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Social Aspect in Income Tax for Selected Households
TICHÁ, Lenka
The aim of this work is to identify development income tax burden as a result of changes in laws and amount of income for the selected type of household, divided by income groups within five years. The work is divided into two parts ? thoretical and practical. The theoretical part discribes the basic concpets regarding the division of family, the subsistence minimum and the average wages. Also includes information about the natural person income tax. The practical part includes a description of the selected type of household (family without children in the four income situations) and own calculations of tax liability this family within five years.
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Geodynamic evolution and emplacement of Eisgarn - type granitoids (Moldanubian Batholith)
Paclíková, Jana ; Verner, Kryštof (advisor) ; Franěk, Jan (referee)
English abstract This diploma thesis deals mainly with identification of magmatic (respectively magnetic) fabrics, geodynamical aspects of emplacement and geochronology of the Eisgarn granitoids. For the analysis Klenov and Mrákotín pluton were chosen, which is placed in the eastern part of the Moldanubian Batholith. This thesis contains petrological and mezoscopic structural analysis of the host metamorphic rocks of the Moldanubian Unit and it includes calculation of P-T conditions of the main mineral assemblage. This is followed by petrological, geochemical and mezoscopic structural analysis of the Klenov and Mrákotín pluton and analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, geochronology of the Klenov pluton, gravimetry analysis and determination of the orientation of density interfaces in different depths. Granitoids of the Klenov and Mrákotín pluton are characterized as S-type granitoids, whose protolith were probably metasedimentary rocks. From the analysis it is also evident that the Klenov pluton records lower degree of magma fractionation than the Mrákotín pluton. The emplacement and crystallization of both studied magmatic bodies took place in cooperation with a development of regional metamorphic fabrics, which originate between 329 and 327 Ma. During this period a rapid exhumation of...
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The Role of Nurse in the Prevention of Disease of Civilisation
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
The current state Prevention is a complex care of a patient when we are trying to prevent from the occurrence or development of a disease, or when we want to prevent from its consequences and mitigate them. Recommendations for prevention set by a doctor must be on a scientific basis, and they must be a part of all branches of medicine. Their effectiveness depends on the cooperation between patients and medical staff. The basic and most efficient method of prevention is the health promotion and health education, which is closely associated with it. The term health promotion involves a set of activities and precautions for the purpose of making health better and sustaining it. Diseases of civilisation (hereinafter "DoC") are groups of diseases which are distinguished by their association to our lifestyles. Human body is more and more threatened from unfavourable influences of external environment, such as the quality of atmosphere, work environment and environment itself, the lack of physical movement, unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The list of diseases of civilisation varies and changes together with our society and the development of our lifestyles. Among the most common or frequent diseases of current time are cardiovascular diseases, which involve atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease and obesity. Furthermore, between civilization diseases include diabetes mellitus type 2 or cancer, etc. The goal of the thesis There are two goals set for this paper. The first goal was to find out what the role of a nurse in the prevention of diseases of civilisation was. The second goal was to find out what the above mentioned role of a nurse was from the point of view of patients. Methodology For the purpose of the research part of this thesis, qualitative research using semistructured interviews was carried out. Respondents were divided into two groups; the first one consisted of eight nurses working at internal medicine and neurological department of the hospital in České Budějovice and a nurse working in a private office of a general practitioner for adult patients. The second group consisted of eight patients of the above mentioned health facilities. Results According to our findings, nurses and patients have different oppinions on the role of a nurse. Nurses in disease prevention see themselves as an equivalent to a doctor when undertaking this practice and giving guidance. The patient speaks only to the nurse who emphasized what they were told by the doctor and reiterated the main points. They make available to them leaflets and brochures or Internet resources. In contrast, most patients see a nurse as a more important source of information than the doctor. Patients have the feeling that the doctor does not have enough time or does not want to be botherd with questions. Rather the patient turns to his nurse, which they sees as more appropriate and someone to whom they can confide in without bothering. Summary The goal of the thesis was to focus on prevention, DoC, and the role of a nurse in the prevention of such diseases, as well as to study this issue, look at it from the point of view of patients and nurses via the interviews carried out in this paper, and to analyse such information. Based on this analysis are published recommendations for nurses and patients.
