|
Stabilization of knee joint in Female football players while respecting their menstrual cycle without the use of hormonal contraceptives
VOCEDÁLKOVÁ, Simona
The issue of the knee joint and its structures is nowadays in the field of sport very current. It has to do with the increasing demands that are placed on the muscular and ligamentous apparatus. The knee joint is a complex functional unit, which consists of many bones and intraarticular services. Tibia, femur and among themselves to create articulation femorotibiall and femoropatellar. Both of these joints form one jointknee anatomy. In connection with its specific structure allows this complex anatomical element of two seemingly incompatible features-stability and mobility. The stable position of the knee from the energy point of view, it is economical. On both of the functions involved in dynamic and static stabilizers. The first group consists of the active support and is represented by the muscles. The second group provides passive support joint and this includes ligaments, menisci, joint capsule, and the shape of the joint surfaces. In the women's football are the most traumatized by the lower limb especially the ankles and knees. According to Engebretsena and Steffena (2006) make up 26% of all knee injuries in women's football. In the world of football is more than men's soccer players to injury knee ligament-mainly anterior cruciate ligament. 70% of this ligament is injured uncontact mechanism. In the LCA is the receptor of sex hormones-estrogen and progesterone. These hormones have a direct effect on the structure of the LCA. The menstrual cycle (MC) is increeasing laxity of the knee joint during ovulation and the luteal phase (15. day of the MC-the end of the MC). In this period, the female knee is the most susceptible to injury. This thesis deals with the issue of just the knee joint in the world of football. It also discusses the regular fluctuations in endogenous female hormones and their effects on the ligament laxity . The theoretical part is focused on football, the differences between women and men and predilection places in the women's football injuries. Special chapter then describes the specifics of the female knee. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to the physiology of the menstrual cycle, the female sex hormones and their effects on ligaments. The main task of this work was to build a specific system of exercises for the world of football. The SSC is focused mainly on strengthening muscles involved in the movement in the knee joint and to stabilise this joint. The SSC should serve as a complement to the classical training and was included in the training units for a period of two months. Another aim was to compare the effectiveness of SSC groups A and B. Members of the group A trained in the different phases of the menstrual cycle for exercise, which should positively affect the stability of the knee joint in relation to increased or decreased ligament laxity, due to the action of female hormones. The group B then didn´t take account of the MC physiology. In the practical part of the thesis was used the method of qualitative research. Four players in one of the South Bohemian football team were examined. Research file is moved between the ages of 19 to 26 years of age. The girls did not use hormonal contraception at the time of reserch. For the refinement of the input and output of measurement results, I investigated the players between 5.-6. on the day of their MC with the opening two months. Objectification of the results I achieved by using four specific tests. One of these tests was to score one of the Functional movement screen. Input rating in the FMS range 22-25 points. When the output rating rose to 27-30 points. My work is probably the first of this focus. Its contribution could be a reduction in the number of injuries of the knee joint in the world of football. I consider the work of the information material for trainers, implementation teams and the female football players. In the future, can become a catalyst for further research into the issue.
|
|
Numerical simulation of video-kymographic records of the vocal fold vibration
Vampola, T. ; Horáček, Jaromír
The reconstruction of the video-kymographic records from the numerical simulation of the vocal fold vibration is used for prediction of the type of vocal fold damaged. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) fully parametric model of the human larynx was developed and used for numerical simulation of stresses during vibrating vocal folds with collisions. The complex model consists of the vocal folds, arytenoids, thyroid and cricoid cartilages. The vocal fold tissue is modeled as a three layered transversal isotropic material. The results of numerical simulation of the vocal folds oscillations excited by a prescribed intraglottal aerodynamic pressure are presented. The FE contact elements are used for modelling the vocal folds collisions and the stresses in the vocal fold tissue are computed in time domain. The damaged of the ligament tissue is simulated by the modification of the modulus of elasticity. The video-kymographic records are reconstructed for health and damaged vocal folds. The results show significant dynamic stresses in all there directions (horizontal, vertical and anterior-posterior).
