classification according to aetiology is shown, I also explain the difference between idiopathic, congenial and neuromuscular scoliosis. Also, I clarify by what reference is the scoliosis' curvature measured and what terms are used to describe scoliosis. The chapter concludes by brief explanation of therapy used for scoliosis. The second part of the thesis includes my research. I present the goals of the work and anticipated hypothesis. I explain where and in what conditions the data collection took place, including description of the process of telemetrical screening at the forementioned workplace in Brno. I also present outcome achieved by statistical processing of data, including my commentary based on hypothesis and acquired experience. In the discussion, I compared incidents of scoliosis today according to my research with professional literature focused on scoliosis. Furthermore, I mentioned options of spinal issues prevention, including related illnesses. I also enclose suggestion of utilization of my work in practice, which, as I hope, will be a usefull addition to clinical research for University hospital Brno. In the last part of my dissertation, I summarize all my findings from the thesis and enclose, along with the list of used literature and internet links, attachments in the form of expertly described radiographs of scoliotical spines, which I obtained, with the consent of the staff, also ati the University hospital Brno.
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Evaluation of retirement care home in Tučapy
AUGUSTINOVÁ, Hana
Abstract Evaluation of the Home for Seniors in Tučapy by its clients (after the change of legislation) The system of social services for elderly people is a set of activities that can help mitigate their unfavourable life situations. The causes of these situations can be related to their age, health state or difficult social position. The Act on Social Services no. 108/2006 effective from 01/01/07 moves the Czech Republic onto a higher level in the sphere of social services. The novelties in connection with the Act on Social services influence the following aspects of social services: the conception of social services, the types of offered services, the enlargement of the segment of social services providers and the conditions and rules obligatory for the providers. The allowances with which the persons in need are provided have also been changed, considering mainly the system of allowances distribution. In the thesis I concentrated on the observation of the practical influence and impact of the mentioned changes on the operation and daily activities in theHome, on social and health services offered to the seniors. The Home for Seniors had already functioned before the mentioned judicial changes so I had an opportunity to compare the previous status with the new situation and I could monitor the impact of the Act for one year after the beginning of its legal force. During the period of observation I could prove that the quality of health and social services had considerably improved. I found a significant change in the employees approach to their clients, obviously connected with the fact that a contractual base has been established and each client signs a contract with the Home for Seniors management. In the following period I also noticed an improvement of cooperation among social and health institutions and the state. Recently, social demands have been processed more flexibly, and a social and health services information network has been established.
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Leisure activities in the home for the elderly to prevent immobilization syndrome
MARKVARTOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis with the topic: "Leisure time activities in the Home for seniors as prevention of the immobilization syndrome" is divided into two sections - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section the terms relating to old age and types of leisure time activities offered by the Home for seniors are described. In the thesis conclusion I describe the immobilization syndrome also occurring in the elderly. Recently, there has been a large increase in senior population, and many senior people have been trying to keep active. Even when they are in Homes for seniors, they still try to find some stimulating activities that can bring joy to their lives. In the practical section I describe my survey research and its results and the answers to the research questions. The survey was carried out in the Home for seniors in Pacov, using a qualitative method of investigation by semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with 6 nurses working in the Home for seniors and with 7 clients of the Home for seniors in Pacov. First of all, we set two goals that we wanted to achieve. The first goal was to find out the influence of leisure time activities on the immobilization syndrome, the second one was to give an account of the ways in which leisure time activities are offered to seniors, and to check whether seniors make use of those opportunities. To meet these targets, we stated the following research questions: How the offered leisure time activities in the Home for seniors affect the immobilization syndrome development in seniors? What leisure time activities are offered by the Home for seniors? What leisure time activities are used most by seniors? The research questions were answered in the interviews which revealed that in the Home for seniors the activities most used by clients are ergotherapy and group exercises. The clients taking part in leisure time activities feel themselves in a good condition and are happy that such activities are available in the Home. The activities are also welcome by the nurses in the Home for seniors, because the elderly feel relaxed, are happier and the nurses have less work to do when clients are in a good physical and mental condition. The output of this work is represented by a booklet which was created to serve other Homes for seniors as information on leisure time activities for seniors.
