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Impacts of predation on dynamics of an age-structured population: mathematical modelling and applications
PAVLOVÁ, Viola
Predation is one of the basic mechanisms of population growth control. Using a mathematical model, we explore the impact of predation in a prey population structured into two age classes, juveniles and adults, assuming a generalist predator. The specific predation pressure is represented for each of the two age classes by either no predation or Holling type II or Holling type III functional responses in various combinations. We distinguish two scenarios. In the first one, we seek for potential Allee effects or multiple stable states in the prey population, and explore the conditions at which the predation is more effective on juveniles than adults and vice versa. The most interesting finding here is the occurrence of bistability, or a predator-pit-like behaviour, when predators consume only juvenile prey, via a Holling type II functional response, an observation not described previously. In case only adults or both age classes are killed by predators exhibiting a type II functional response, the Allee effect occurs frequently. Multiple positive stable states are commonly observed if one of the age classes is exploited via a type III functional response. In the second scenario, we assume that the prey feeds on a resource and that the resource together with the prey undergoes outbreak dynamics, and we examine possibilities of control of such outbreaks using age-specific predation. Predation was proven to be able to suppress the prey population successfully. In some cases, an oscillation-free resource-prey-predator coexistence was detected.
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Converting of juvenile zander (Sander lucioperca) to artificial diet (preliminary results)
Baránek, V. ; Mareš, J. ; Prokeš, Miroslav ; Jirásek, J. ; Spurný, P.
Weaning success of pond-reared zander (Zander lucioperca) fry was evaluated using three different converting methods: direct converting to dry feed (Bio-Optimal Start 0.5-0.8 mm) – variant A, three– day application of semi-moist feeding mixture on the base of fish – variant B and three-day application of semi-moist mixture + three-day co-feeding of semi-moist mixture and dry feed. These methods were evaluated regarding specific growth rate (SGR), Fulton´s factor of weight condition (FWC), survival and cannibalism. The average onset total length of fish was 35.22 ± 2.15 mm and the average individual weight was 0.31 ± 0.05 g. There were 600 individuals in each circular tank. The initial stock density was 0.62 g.l-1 (2 fish.l-1). The water temperature during this experiment fluctuated in intervals 22 – 24oC. Fish survival during a 14-day period of rearing ranged from 34.33% [C] to 50.33% [A]. Variant A and B were achieved better weaning performance than variant C regarding all parameters.
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European judicial space: Brussels I Regulation
Tejralová, Pavlína ; Hásová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Grmelová, Nicole (referee)
The theme of my diploma thesis is one of the most important judicial acts of European private international law of civil procedure - Brussels I Regulation. The aim of my thesis was to analyse the Regulation from many views with an emphasis on the jurisprudence of European Court of Justice and of domestic national courts. First part of the thesis aims to describe the whole legal branch of european private international law of civil procedure and therefore place the Regulation in the context of the whole legal branch. second part of the thesis deals with the Regulation in its entirety and desribes every single article of the Regulation and tries to determine the boundaries of its application and interpretation. The last, third part, states othre relevant legal acts related to Regulation which are considered to be its alternative, and sums up the pros and cons of their application.
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Protection of human foetus
Holub, Adam ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
Protection of human foetus - summary The thesis gives a detailed analysis of the extent and standard of protection of the human foetus in the Czech legal system, concentrating on the aspects of criminal law. In the introductory part it presents a brief chronological survey of the synopses of the most significant instruments which constitute the subject of the thesis. The legal institutions concerned are - in the minimum necessary extent - put in the context of several key international agreements, with the emphasis laid on the provisions of the Convention on Biomedicine whose concept significantly influenced that of the Czech medical law. Also the role of civil law and its connection - both as regards the terminology and content - with the other relevant provisions of the legal system are briefly mentioned in the third chapter. However, the thesis focuses mainly on criminal law and therefore its greatest part is concerned with the means by which criminal code guarantees the protection of human foetus. Not only does it give a survey of selected criminal offences and their matters of issue, but it also underlines their connection with the provisions of the first part of the law in question as far as the interpretation and application are concerned. A brief separate chapter deals with the connection of...