|
|
Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis: the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint reconstruction
Hájek, Tomáš ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Křížková, Štěpánka (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis: the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint reconstruction. Objective: Summary of theoretical knowledge and processing of study reports of a patient with the diagnosis: the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint reconstruction. Abstract: This thesis consists of two parts. The general section includes anatomical and biomechanical aspects of anterior cruciate ligament, as well as epidemiology, diagnosis, the most common causes and treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. The special section includes the case study regarding the physiotherapy treatment of the patient. Therapy was focused mainly on the patient's knee joint stability restoration. The case study was prepared at the time of the author's practice, from 14th February to 2nd March 2011, at the ambulance department of the Regional hospital in Kladno. The Ethics Committee expressed its positive attitude towards the case study. The original version can be found in the Annex, as well as the informed consent template. The signed original of the consent is in the author's possession. Keywords: Ligamentum cruciatum anterior, knee joint, anatomy, biomechanics, instability, rupture, damage.
|
|
Electromyographic Analysis of the Femoral Muscles' Activity in Patiens with a Ruptured and Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Fišáková, Marie ; Valouchová, Petra (advisor) ; Véle, František (referee)
Jnjury of anterior cruciat ligament (ACL) is frequent. ACL lesion has serious consequences on the knee joint biomechanics as well as neurophysiological changes. This study sum111arize the facts in the field of ACL lesion. in ter111s ofin jury, therapy and the return of a patient to daily life. The present research into anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesion has shown varying results. We investigated the electro111yographic (EMG) activity of fe111oral 111uscles (se111i111e111branosus 111. (SEMI). biceps femoris m. (BF), vastus medialis 111. (VM), vastus lateralis m. (VL)) during specific physical activities (PA) in the closed kinetic chain (CKC). The main focus was on the protective pattern of femoral111uscles activity in knees with insufficient stability, due to ACL les ion. The study was based on theory as well as previous investigations of "the ha111string reflex". 16 patients with ACL lesion (6 men and 1 O women; mean age = 34 years, range = fro111 15 to 54) divided in 2 groups (with and without ACL reconstruction) participated in this study. The EMG activity of assessed femoral muscles was analysed during 3 specific activities: calm standing (CS), rythmic weight bearing (RWB), forward lunge (FL). The performance of PA were standardized by the use of the forceplate offered by NeuroCom® "Balance...
|
|
Influence of the reflexive locomotion according Vojta to children with Down´s syndrome.
PLACHÁ, Milena
The topic of the thesis is "Effects of reflex locomotion according to Vojta for children with Down?s syndrome" from the perspective of parents. Down?s syndrome (DS) is a congenital syndrome which is caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. A common feature for children with DS is a mild to moderate mental retardation. A very common feature of children with DS is muscular hypotonia and the relaxation of ligaments and tendons. This is the cause of posture disorder, slow motor development accompanied by the emergence of abnormal patterns of movement. Method that may be used in physical therapy for these children is the Vojta reflex locomotion method. In this therapy, we use partial patterns of global models of reflexive forward movement - reflex creeping and reflex rolling. In the treatment of children with abnormal motor function, we activate normal patterns of movement which can be then used in volitional motor skills. Reflex also positively affects other functions, such as fine motor skills in the orofacial region, peristalsis, respiration, urinary bladder muscle and development of the mental function. If the therapy results in an improvement of motor skills, then the life quality of the child and its family is improved too and there are better conditions for the social and vocational integration of the child. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of DS and the Vojta method of reflex therapy. First specified is DS, its history, classification of different types of DS and its heredity. The following describes the possibilities of diagnosis, symptoms and health problems of children and adults with DS. Last but not least should be mentioned the possibilities of education of children with DS and forms of support to families for a child with DS. In the chapters dealing with the Vojta reflex locomotion method, there is also the briefly mentioned personality Vaclav Vojta, who developed this therapy. It further describes the diagnostic possibilities of motor disabilities of children, two basic principles in Vojta reflex locomotion ? reflex creeping and reflex rolling and their possible use within the therapy. This theoretical part is followed by a research part. The research represents a qualitative narrative interview method. This method uses the recording and subsequent transcription of the interview in which the interviewee describes his life story. When processing, the interview is firstly literally converted into a written form and subsequently analyzed. Individual interviews are presented in stages. The first stage describes the situation in the family before the childbirth. The second stage describes the situation in the family after finding out about the diagnoses of DS. The third stage describes the current situation within the family, development of the child. The fourth stage focuses on planning for the future. The fifth stage is super analysis. In interviews, I search for patterns that are common to all narrations. Parents of five preschool aged children with DS, who undergo the therapy of Vojta reflex locomotion in the Vojta centre in Ceske Budejovice, were included in this research. Interviews were held with all the mothers, two fathers did not participate in the research. From the analysis of all five narrations, it was clear that the influence of the Vojta reflex locomotion method was positive with those children involved in the research. Parents noticed an improvement in body posture, improved motor skills of the tongue and also speech in older children. They consider the contribution of the Vojta reflex locomotion methods positive, both in the areas of motor skills and in the psychosocial area. For all the children involved in the research, this therapy is still being used.
