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The issue of social housing in the Czech Republic in the first decade 21st century
Jelínková, Tereza ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
Bachelor thesis analyzes the issue of definition of social housing in the Czech Republic,due to circumstances which affect the definition of that is lack of definition of social housing in the Czech Republic, and especially the historical and social context. In the Czech Republic live, as in other countries, groups of citizens, for ensuring that permanent housingis relatively unaffordable affairs. These are groups of people such as disabled, single parents, unemployed, drug addicts, people leaving children's homes or facilities for serving, etc. For these people it is difficult to apply the available housing market and thereforeusually require municipal, respectively state aid and assistance. For these reasons, the work deals with the analysis of existing state programs for low-income housing supportgroups of people, tools and their effectiveness. In the final part of the work processes of thebasic problems of comparison with developed countries of the European Union, particularlyBritain and Germany.
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Solidarity nad Social Justice in Society
Kankrlík, Tomáš ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Kubelková, Karina (referee)
The paper focuses on the welfare state, which is enjoying the favor on the one hand and facing the strong criticism on the other hand. The work aims to assess the relationship of the social expenditure share in GDP and the GDP growth in the selected European countries, namely Sweden, Germany and Great Britain. Within the solution of this question the work focuses first on the theory of the welfare state and the state intervention approaches applied in the exercise of social policy. Further the work points to the adverse effects of the social policy. In the applied part the paper analyzes the countries in terms of the structure of social expenditures, their share in GDP and the GDP growth in the period. The paper focuses particularly on the relationship of the share of social expenditures in GDP and the GDP growth. In all three cases the demonstration of the dependence of observed variables based on correlation analysis failed. At the conclusion the work provides evaluation of the relationship of the social expenditure share in GDP and the unemployment rate, where the dependence of both indicators was confirmed.
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Social impact of mental anorexy of child patient´s to a family.
ŠOUNOVÁ, Jitka
SOCIAL INPACT OF THE MENTAL ANOREXIA AFFECTING CHILDREN´S PATIENTS ON HE FAMILY In choosing the subject of my degree work I was influenced fundamentally by my experience gained during the department of children´s psychiatry. At thes very interesting work I had opportunity to become acquainted not only with various psychiatric diagnoses but with plenty of human fates in particular. The girls with plenty of human fates in particular. The girls wth mental anorexia were frequent patients of this department. During their long-term and often repeated hospitalization I met both the patients and the whole families. That´s why I could follow the development of the children affected like this and the impact of this illness on the family as well. The mental anorexia is a very grave and lingering illness belonging to the group of disorders in food ingestion. The consequences of this illness for he health can be of an persistent character and it is not exceptional that this illness is even fatal. The therapy is spite of all therapeutical possibilities, the modern psychiatry has at disposal. Therefore, the families of the patients have not only to get over the fear for the life and health of their members, but they have also to overcome longlasting psychological stress connected with the care of the person affected like this. This care can influence the running of the family fundamentally. It often happens that the family has to reduce the professional activities with respect to the exacting care. This can result in aggravation of the economic situation of the family. A considerable lowering of the living standard and the following crisis can take place in families with low incomes. Permanent psychological stress, deterioration of the economic situation and fair for the child can influence also the relations between individual members of the family. It is no exception that this stress has an adverse effect on the marriage of the parents, and that expecially in the case that the marriage was a problematic one as early as before the child fell ill.
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Drugs and activities that could cause danger to life, health or damage to property
HANDSCHUHOVÁ, Silvie
The objective of this thesis is to summarize the effects of drugs, especially of the cannabinoids and amphetamine type stimulants, and to analyse which of these substances leads to high-risk activities, that could endanger life, health or result in damage to property. One of these activities, an important one, is driving under the influence of drugs. Driving itself is a complex demand, involving perception, decision making, psychomotor skills, knowledge, as well as attitudes and personality characteristics. Substance use and abuse has an impact on the functioning of the brain and mental processes and therefore on the performance of the driving task. Driving under the influence of drugs is a high risk activity which endangers not only the driver but also their surroundings. In the last few years, the Czech Republic registered a rapid increase in the number of impaired drivers, namely at police check points and in car accidents. The young drivers are mostly under influence of marijuana, respectively tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Its negative effect on driving results from impaired co-ordination, slowed complex reaction time and in space and time distortion. The second group of drugs which can impair drivers is amphetamine type stimulants. Amphetamines are frequently sought by truck drivers, especially long-haul drivers, in Western Europe for its stimulative effects. In the Czech Republic the methamphetamine, Pervitin, is much more common. Intoxication is characterized by increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, increased respiration, rapid heart rate and an irregular heartbeat. The risk factors for driving are a lack of concentration and an overestimation of one{\crq}s own capabilities. After the acute phase of intoxication subsides, fatigue or states of narcolepsy may occur. Another amphetamine-based drug is methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA or Ecstasy. This synthetic substance, chemically related to mescaline, is dangerous due to its ability to regulate body temperature. On rare but unpredictable occasions, this can lead to sharp hyperthermia, resulting in liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure, and death. It can also cause hallucinations. All common drugs are easily detectable with ``drug test-cards{\crqq}, which are used during police checks around the the world. The Czech Republic is currently testing their utilization and is preparing legislation accordingly. Utilization of these tests during random checks could help to decrease the number of fatal road accidents and could help to decrease the number of impaired drivers on the roads.
