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Specific and general human capital in an endogenous growth model
Vourvachaki, E. ; Jerbashian, Vahagn ; Slobodyan, Sergey
In this paper, we define specific (general) human capital in terms of the occupations whose use is spread in a limited (wide) set of industries. We analyze the growth impact of an economy’s composition of specific and general human capital, in a model where education and R&D are costly and complementary activities. The model suggests that a declining share of specific human capital, as observed in the Czech Republic, can be associated with a lower rate of long run growth. We also discuss optimal educational policies in the presence of market frictions.
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Risk group of persons with disabilities on the labour market in Prague from 2005 to 2015
Hošková, Laura ; Maule, Petr (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
The theoretical part of the Bachelor Thesis comprehensively illustrates the status and representation of persons with disabilities (PWD) on the current labour market in the Czech Republic. In a general manner, the Thesis looks at the employment policy as well; especially its legislative basis in the legal framework of the Czech Republic and selected EU countries. Furthermore, the legal obligations of employers of PWD and the possibilities of fulfilling the mandatory share of PWD employment are stated. Findings of two qualitative employment studies are presented showing that PWD enter the labour market equipped with specialized competencies, which they are willing to complete by retraining programmes in case of need. The employers perceive the employment of PWD mainly as a financial profit, granted to them by the state; and the legislative conditions are a sufficient incentive for them. The questionnaire survey pointed out that the weakness in the employment of PWD is the lack of part-time jobs, which are highly demanded among them. Therefore the Thesis presents a solution, which could be the creation of shared work positions.
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The Choice of Occupation of People with Mental Disabilities
Figallová, Kateřina ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
As their café training programme comes to a close, the mentally disabled persons involved face an important decision: "What next?" They usually enter a follow-up transit programme, which helps them to deal with the transformation from the café environment to a different one. The objective of this dissertation was to map, understand and gain a deeper view into the process o f career choices among mentally disabled people who have made use o f the transit programme. The research group consisted of a group o f five subjects who entered the transit programme in 2003 and 2004. Data was collected until the end of 2005 when the transit programme was completed by the last of the five subjects. The data processing proceduře was inspired by the qualitative grounded theory of Strausse and Corbin (1999). The data were obtained particularly through active observation and ethnographic interviews with the subjects, and an employee of the transit programme (working consultant). The process of a career choice is considered to be an issue of professional identity. All subjects entered the transit programme with a certain idea about their future careers. We generally speak about a desirable professional identity, represented by jobs which the subjects find attractive for some reason. However, such attractive jobs are often...
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Expectations of women in labour vs. obstetrical trends
Paukertová, Zuzana ; Slowik, Regina (advisor) ; Plecitá, Zdeňka (referee) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
Key words: obstetrical trends, expectations of women in labour, labour ward nurse The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis focuses some of the obstetrical trends in the 20th century. The trends are specified from several points of view, in particularly according to the labour ward equipment standards, the labour ward nurse's task during the childbirth, the ways of soothing the labour pains and the possible contact of the woman in labour with the accompanying people and the newborn baby. The empirical part surveys the childbirth course requirements of the women in labour in the Czech Republic. The respondents are expectant mothers in the third gravidity term. From the empirical data the bachelor thesis implies some general recommendations for ward sisters at obstetrical departments following the aim to make childbirth conditions more favourable.