|
|
Injuries of knee joint and consequential physiotherapy after crossed ligaments plastic
ŠKABROUD, Libor
This work deals with questions of injuries of the fibrous apparatus of the knee joint, especially with the injury of ligamentum cruciatum anterius (LCA). The theoretical part summarizes the basic information relating to the problems of injuries of the fibrous apparatus of the knee. In the following, it offers an abstract of recent methods of physiotherapy used while dealing with patients with LCA plastic. The evaluation of the research, which compares the efficiency of the physiotherapy between two patients with LCA plastic (one active sportsman and the other a non sportsman), discovered that the therapy was more effective in the sportsman case, especially in term of faster growth of muscles.
|
|
Knowledgeability of clients about postoperative care at orthopaedic department
LIŠKOVÁ, Jana
Clients suffering from musculoskeletal system problems are hospitalised at the orthopaedic department. Most clients must undergo a surgery here. Surgery is a stressful situation for many clients. They are in foreign environment and do not know what to expect, they are afraid. A nurse at an orthopaedic department has a very important function. She accompanies the client before, during and after the surgery. She aims to provide her clients with enough information to calm them and to make their stay in a medical facility pleasant. Quantitative research performed by means od anonymous questionnaires was used to collect data. We addressed nurses from traumatological wards in the following hospitals: Nemocnice Písek, a.s. and Ústřední vojenská nemocnice Prague. We also contacted clients hospitalized in orthopedic and traumatological ward in the two identified hospitals. We collected identification data and information about the general awareness of postoperative care and postoperative complications. Three objectives were determined in the bachelor essay. Determination of the level of clients´ awareness, the means used by nurses to provide information about postoperative care and about postoperative complications. And whether nurses provide information through the nursing process. Results of the research were fulfilled. Three hypothese were determined. The first and the second hypothese were to confirm that clients are sufficiently informed about the postoperative care and postoperative copmlications and that nurses provide clients with the nursing care through the nursing process. These hypotheses were confirmed. Nurses inform clients about the postoperative care and they provide nursing care through the nursing process. The third hypothesis was supposed to confirm that nurses utilize all means to inform clients about the postoperative care. This hypothesis was not confirmed; nurses inform clients only orally. The research showed that clients address thein inquiries to both nurses and doctors. Clients´ awareness of postoperative care was sufficient and there is no need to increase it, however, the awareness of postoperative complications is weaker and clients would like to obtain more information from doctors. In spite of that, most of them say that postoperative complications cannot be prevented by better awareness anyway. Postoperative care is a part of the recovery period after a surgery {--} knee ligament athroplasty. Sufficient awareness of clients and timely rehabilitation is an integral part of that. Therefore, it is necessary to provide clients with sufficient amount of information. The results of the bachelor assay will be submitted to nurses in orthopedic wards in the two identified hospitals, i.e. Nemocnice Písek, a.s. and Ústřední Vojenská Nemocnice Prague, where the research was performed; the results could also be used as a source of information in workshops not only for nurses working in orthopedic wards, but for everyne who is interested in this topic. The results could also enhance the postoperative care within the nursing prosess.
