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The kea and the kaka, their distribution, state of endangerment and cognitive abilities
Vrbenská, Šárka ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
The kea and the kaka are parrots endemic to the New Zealand. The kea occures mainly in mountains, the kaka has it's habitat in the native forests. The kea can be easily tamed and is by then often seen around touristic locations. Eventhough, he is quite rare. His population is estimated on 5 000 individuals. Both species are threatened by introduced mammals, who predate on their eggs, chicks and rearing females. Their numbers are decreasing also because of a competition about honeydew with introduced wasps and the lost of their natural habitat. The last two reasons occur especialy with the kaka.
Both species feed generally on vegetal food supplemented with a small amount of animal protein, which is obtained principally from insects. Rumors about keas hunting and killing sheep are today considered being overstated, however there is a high possibility they like to nibble meat and fat from dead sheep. Despite this settlement and the fact they are both protected by law, some farmers keep shooting them.
There is only about 40 kakas and 250 keas in zoological gardens and other institutions over the world. Both species need to be kept in spacious aviaries that are firm enough to resist their strong beeks. They are very social so they must be kept in pairs or flocks.
These parrots are very inteligents, inquisitives and social. Therefore, there is a lot of experiments about the cognitive abilities of the kea. It has been found that he is able to learn simple tasks like pulling a string with a treat on it or opening a box with several locks. It is also possible that the individuals learn to perform operations only by simple observation of another bird.
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Rekultivace a management nepřírodních biotopů v České republice
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Praha ; Geologický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i., Praha ; Ústav pro ekopolitiku, o.p.s., Praha ; Zavadil, Vít ; Volf, Ondřej ; Starý, Josef ; Straka, Jakub ; Sádlo, Jiří ; Rambousek, Petr ; Přikryl, Ivo ; Lepšová, Anna ; Godány, Josef ; Frouz, Jan ; Farkač, Jan ; Vrabec, Vladimír ; Cílek, Václav ; Gremlica, Tomáš
Přehled lokalit Karlovarského, Plzeňského a Jihočeského kraje zkoumaných v roce 2009 a výsledky jejich podrobného inventarizačního průzkumu. Základní charakteristika vybraných nepřírodních biotopů. Výskyt a diverzita skupin organismů vyskytujících se v nepřírodních biotopech: Vyšší houby (Macromycetes). Cévnaté rostliny (Tracheophyta). Metodika výzkumů hmyzu a bezobratlých živočichů. Měkkýši (Mollusca). Pancířníci (Oribatei). Střevlíkovití brouci (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Motýli (Lepidoptera). Blanokřídlí žahadloví (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Mravenci (Formicidae). Obojživelníci (Amphibia). Plazi (Reptilia). Ptáci (Aves). Savci (Mammalia). Soubor lokalit pro finální výběr nepřírodních biotopů. Analýza typů a rozsahu lokalit poškozených činností člověka. Vždy je diskutována možnost spontánní rekolonizace nebo oživení lokality po provedené rekultivaci. Zpráva se zabývá problematikou výskytu chráněných druhů na územích, která nepožívají žádnou ochranu nebo se uvažuje o jejich rekultivaci, která nemusí zajistit vhodné podmínky pro tyto druhy. Je uvedena metodika pro rekultivaci Pískovny Jeviněves vypracovaná v souladu s výsledky inventarizačního průzkumu.
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Host specialization and species diversity in Strepsiptera of the genus Stylops
Jůzová, Kateřina ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Malenovský, Igor (referee)
The twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) are entomophagous insect order with cosmopolitan distribution. There are about 600 known species up to date. In spite of this, they have very broad host spectrum. Strepsiptera parasites in seven insect groups (Thysanura, Blattodea, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera). The mutual relationship between genera or even between species are not known, except for the species list and the host specification. Moreover, there is an anambiguous use of their species concept. Some authors consider Strepsiptera as the specialists and they match almost every host species with one separate strepsipteran parasite. The opposite concept is to consider strepsiptera as the generalists. The presence of the crypctic species also affect our understanding of the diversity of Strepsiptera. Therefore, the knowledge of Strepsiptera phylogeny provide us the important information about species diversity of studied group as well as about their coevolution with their hosts. On the basis of molecular analyses of three genes constructed the phylogeny genus Stylops. This genus has the wider spetrum of the host species from other strepsipterans of Stylopidae, It is obvious, that strepsipterans of genus Stylops are mainly specialised on their host subgenus. There was detected two...