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Hypoglycaemic conditions requiring rapid arrival of emergency services in South Bohemia
VACKOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis deals with the hypoglycaemic states that is not only a complication for diabetes mellitus disease but there are other diseases such as Adisson's disease or congenital hyperinsulinism. Hypoglycaemia can be for some people life endangered state, mainly if the state is not recognized in time or if an effective therapy is not started. The rapid therapy is crucial and should be started within the first speared symptoms to prevent the state get worse. The thesis acquaints the reader with the major gland's anatomy that influences the glycaemia, then the pancreas and its function and its hormones function. The major hormones are insulin and glucagon. The both hormones have the main influence on the controlling of glycaemia in the body. However, they are not the only ones factors that influence the blood sugar level. In various literature sources, the different glycaemia values can be found. That is the reason why it is difficult to define the level of hypoglycaemic stat. The thesis includes several definitions of the hypoglycaemia that differ according to the physiological values mentioned in various sources. An important part of the thesis is the chapter about the clinical symptoms. In the chapter, most sources concur. The clinical symptoms can be varied, sometimes not enough specified. After a few first vegetative symptoms (unrecognized hypoglycaemia syndrome can missed them), disorders of consciousness from the conscious to the coma usually appears. The coma is a state when a patient does not react on the surrounding. The following chapter describes the process of hypoglycaemic diagnoses. The process is described both in health institutions and during the pre-hospital urgent care where the possibilities are restricted. The care is a necessary part of the state. If the patient is conscious and is able to cooperate, some sweet drink and some chocolate are the best opportunity for the first help. The ideal tool that could be used during the light type of hypoglycaemia is Glukopur. Glukopur is the pure powder glucose that helps to the body that do not have to split disaccharides as within the sweet drinks and bars. Another topic is the dangers of hypoglycaemia. The dangers include the development of dementia that is often connected with hypoglycaemic states, the brain's damage or the dangerous of the heart arrhythmia. The most serious danger that can appear is the death. The thesis describes the summary of medicaments that can cause hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia can appear as a child inherited metabolic disorder or as hyperinsulinism. One of the chapters deals with this topic. The quantitative method data collection was used for the practical part of the thesis. The departures of The Emergency medical service in South Bohemian Region to the hypoglycaemic states during the year 2014 were searched. From the whole set of cases eight of them were randomly chosen and were described case interpretations that show the way of the emergency service intervention within the hypoglycaemic states. The case interpretations depict the patient's state before the arrival of the emergency service, the way of treatment and the patient's state after it. The evaluated indication by health operation centre is depicted in the following section. These indications do not have to be identical to real patient's state. One of the aims of the thesis was to map the most common factors of chosen hypoglycaemic states that were measured according to the NACA scale, grades IV.-VI. The data were gotten by the crew of The Emergency medical service in South Bohemian Region. The next one aim was to map the indications of the health operation centre and the following patient´s state according to the NACA scale.
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Child with Diabetes mellitus in Kindergarten
KALINOVSKÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with inclusion specialty of diabetic child to day-care centre. It is about the case study of the boy with diagnosis Diabetes mellitus of 1. type on insulin pump. The theoretical part is about illness Diabetes mellitus of 1. type, its symptoms, therapy and complications. The therapy way by insulin pump is described more in detail. The theoretical part contains the chapters regarding the psychological impacts to ill person and its family, the need to respect of the regime precautions and the legislative conditions of the sick child integration to the day-care centre. The practical part consists of a qualitative survey, which represents the boy's casuistry with diabetes. The practical part also includes an interview with the boy, his mother and a teacher at the day-care centre. Further the practical part consists of activities, which can help the pedagogues to incorporate a disadvantaged child such as this boy to the day-care group. From the findings it is clear that an insulation pump does not have any underlying influence on day to day activities in day-care centre however it makes it easier for the family and the unwell child.