|
|
Use the activation of the deep stabilization system in the prevention of injuries in hockey players
OBSTOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis deals with issue of activation of the deep stabilization system in the prevention of injuries in ice hockey players. The aim of practical part was to descripe the theoretical knowledge of the deep stabilization system. In the thesis were presented knowledge of ice hockey.The practical part of the thesis is processed by the qualitative research method. To obtain secondary data was collected anamnesis of all probands. then was made the input and output of kinesiology analysis. The data and research results were published in the form of case reports. In the practical part of my thesis, I tested the 4 probands, ice hockey player a premier league team at the age of 22-24 years. I compared changes in the values obtained during the input and output kinesiological analysis with spacing of 8 weeks. During this time I have seen each proband 8x. The classic hockey training was included in the group A specific set of exercises to activate HSS. In group B was performed only classic hockey training. The probands had repeated problems with muscle contusion, stretching the muscles, rupture of the face, pain in the lumbar spine, pain in the groin, stretching the ligaments (knee, ankle joints), and pain in the knee joints.The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of activation of concrete at HSS probands (hockey players) in the prevention of accidents in comparison with the frequency of injuries in hockey players without activating the HSS.Another aim was to create a specific set of exercises to activate HSS, which would be included in the classic hockey training.At the initial examination was detected in all probands insufficiency diaphragm, pelvic floor and deep abdominal muscles. When the exit examination at the end of the investigation was a reduction in these pathological signs in only one proband.However, research carried out in such a large issue was not sufficient, as their number of respondents and the duration of therapy. Because of this main could not be filled with work or unequivocally answer the research question.This thesis can be used as educational material for the clinical practice of physiotherapists, physiotherapy students for coaches field hockey and ice hockey players themselves.This bachelor thesis may be a stimulus for further research activities in this area.
|
|
Promotion of self-sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in selected daily activities at the home environment
TÜRKOVÁ, Věra
Promotion of self-sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in selected daily activities at the home environment The topic of my bachelor thesis is promotion of self-sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease the main symptom of which is damage of mainly small joints, muscles, ligaments, but it may also manifest itself in internal organs of the body. This leads to significant motion limitation and thus greatly deteriorates the quality of life and self-sufficiency of affected people. Since it is women who suffer from this disease most, we concentrated on the area of cooking, eating and personal hygiene. The role of nurses is to lead patients to self-sufficiency. There are more possibilities how to provide the patients with limited self-sufficiency with support, but the thesis is focused on the aids to promote self-sufficiency in cooking, eating and personal hygiene. To carry out the research survey we stated six goals. The first goal was to find out what aids to promote self-sufficiency the patients with rheumatoid arthritis have at their disposition for cooking food and eating. The second objective was to determine what aids to promote self-sufficiency the patients with rheumatoid arthritis have at their disposition in the area of personal hygiene. The third objective was to determine what aids to promote self-sufficiency the patients with rheumatoid arthritis miss in the area of cooking and eating. The fourth goal was to find out what aids to promote self-sufficiency the patients with rheumatoid arthritis miss in the area of personal hygiene. The fifth objective was to create a brochure to promote self-sufficiency of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in cooking, eating and personal hygiene. The sixth goal was to apply the booklet on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The goals of the thesis were met. At the turn of February and March 2011 the qualitative research survey was conducted. For data collection the method of questioning, the non-standardized interview technique was used. Using pre-prepared questions we interviewed the respondents with rheumatoid arthritis who are treated on an outpatient basis. Based on information and available aids mapping, a booklet to promote self-sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was created and subsequently tested. The research group consisted of six respondents suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The respondents were selected according to predetermined criteria, which were the suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, disease stages II., III., IV, when self-sufficiency is strongly influenced and monocyclic, polycyclic and progressive course of rheumatoid arthritis is present. The research sample for an inquiry was selected by the same criteria, and it consisted of 10 respondents. The thesis revealed which specific aids are available to patients with rheumatoid arthritis and which are missing. Based on obtained information and the aids mapped, a booklet to promote self-sufficiency of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the area of cooking, eating and personal hygiene was created. We believe that steps to improve self-sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the areas of cooking, eating and personal hygiene at home environment involve the booklet provision to outpatient and inpatient departments of rheumatology. To address the widest possible population of rheumatics with damaged self-sufficiency and on the basis of positive responses to the booklet, we accepted the offer to publish a series article about promotion of self-sufficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the magazine ?REVMATIK?. In our opinion, positive contribution could also be organization of an information seminar on aids to promote self-sufficiency for patients and nurses in rheumatology units and for members of the Rheumatism - league and students of ZSF.
|
| |
guest ::