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A Woman´s in Childbed Birth Plan and Its Possibilities of Application on Delivery Room
MEHRABIANOVÁ, Aneta
A Woman's in Childbed Birth Plan and Its Possibilities of Application on Delivery Room In the life of woman, we can consider the birth of child just like an entering the unknown. It is easy to find a lot of informations about labour and birth, but the process is very individual each time and even the woman in childbed herself can hardly estimate her reactions in the face of new experiences. Maybe this is why many women are preparing their birth plan. The purpose of birth plan is to inform the obstetrician and the midwives about woman's wishes and ideas about her labour. Nowadays, relatively strong disagreement against routine way of childbirth in Czech midwifery is raising and women in childbed are urging to introduce new principles in midwifery and childbirth passing. They want changes not only in rules based in law, but also in ethic rules in maternity facilities. That´s why the obstetricians and midwives should respect reasonable wishes of their clients and consider whether their ideas about labour were fulfilled. A research, which was based on checklist method for purpose of probing of acceptability and applying czech women's birth plans in some of czech maternity clinics was carried out, together with appropriate documentation of reasons and matters which led to not fulfilling the client´s birth plan. In purpose of confirm our hypothesis, that client´s birth plans are not applied in labour wards, 102 women were asked to fill in the checklist. Only women which had the birth plan in their childbirthing took part of this research. The questions in the checklist were related to the content of their birth plan and level of fulfilling of their wishes. If those were not fulfilled, women were asked to name main reasons and matters of this. Subjective opinions of women are mentioned in this checklist. The result of this research displays that birth plan was totally fulfilled to 34 (33,33 %) asked women, 54 (52,94 %) asked women was fulfilled more likely, 13 (12,75 %) asked women was fulfilled less likely and in case of 1 (0,98 %) asked women was their birth plan unfulfilled at all. Although some of women´s requests were not granted, 88 (86,27 %) czech women were generally satisfied with fulfilling of their birth plans. The contentment of clients is one of the most important indicators of quality of medical and nursing care provided in labour ward, because the satisfying or unsatisfying of client´s needs during the labour reflects adequately in the consciousness of the client as subjectively felt satisfaction or unsatisfaction with provided care. Satisfied women in childbed trust much more in their physicians and midwives and moreover they cooperate much better with them during the labour. I believe that this work will inspire pregnant women to work out their own birth plan, that designing of birth plan is ideal theoretic preparation to a childbirth and maternity and that will lead to creating of different view on women entering the labour ward with their own birth plans.
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Labour versus fear and anxiety
KOSTKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on women´s experience of fear and anxiety during the childbirth. It combines both theoretical and empirical aspects of the topic. The theoretical part summarizes history of midwifery and history of psychoprophylaxis, defines the childbirth, describes physical and mental condition and changes in women during various stages of labour. The following chapter provides general characteristics of fear and anxiety, their signs and consequencies. The next part contains description of reasons, potential manifestations and effects of experiencing fear and anxiety during pregnancy and their possible impact on the childbirth. It is followed by a chapter dealing with prevention of, and solutions to fear and anxiety during the childbirth. The theoretical part also deals with various personalities of women in labour and opportunities to choose between different types of childbirth. The final chapter of the theoretical part summarizes specifics of midwife tasks in the delivery room. The research part of the bachelor´s thesis concentrates on finding out what is the extent of women´s experience of fear and anxiety in labour and what reasons they indicate as reasons of their fear and anxiety. We tried to establish whether there are any dependencies in experiencing the fear and anxiety by women in labour and whether it is possible to assess in advance which women will experience more fear and anxiety in labour. We attempted to identify what can help women in labour to overcome or be relieved of their feeling of fear and anxiety, and thus, whether or not such feeling can be prevented or at least alleviated. We were also detecting how the women in labour get their information of pregnancy and which information they consider the most beneficial. And whether or not their partners´ presence in labour may effect their actual experience.
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Domestic violence as a social problem in České Budějovice district
ŠÍMOVÁ, Ivana
Violence at home, a.k.a. home violence, is a spiraling cycle of brutality committed in private between closely related persons. Such violence can by physical, psychological, sexual, economic or social, with the roles of the attacker and the victim clearly defined and never changing. Anyone can be exposed to home violence, irrespective of her or his social position, education, job, sex, age, religion, or the type of partnership that people live in. Advanced societies have developed a tendency to tackle the issue, and the awareness of the problem has improved. In our country this favorable development is driven primarily by the newly enacted regulations and the keener interest stirred up in the public. The thesis aimed to investigate the general public awareness of home violence within the District of České Budějovice. As followed from the survey, the public living in the District is well aware of the issue. The results showed that as much as 69% of respondents knew about home violence, while the remaining 31% were ignorant of the problem. Hypothesis: Females are better informed about home violence than males - confirmed by comparison between what the women and the men knew about the issue. The difference encountered, however, was just minor. Hypothesis: People living in the District of České Budějovice are not knowledgeable about changes newly passed in Act 135/200 to solve the problem of violence at home - not confirmed. The majority of respondents heard of the Act and were able to specify at least the essential changes it enacted. The change the respondents mentioned most often was the 10 day period of flat-eviction order. It comes as a matter of interest that males were better aware of the Act and could better quote the changes it introduced. Hypothesis: The public accepts as true that home violence is confined to just problem-ridden families - not confirmed. Eighty seven percent of females and 81% of males were convinced that home violence was not limited to only such families. Merely 13% of females and 19% of males believed the home violence was a matter of the problem-ridden families. The survey results showed that the public living in the District of České Budějovice had dropped this myth, i.e. they had not seen the hypothesis as truthful. The thesis can serve as a source of information for the lay public, as a piece of instruction material for the students of the University of South Bohemia, or it could also be given to the Intervention Center to be distributed among the victims of home violence.