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Patient radiation load and possibility of reduction by percutaneous coronary interventions
KVASNICOVÁ, Miroslava
Abstract More than 100 years have passed since physicist W.C.Röntgen discovered X rays and their use in medicine. Knowledge about their harmful effects led to gradual im-plementing of protection rules. Attention of experts gradually focused on persons exa-mined or treated by ionizing radiation, as so-called medical exposition represents the most important part of person´s irradiation from artificial sources of radiation at all. De-finition of medical irradiation was accepted by Act No.18/1997 Coll. (Atomic Act) and extended in novel of the Act (No.13/2002 Coll.). Medical irradiation is not limited but two principles of radiation protection govern {--} principle of reasoning and principle of optimalization. I focused my attention on radiation load of patients during selective coronaro-graphy which still remains gold diagnostic standard for coronary arteries examination. I measured and evaluated the radiation dose of patients at two angiography machines in Teaching Hospital in Motol. They are angiography machines PHILIPS Integris Allura (made in 2002) at Institution of Imaging Methods and PHILIPS Integris HM 3000 (ma-de in 1993) at Cardiovascular Centre for Adults. Some technical parameters of these machines differ, e.g. the size of image amplifier. Since 2003 to 2007 10,087 patients at Cardiovascular Centre for Adults and 7,760 patients at Institution of Imaging Methods were examined by selective coronarography. I analyse all equipment of angiography work place, including technical of X-ray angiomachine, radiological standards, protection against radiation, requirements for imaging system, parameters impacting the quality of X-ray image, possibilities of lowering radiation load in patients. Hypothesis is based on idea that radiation load can be lowered by setting suita-ble exposition parameters and collimators. Methodology consists of measurements of exposition dose in 100 patients at Institution of Imaging Methods and at Cardivascular Centre. I compare the dose at both work places on the base of different size of image amplifier, different frequency of scanning and advert to different dose in different projection. Other part consists of mea-surements on phantoms, in which I compare the dose acquired in patients. I watch fur-ther parameters impacting the level of radiation load. Acquired results are mutually compared and statistically elaborated and valuated by {$\omega$}2-test. Evaluated data can serve for creating of radiologic standards which will contribute to staff education how to ma-nipulate sources of X-ray radiation to make the dose for a patient and for staff as low as possible.
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Social situation of immigrants living in selected localities of the Czech Republic from the perspective of selected health determinants
ZÁLESKÁ, Veronika
According to Wilkinson and Marmot (2003), the area of ten social health determinants constitutes probably the most comprehensive approach to analysis to the individual's health condition. The goal of the dissertation consisted in assessing the social health determinants in the area of social support, stress, childhood and transportation. The quantitative investigation method of the research subject was implemented through questioning. The research set consisted of legally settled immigrants, living in the Czech Republic for more than one year, in age category of 18-65 years, of Vietnamese, Mongolian and Ukrainian nationality. The respondents lived in selected localities: capital of Prague, South Bohemian Region and Vysočina Region. 246 respondents in total were questioned. The investigation results show that Ukrainians perceive the Czech Republic as their home state more frequently than the Vietnamese and Mongolians. Relationship between selected characteristics of social support, subjective assessment of health, presence of depression and stress symptoms of psychic and physical origin was proved. The ability to communicate in Czech language was shown to be very important in the area of social support. One tenth of the respondents is daily exposed to effect of stress. The Mongolians reported most frequent exposure to stress situations, while the Ukrainians reported least frequent exposure. The most respondents have signs of depression. The respondents who have medium, serious or extreme depression assessed their health with higher statistically significant frequency as mediocre. More exacting movement activities are performed with higher statistically significant frequency by men, university graduates and intellectually working respondents. The immigrants who have reported to perform regular walking and movement activities assess their health as good and report absence of signs of depression. During pregnancy, the female respondents observed regular examinations and the course of their pregnancy was predominantly physiological. A high percentage of female respondents worked 9 and more hours during pregnancy. The health condition of the respondents' youngest children is good; most of them have suffered only common children's diseases. More than one tenth of the respondents' children have no health insurance and vaccination. The immigrants often find themselves in adverse social situation, and it is therefore important to adopt measures to eliminate its impacts. The crucial measures include for example social programs focused on immigrants, preventive programs focused on foreigners' children and increasing language knowledge of the immigrants.