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The application of alternative dispute resolution methods in the exercise of conusumer rights and resolution of consumer disputes
Teplá, Jana ; Smolík, Petr (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Judicial protection is considered as the basic civilian right guaranteed by many of international conventions and constitutions of particular states, which is necessary in cases of endangering or breach of law. Although it is the basic safeguard, some of the infringed relationships need another technique of their solving (especially family, labour or neighbourlyrelationships). Among these ranks the consumer relationship - relations between consumers and traders. This relationship has a specific character - it is imbalanced. The consumer is economically weaker and less experienced in legal matters than the other party to the contract - the trader. Many consumers refrain from taking action in case of infringement of their right because of certain problems associated with court procedures in consumer disputes, such as high fees, long delays and cumbersome procedures; outgoings exceed the value of claim. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the enforcement of consumer rights and increase access to justice, there were set up special out-of-court procedures. These use various alternative dispute methods which are denoted as structured methods of resolving disputes other than formal court based adjudication, such as mediation, arbitration and conciliation which facilitate consumer access to justice....
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Extraordinary Appeal in Prosecution
Danielová, Kateřina ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Fenyk, Jaroslav (referee)
133 Summary: The topic of this advanced thesis is extraordinary appeal in prosecution and its characteristics as an extraordinary legal remedy not only separately, but also in the context of complaint of illegality, reopening of trial and constitutional complaint. The introduction of the thesis briefly outlines the history of legal remedies from the Middle Ages to Act No 64/1956 Coll. - Penal Code, which was a direct predecessor of the current penal code from 1961. This chapter on the history is included in the volume in order to make the reader aware of the time required for the development of legal culture to attain review activities by higher level courts on the basis of both regular and extraordinary legal remedies. Extraordinary appeal as an extraordinary legal remedy is subject to the principles of criminal prosecution, not only to general ones going through the entire prosecution process, but also to specific ones, which are typical for legal remedies only; that is why this thesis includes also a chapter on principals of prosecution. The core chapter of this thesis on extraordinary appeal is structured in subchapters following the sectional structure of the Penal Code and the theoretical explanation of this field includes also an overview of applicable practice by the Supreme Court and the...
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Home arrest in the first year of the effectiveness of the new Criminal Code. First experience of the application practice, compared with the treatment and practice in Germany
Krchňavá, Zuzana ; Válková, Helena (advisor) ; Hulmáková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with home arrest, its legal regulation in the new Criminal Code of the Czech Republic and its application practice in the first year of effectiveness, taking into account the amendment of this regulation in the second year of effectiveness and at the same time providing a comparison with the treatment and practice in Germany. For a better understanding of the topic, the thesis introduces at the beginning the new division of criminal offences according to their seriousness and the system of sanctions brought up by the new Criminal Code. The thesis then deals with home arrest as a new alternative punishment; the aim of alternative punishments is outlined and the historical regulations on the home arrest are stated there for the sake of interest. The main part of this thesis is represented by chapters dealing with legal regulations on home arrest and its execution, taking into account the recent amendment of this law. After that, the thesis deals in detail with controlling the home arrest execution by the Czech Probation and Mediation Service workers and with shortcomings of the controlling resulting from the missing electronic monitoring. In the following part, treatment and practice of home arrest in Germany is described as compared to the legal regulations in the Czech Republic....
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Comparison of the Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations and the Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)
Kutová, Karolina ; Dobiáš, Petr (referee) ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor)
79 Summary The purpose of my thesis is to analyse Rome Convention and Rome I Regulation and find out the differences between them. The reason for my research is arising amount of contracts with international elements and my interest in European Private International Law. The thesis is composed of three parts, each of them dealing with different aspects of the problem. Part One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The part is subdivided into two chapters. Chapter One describes Private International Law and explains the notion, methods of regulation, conflict rules and connecting factors in general and choice of law. Chapter Two deals with the notion European Private International Law, its meaning, and its sources of law and discusses application of Private International Law. Part Two compares particular legal institutes of Convention and Regulation except contracts with weaker contractual party. The Part consists of eight chapters. They are focused on legal base, applicability, international element, statutes of obligation and its limitations, some questions of International Private Law, role of Court of Justice, relationship to other legal tools, and special position of some member states. Part Three is subdivided into two chapters and summarized all knowledge. Chapter One...
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