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Bee products and possibilities of their use
LUKÁŠKOVÁ, Jana
The target of my Bachelor?s Thesis is to describe the importance of Honey Bee and focus on bee products. With its pollination activity Honey Bee secures propagation of entomophilous plants, is involved in protection of environment and increases yield of arable crops. Honey Bee products have versatile use. Honey is a good quality food supplement. Bees wax and propolis are due to their properties an important material for cosmetic industry. Bee poison is used for hymenoptera allergy care. Pollen serves as an energy source and royal jelly is used for treatment of central nervous system.
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Evolution of Morality, Morality of Evolution
Šafránek, Jakub ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Stella, Marco (referee)
The goal of this work is to present attitudes of two contemporary authors who are in the center of the evolutionary-origin-of morality debate, that is theories of Richard Dawkins and Frans de Waal. The critical reflection of their works on this topic will center around the building blocks of morality and the supposed "moral sense", which according to the dutch primatologist humans to some extent share with some of their living evolutinary relatives. In case of Richard Dawkins we are about to review his meme theory and parasytical character of some elements of culture. Morevoer there will be presented accounts of the dual inheritance theorists, which in authors opinion can reunite both presented authors and thier attitudes, i.e. put the parasytic/independent character of memes in accordance with the building blocks of morality approach. This approach in turn can explain many phenomena of human contemporary morals and their limits. Keywords: Morality, evolution, dual inheritance theory, coevolution, memes
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Wind resource assessment for selected sites in the territory of the Czech Republic
Hanslian, David
This set of studies analyses the wind conditions and expected wind power production at selected sites in the Czech Republic. At first, the calculation of wind conditions by VAS/WAsP 1, VAS/WAsP 2 and PIAP models is performed. Based on the comparison and analysis of model results, the generalized wind climate pertaining to the assessed site is estimated. The final results are calculated by WAsP model using this generalized wind climate. The expected wind power production of proposed wind turbine or wind farm is calculated as well as the map of simulated average wind speed and potential wind turbine production over the surrounding area. The uncertainty analysis is performed as well. This set consists of 6 partial reports.
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Vliv polymorfismu Toll-like receptoru 4 na kondici a ornamentaci u sýkory koňadry
Bainová, Hana ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Host-parasite co-evolution belongs to the most important evolutionary relationships that shape natural and sexual selection. Parasites pose permanent selective pressure on their hosts. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as a part of innate immunity are involved in mechanisms of a first immunological barrier which has to be overcome by parasites. These receptors play a key role in primary detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and, hence, are responsible for early triggering of effector immunological mechanisms and for co- activating adaptive immunity. Several studies revealed that TLR4 may represent a suitable model molecule for host-parasite co-evolution studies. TLR4 interacts directly with several PAMPs and structural variability in this receptor was shown to affect host resistance to various diseases. Thus, there is potential for occurrence of parasite-mediated natural and sexual selection. Contrary to the number of fish and mammalian TLRs described, avian inter- and intraspecific TLR variability is only very insufficiently explored. This is especially true for passerine birds. In my diploma thesis I therefore provide the first description of the complete Tlr4 translated region in a non-model free-living bird, great tit (Parus major), predict structure of the protein product of...
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Possibilities of Common-rail Injection System
Smilek, Tomáš ; Svída, David (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
Tomáš Smilek Possibilities of Common-rail Injection System BT, Institute of Automotive Engineering, 2008, p. 23, fig. 18, appendices 0 This study´s motivation was to describe common-rail injection system. This work describes history of inovation same as the key parts of this system and function each of them. It also declares advantages in confrontation with old way of injection.
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The role of ultraviolet light in communication of birds
Šulc, Michal ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Albrecht, Tomáš (referee)
Recently, it has been found that the visual system of birds and humans differ remarkably, especially in the ability to perceive ultraviolet radiation. This component of the spectrum significantly affects various types of the birds' behaviour. UV reflection may be an indicator of the qualities of males, i.e. females often prefer individuals with expressive UV ornamentation. Likewise, parents can distribute the delivered food unevenly among their nestlings, depending on the nestlings' reflection of ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies also showed that the hosts of brood parasites may use UV spectrum as a key for recognizing the parasitic eggs from their own. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to review the current knowledge of the influence of UV radiation on sexual selection of birds, the interaction between parents and offspring and interactions between brood parasites and their hosts.
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