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Assessment of aroma active compounds in chosen fruit types
Rodzíková, Martina ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the assessment of aroma active compounds in less known berries, gooseberries. In the theoretical part the general characteristics, biological signs and properties of selected varieties, chemical composition and structure of the components, drug effects, the possibility of processing and use of gooseberries are mainly described. The main aim of this thesis was to determine aroma active substances in selected varieties of gooseberry fruits using SPME-GC method. Aroma active compounds were first extracted by solid-phase microextraction and then assessed by gas chromatography.
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Specifics of nursing care fot patients with tinitus
PÁNKOVÁ, Zuzana
Tinnitus is the technical term for an unpleasant perception of the inner sound source, i.e. for rustle, which may be known as the noise in the head, fizz and ringing in the ears. Symptoms of tinnitus feels about 15% of the population. At the age of 65 years it has been almost every second. Tinnitus is not itself considered as a disease, but as a symptom, which may be a sign of other health problems, mental and physical kind. We distinguish subjective and objective tinnitus. Objective can hear usually and another man, subjective not, it is actually audible hallucinations, which occurs in most cases. Tinnitus is considered one of the great mysteries of human ear. Exposure to intense noise increases the risk of its occurrence. For example, frequent stays in noisy ambience, such as concerts, music festivals, night clubs or listening to music players at high volume levels. An accompanying physical symptom is often a hearing loss. A possible cause may be even injuries of the head, neck, vascular disease, or just an ear inflammation. It is recommended to avoid foods with excessive levels of salt, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and some painkillers. For the diagnosis of tinnitus is required to undergo the complex medical examination, which includes a summary of the case history, medical examination and the audiological assessment. The first step is to visit a general practitioner and an otolaryngologist. Currently there is no approved drug specifically for the treatment of tinnitus. Most treatment options are based on the suppression of tinnitus, together with a reduction of stress. The patient can be helped by improving circulation in the blood vessels and in the cochlea. Therapy can also include elements of education, such as relaxation techniques and psychological therapy. There is the possibility of alternative treatments (acupuncture). This disease is due to its character very demanding on the psyche of the patient. People affected by tinnitus complain of impaired quality of rest and sleep, but also concentration, suffer mentally and physically. Often are they irritated and due to difficulties feel the uncomfortableness, what a relationship with their surroundings disturbs even more. They can have serious psychic problems. An integral part in the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus, is a nurse. Audiometric examination is carried out by an audiological nurse, aligns the body and the head during otoscopic examination, blood draw and obviously has great effect on the mental preparation of the patient. During therapy nurse establishes a peripheral venous catheter, it is responsible for the proper application of vasodilator infusions, which consists not only in knowledge of the principles of administration of the infusion, but also in the proper patient education. Specificity of a work of nurses in hyperbaric oxygen therapy follows from a technical background, and the need for special physical, mental training and patient education. Research investigations have revealed the specifics of nursing care for patients with tinnitus, the most important seems to patient communication and education, furthermore, a specific examination methods (audiometry), the specifics of treatment (vasodilator infusions, hyperbaric oxygen therapy). The diversity in responses of patients to tintius, the impact of tinnitus on quality of life, needs and problems of patients with tinnitus - this all are the specifics, which nursing staff should know and adequately respond to them. The research shows, that the questioned nurses have general knowledge and skills in treating patients with tinnitus. They know the available investigative and therapeutic methods, problems of patients, know how to tinnitus evaluate and observe. Striking is the fact, that one interviewed nurse has had low professional skills with blood draw, venous catheter application and could not handle the preparation and application of a vasodilator infusion.
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Vector phase-sensitive measurement amplifier
Rejnuš, Milan ; Vlček, Čestmír (referee) ; Drexler, Petr (advisor)
The master’s thesis describes known methods of signal measurement using principle of synchronous detection. Various methods are presented, their principles are examined and the problems when using them are analyzed. Further, procedures for reduction of adverse effects are described also. Second part of this thesis is focused on the instrument design. The instrument is intended for detection and processing of the output signals in a given optometric system. The proposed device is designed to operate on the principle of synchronous detection method using a vector signal evaluation. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed below.
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