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Sleep disturbances in old age.
VÁLOVÁ, Hana
The topics of the thesis are sleep disturbances concerning old age. Sleep is the basic human need, accompanying our life from pre-natal period to death. It is a natural and essential part of our life; it is of cardinal importance for the comfort of each human being. It is a necessary condition for keeping and maintaining physical and psychical health. The absence of sleep leads to serious disturbances. The sleep and its need are individual; it develops in the course of life, but gradually the number of sleep disturbances increases. In opposition to traditional opinions that an old person needs less sleep, it was found out that the total need of sleep does not change much. The observations proved that some old people sleep more than in their young age. In the theoretical part, sleep, its significance, the need of sleep, particular phases and factors influencing it are defined. Further, the disturbances of sleep, their causes, division and treatment are described. It deals with the sleep of the elderly and the role of a nurse supporting and making good quality sleep during the nursing process. Three objectives were stated. The first was to find out sleep habits of the elderly hospitalized in the Hospital Písek, Inc., the second mapped the disturbances of sleep in the clients-the elderly in the Hospital Písek, Inc. The third found out whether the hospitalized clients-the elderly have good conditions for the inducing of sleep. Three hypotheses were stated. The first: ``Clients have sleep habits``. The second supposed that: ``The most frequents sleep disturbances in clients-the elderly is the early waking up. The third hypothesis: ``Clients-the elderly have good conditions for the inducing of sleep``. Quantitative research was chosen to reach the objectives of the thesis and proving the hypotheses. The data collection was carried out by the method of a questionnaire on clients-the elderly in in-patient wards in the Hospital Písek, Inc. After the elaboration of the research part and following assessment it was found out that the first hypothesis-the presence of sleep habits, and the third hypothesis-good conditions for the inducing of sleep, were proved, but the second hypothesis-early waking up, was disproved. Although the results of the research are relatively optimistic, it is surely important to devote further attention to the problems of sleep disturbances in the elderly because sleep is not that natural and obvious for many of them. The person who does not sleep has not enough power, energy and is not able to manage routine daily activities or resist some illnesses. Problems appear in the individual with sleep disturbances and also in the people who are in contact with this individual.
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Health and social risks of obesity and unhealthy life style in relation to preadolescents and adolescents self-concept
SCHUSTER, Jan
The intention of this dissertation is a special investigation of a new innovative approach to reduce the weight of pubescent and adolescent people with overweight and fatness by creating positive changes in self-control and self-respect using an interventional active programme. The goal is to determine a method to reduce the overweight and describe the correlations of psychic conditions and social risks of the overweight and fatness of pubescent and adolescent people. The basis of the programme is several techniques of yoga and yoga configuration. The investigation observed 224 participants and the interventional programme was undertaken by 133 participant of the age of pubescence and adolescence. The programme was applied for twelve weeks. After finishing the interventional active programme, the body weight and BMI were reduced and positive significant changes were reached in shortage of hypodermic fat and decrease in depressive states and anxiety of the participants of the programme. Generally, the anthropometric measurements were implemented in case of 1136 participants. The established hypothesises have confirmed the right supposition of the effect of the interventional active programme. The ascertained data were processed statically and evaluated in collaboration with the Gartner{\crq}s Biomedical Laboratory of CTU Prague.
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Great depression and current financial crisis comparison
Počárovská, Alena ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Horák, Jiří (referee)
This thesis aims to compare the Great depression with current financial and economic crisis. The thesis focuses on the economy of the United States of America which has been affected most by those crises. The first part analyses theory of crisis in general, business cycle and the crises typology. It presents financial, monetary, banking and sovereign debt crises. Furthermore, the thesis describes both crises and their consequences in particular in the United States. The main contribution of this thesis consists in comparison of those two crises based on defined observations. It analyses analogies and distinctions of economic conditions in pre-crisis period, their causes and processes. At the end, the consequences of crises are evaluated and solution on how to prevent crises has been studied.
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