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Problematics of factors influencing juvenile delinquency
NYKLESOVÁ, Eva
The degree paper deals with the issues of juvenile delinquency and the factors which have impact on the origination of the juvenile delinquency. I have chosen this topic since it is a very serious problem and this phenomenon has been proliferating significantly. The crime in general, especially the juvenile delinquency, is a serious social-pathological phenomenon. Minors who do not reach the limit of criminal liability often became the offenders. In addition, the probability of threatening a young man by social pathological phenomena and his subsequent ``criminal career{\crqq} is currently much higher than ever before. To recognize the occurrence of risk factors among the youth in time it is necessary for the families, teachers, educators and all professionals working with the juveniles to acquire sufficient knowledge, information and experience and be able to work with the factors and fight against them in time. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term ``youth{\crqq}, the personality of a young delinquent, structure of the juvenile delinquency, analyses of the risk factors which most frequently participate in the occurrence of juvenile delinquency, and outlines the possibilities of intervention against the juvenile delinquency and various kinds of prevention. The research is focused on the occurrence of risk factors among the young respondents and on protective factors and attitudes of the respondents in respect of the juvenile delinquency and the crime at all. Structured interviews were held with the youth which are placed in the reformatory or special correctional institutions in the territory of the Regional of Plzeň. The main objective of the degree paper is to describe the factors which significantly affect the occurrence of the juvenile delinquency and to map the occurrence and impact of such factors on the juveniles placed in the correctional and reformatory social retraining institutions in the Region of Plzeň. Hypothesis No. 1 is: The youth commit property crimes at the most. Hypothesis No. 2: The youth behave improperly namely when in groups. Hypothesis No. 3: The decisive factor affecting the juvenile delinquency is the family. I think that the objectives of the degree paper were fulfilled. Hypothesis No. 1 was confirmed. The respondents mostly stated that they were adjudicated treatment in special reformatory institution due to property crimes. Hypothesis No. 2 was also confirmed. The replies of the respondents mostly contained the possibility that they committed crime within a gang. Hypothesis No. 3 was confirmed, too: Analyses of the research proves that all factors participating in the occurrence of the juvenile delinquency are penetrated with the impact of the family and family environment on the juveniles. Results of the performed research will be used for further education of the students at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, as well as for the students of other auxiliary professions at other universities. The results will be further used as the source of information for parents and pedagogical professionals working with the youth and as source materials for seminars about the given topic.
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Ten Years of the Welsh National Assembly: Closer to the Scottish Model?
Pospíšilová, Alena ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Hubáček, Filip (referee)
Diploma thesis "Ten years of the Welsh National Assembly: closer to the Scottish model? (1999-2009)" deals with changes that took place in the last ten years in Welsh devolution settlement. The thesis works with the concepts of Scottish and Welsh models of devolution that arrouse as a consequence of assymetric devolution settlements that the Labour government established in the both regions in 1999. The assymetry derived from historical, political and practical reasons. Meanwhile the Scottish Parliament has been established as a parliamentary institution with separate legislative and executive, the Welsh Assembly took form as a elected institution with a corporative structure. At the same time, the Scottish Parliament obtained general primary legislative powers compared to the limited executive powers of the Welsh Assembly. From the beginning of its existence the Welsh Assembly seeked to change its devolution settlement to match the Scottish model of devolution. The Welsh coalition of Labour party and Liberal Democrats established the Commission on the Assembly's Powers and Electoral Arrangements under the leadership of lord Richard, which was active from 2002 to 2004. The Richard Commission recommended radical changes to the settlement in line with the Scottish model. Consequently, the British Government...
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Presentation of minorities in the textbooks of English language
MALÍKOVÁ, Jana
Annotation In my diploma thesis I deal with the presentation of women as a minority in English language textbooks. The theoretical part explains why it is a keep necessary to consider woman to be a minority in society. The theoretical part is divided in two parts. The first part examines gender as a general concept, focusing on substantiality and circumstances, that are important to the formation of gender identity. The second part explores gender is in the context of education and textbooks. The practical part concentrates on the research of gender representation in three kinds of the textbooks that are presently used for teaching English language. The aspects being researched are: the whole conception of the curriculum, and the portraying of man and woman through pictures, dialogues, language, occupational stereotyping and family.
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