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The Importance of Verification Images during IMRT in the Area of Head and Neck.
MYSLÍKOVÁ, Petra
Tumours of the head and neck are the fifth most common cancers in the Czech Republic. Despite easily available medical examination and observable symptoms most patients come for treatment with various types of tumours in advanced phases which lowers their chance of being cured. The technique of IMRT has recently become the most often used curative method for the tumours of the head and neck, enabling better treatment of healthy tissues and critical organs in this area. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. In the first part, the areas of head and neck and the types of cancers found in these areas are analysed. The chapters concern symptoms, aetiology, diagnostics, prognosis and, of course, their treatment. Further, the common course of planning has been included and at the end of this part the history and presence of verification images is mentioned. The second part of this thesis includes objectives and a hypothesis. The objective of the thesis is to explore and evaluate portal verification images of target volume in tumours of the head and neck and compare these images with referential verification images as well as to state deviations in irradiation position and to prove the significance of verification images in the area of head and neck. This part also includes chapters describing methodology (with resources), and the course planning process in a patient using IMRT technology. Further, it includes the research result of the a collection of 50 patients with the tumours of the head and neck who were irradiated by IMRT technology and whose verification images of target volume were evaluated. The predicted objectives were fulfilled and the hypothesis was disproved. Verification portal images are made in oncology department once a week. I would suggest making verification portal images with a fixation mask at least twice a week in order to achieve better accuracy and control of the irradiation position.
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Design of Pick-up magazine for heavy milling heads
Malík, Tomáš ; Kukleta, Pavel (referee) ; Pavlík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to propose solutions to difficult conveyor NC milling head, the machine produced in CKD Blansko type SKD 63/70D. Movement lies in moving from the parking position to the plunger, where the head harness. Solutions include calculations to those proposals, select the most appropriate solutions and selected drawings.
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The effect IMRT technique by the head and neck tumors looking on the total dose in the organs at risk and the target volumes
WOLFOVÁ, Barbora
The effect IMRT technique by the head and neck tumors looking on the total dose in the organs at risk and the target volumes This work compares two techniques of planning radiotherapy in the head and neck areas. The technique used will be IMRT - Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy. The development of new technologies in radiotherapy equipment has also brought a wider range of methods of treating carcinomas. The IMRT technique represents a breakthrough in this process and that is why it is dealt with in this work as far as its advantages, as compared with conventional radiotherapy methods, are concerned. I have focused mainly on the distribution of doses in target volumes and critical organs, in particular in the salivary glands and the spinal chord. The region of the head and throat is an area containing the kinds of tissue with various sensitivity and tolerance to radiotherapy. The damage to such tissues has an enormous impact on the patient. That is why the region is a very suitable place for assessing the advantages of the IMRT as compared with conventional techniques. Ten plans from a set of patients suffering from tumour in the area of head and throat have been evaluated in this work by means of DVH (Dose Volume Histogram). The individual plans have been interpreted, conventional plans and IMRT ones separately. I have focused on comparing mean doses and the subsequent comparison of doses of 5 per cent and 95 per cent of the irradiated volume PTV, maximum doses on the spinal chord, and doses of 50 per cent of the irradiated volume of the salivary glands in the individual plans.
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Specifics of nursing care fot patients with tinitus
PÁNKOVÁ, Zuzana
Tinnitus is the technical term for an unpleasant perception of the inner sound source, i.e. for rustle, which may be known as the noise in the head, fizz and ringing in the ears. Symptoms of tinnitus feels about 15% of the population. At the age of 65 years it has been almost every second. Tinnitus is not itself considered as a disease, but as a symptom, which may be a sign of other health problems, mental and physical kind. We distinguish subjective and objective tinnitus. Objective can hear usually and another man, subjective not, it is actually audible hallucinations, which occurs in most cases. Tinnitus is considered one of the great mysteries of human ear. Exposure to intense noise increases the risk of its occurrence. For example, frequent stays in noisy ambience, such as concerts, music festivals, night clubs or listening to music players at high volume levels. An accompanying physical symptom is often a hearing loss. A possible cause may be even injuries of the head, neck, vascular disease, or just an ear inflammation. It is recommended to avoid foods with excessive levels of salt, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and some painkillers. For the diagnosis of tinnitus is required to undergo the complex medical examination, which includes a summary of the case history, medical examination and the audiological assessment. The first step is to visit a general practitioner and an otolaryngologist. Currently there is no approved drug specifically for the treatment of tinnitus. Most treatment options are based on the suppression of tinnitus, together with a reduction of stress. The patient can be helped by improving circulation in the blood vessels and in the cochlea. Therapy can also include elements of education, such as relaxation techniques and psychological therapy. There is the possibility of alternative treatments (acupuncture). This disease is due to its character very demanding on the psyche of the patient. People affected by tinnitus complain of impaired quality of rest and sleep, but also concentration, suffer mentally and physically. Often are they irritated and due to difficulties feel the uncomfortableness, what a relationship with their surroundings disturbs even more. They can have serious psychic problems. An integral part in the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus, is a nurse. Audiometric examination is carried out by an audiological nurse, aligns the body and the head during otoscopic examination, blood draw and obviously has great effect on the mental preparation of the patient. During therapy nurse establishes a peripheral venous catheter, it is responsible for the proper application of vasodilator infusions, which consists not only in knowledge of the principles of administration of the infusion, but also in the proper patient education. Specificity of a work of nurses in hyperbaric oxygen therapy follows from a technical background, and the need for special physical, mental training and patient education. Research investigations have revealed the specifics of nursing care for patients with tinnitus, the most important seems to patient communication and education, furthermore, a specific examination methods (audiometry), the specifics of treatment (vasodilator infusions, hyperbaric oxygen therapy). The diversity in responses of patients to tintius, the impact of tinnitus on quality of life, needs and problems of patients with tinnitus - this all are the specifics, which nursing staff should know and adequately respond to them. The research shows, that the questioned nurses have general knowledge and skills in treating patients with tinnitus. They know the available investigative and therapeutic methods, problems of patients, know how to tinnitus evaluate and observe. Striking is the fact, that one interviewed nurse has had low professional skills with blood draw, venous catheter application and could not handle the preparation and application of a vasodilator infusion.
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Development of finite element model of human vocal tract and space around the head based on data from computer tomography
Švarc, Martin ; Pellant, Karel (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with creating a computational model for acoustic wave propagation in vocal tract and the area near the head. The main objective of this work is to map the three-dimensional model of the human head as an additional acoustic environment for more accurate measurement of the human voice on the basis of data from computed tomography, the study of function of the vocal cords, biomechanics of the human voice and an overview of medical imaging techniques suitable for the display of biomechanical models. The grid for finite element method (FEM) will be created from solid geometry of the vocal tract (from the vocal cords to the lips) and the acoustic space near the human head. The grid will be created in order to obtain new knowledge about the different locations of a human head with microphone.
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Design of cutter head with Harmonic-Drive application
Tkadlec, Dušan ; Dosedla, Michal (referee) ; Holub, Michal (advisor)
This master´s work deal with design two axis cutter head with possible variants drive of axis. The part of this work is also technical– economics valuation of single variants, calculation torque and force from motor head and design taking head in two axis. Cutter head should be applicated to boring and cutting headstock given to type with posibility of adaptive exchenges spindle.
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Interaction Core - Melt by Casting of Cylinder Heads from Al Alloys in Semi-Permanent Moulds
Hlavsa, Petr ; Roučka, Jaromír (referee) ; Tegel, Michal (referee) ; Rusín, Karel (advisor)
This dissertation thesis deals with interactions on the interface core - melt by casting of cylinder heads from Al alloys in semi-permanent moulds and solves a specific problem with sticky sand after decoring of a diesel cylinder head casting. It describes in detail the process of core production using the Cold-Box method and process of casting using the progressive technology Rotacast. It theoretically analyses the reaction on the interface core-melt and presents a classification of surface defects by Al castings produced by gravity casting into semi-permanent moulds. It also states the results of technological tests of binders, core mixtures and cores (Cogas analysis). By solution of a problem with sticky sand in intake and exhaust ports of diesel cylinder head casting is used methodology for problem solving DMAIC. All experimental tests are solved in laboratory and production conditions of an international company dealing with casting of cylinder heads from Al alloys in semi-permanent moulds.
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School furniture in relation to the issue of poor posture of pupils in 1st and 2nd school classes in České Budějovice
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Pavlína
School furniture is one of the risk factors contributing to the formation and development of poor posture. I paid attention to pupils of the first and second years of primary school, because they present a high-risk group due to the sudden passage from a spontaneous physical activity to a long-term static strain at school. The aim of the study was to map the suitability of ergonomic parameters of school furniture for pupils of the first and second years of primary school and to assess its influence on the development of poor posture. I focused on the chair height, the seat depth, the backrest and the worktop height and angle. I also wanted to examine teachers' awareness on the issue of school furniture, the proper seating posture and possibilities to compensate the static strain of children. The research group consisted of 146 pupils of the first and second years of randomly selected primary schools in České Budějovice. The theoretical part was elaborated by the document content analysis, the research was done in three steps. First, the quantitative interview method through questionnaires distributed to the parents of respondents was used. This was followed by investigations in classes and the last step was to answer additional questions to teachers and the school management. The results show that 88% of respondents use ergonomically unsuitable furniture, there is a greater incidence of negative findings in the furniture of the first year pupils in all investigated parameters, except low chairs and worktops, but these are only present in inconsiderable numbers. A significant association was found between sub-standard school furniture and pains in the back, head, arms and legs, leading to the formation and development of poor posture. Teachers´ awareness of this issue is good, but in my opinion it is inadequate in terms prevention. Early preventive measures can affect the condition of the movement apparatus in adulthood. Family and school should be the first involved. But an equally important role should be played by pediatricians and professionals in the public health protection, who should act not only as an inspection, but mainly as an advisory body. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness of the general public and teachers on work chair and desk ergonomics, the proper seating posture and possibilities for a long-term static strain compensation.
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Computer Interface Based on User's Head Position
Chmiel, Filip ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Beran, Vítězslav (advisor)
This paper presents the method for a head pose and orientation detection based on computer vision techniques. The method is based on the AdaBoost approach for initial face recognition and the optical flow technique for further object tracking. The detection results are further interpreted and stabilized. The method is designed for usage in designing and building the innovative user interfaces.
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