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Nutritional care about immobile patient on standard department of internal type
AMBLEROVÁ, Michaela
Nutritional care for immobile clients at a standard department of internal type becomes still more important, because nutritional care is important for maintaining good health and supporting quality of life. Nutritional status of immobile clients is very important to diagnose as early as possible in order to avoid all risks of potential complications. Adequate nutrition is also very important to maintain good mental health. The central objective of this work was to explore the specifics of nursing care in the field of nutritional care for immobile client at a standard department of internal type. Following this goal, three research questions were set up: How is the nutritional status of patients at a standard department of internal type assessed? What are the possibilities of application of nutrition for immobile client at a standard department of internal type? What are the specifics of nursing care in the fields of nutrition of immobile client at a standard department of internal type? The empirical part of the thesis was processed using qualitative research, which was realized through semi-structured interview technique. The interview contained 3134 questions, which focused on nutrition care for immobile clients on standard unit of internal type. The research sample consisted of nurses working in the standard department of internal type in the České Budějovice Hospital, a.s. Overall, this study leads to two findings, both positive and negative. Within the positive findings we can say that nurses provide adequate care in the application of nutrition per os. Negative findings relates to the fact that the interviewed nurses provide only basic care in case of the introduction of enteral and parenteral nutrition. They do not know more detailed specifics of enteral and parenteral nutrition. Based on this finding, we think it would be useful to organize regular seminars and trainings for nurses to expand their knowledge about this type of care, or at least remind it. This thesis can serve as an informational material for nurses in practice or students of other health professions. This work can serve also as a basis for further research.
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Analysis of cars with different power units
Filipová, Helena ; Linda, Miloslav (advisor) ; Libich, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis and selection of vehicles with various power units. The analysis is performed on the VW Golf seventh generation ( Mk7 ), which is manufactured with five different power units: gasoline, diesel, electric motor, hybrid (electric motor and gasoline) and compressed natural gas (CNG). For the car selection multicriterial decision method was chosen.
The purpose of this thesis is to select the best type of vehicle for both the users driving daily to work and those driving long distance routes. The first criterion for the selection was the economic aspect, the cheapest vehicle calculated from the purchase price, maintenance and operating costs. To the second selection became involved people in the questionnaire survey.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Maternal behaviour in Giraffes (Giraffidae)
Gloneková, Markéta ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor) ; Luděk, Luděk (referee)
Allomaternal care is one of the most interesting types of cooperation among females. Its most extreme form is allonursing, nursing of a non-filial young, which is still not completely understood, even though many hypotheses have been postulated. This type of cooperation among giraffes had not been expected for long time. This was based on the initial opinion that giraffes do not have social system and form only weak social bonds. However, my bachelor and master theses showed high occurrence of allonursing in captive giraffes.
The first aim (1) of this thesis was to test all possible hypotheses explaining allonursing in captive giraffes. However, a lot of the information needed to test them were missing, which resulted in the formulation of further aims. The second aim (2) was to test the hierarchy in captive giraffes. The third aim (3) was to describe the growth and weight of captive giraffes. The fourth aim (4) was to compare nursing patterns in the zoo and in the nature reserve Bandia, Senegal and the last aim (5) was to test the social bonds among giraffes in the nature reserve Bandia, Senegal.
(1) From 2007 to 2011, the nursing behaviour of 24 females and 37 calves was observed. Eighty-three percent of the females allonursed a nonfilial calf and 86.5% of calves allosuckled from a nonmaternal female. Allonursing in giraffes was explained by milk-theft from the point of view of the calves and possible reciprocity among females. (2) The agonistic interactions of 31 giraffes were recorded in four herds. A linear hierarchy was been found among giraffes and rank was significantly affected by age and time spent in the herd. (3) The weight data from 43 giraffes in Prague zoo were collected from 2009 to 2013 and provided the basic information about giraffe growth and weight. (4) I also observed the nursing behaviour of seven and four female-calf pairs in the fenced Bandia reserve, Senegal, and in Prague zoo, respectively, both for 22 days. The differences in nursing patterns were likely to reflect anti-predator behaviour, the population density of animals and the distribution of food resources. (5) Finally, I investigated the social preferences of 28 introduced giraffes in semi-captivity in the nature reserve Bandia, Senegal and provided the results supporting the existence of a fission fusion social system among giraffes with social preferences among adult females.
The overall results provide unique findings on allonursing in general as well as changing our perspective on giraffe social behaviour.
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Optimization of microclimate parameters in dairy farms, while reducing the energy consumption of selected technological systems
Češpiva, Miroslav ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Ján, Ján (referee)
Thesis is focused on the measurement and evaluation of microclimate parameters in barns for dairy farming and the determination of the energy consumptions of selected technologies in these barns. The aim of this work was to design and eventually to implement adjustments in order to improve the parameters of cowshed microclimate and reducing the energy consumption of selected technologies in depends on results of the measurements. Three structurally different cowsheds with different slurry clearing technologies were selected for monitoring. I focused on the measurement of temperature and relative humidity in relation to temperature- humidity index and its impact on heat stress on dairy cows. I measured airflow in the cowsheds and I determinate concentrations and emissions of ammonia and methane in the cowsheds in different seasons. I monitored light intensity in the cowsheds and I determined the dependence of building solutions on the use of outdoor light to illuminate the interior of the barns. The energy consumption of the lighting system depending on the season and the consumption of additional fans on the air temperature were studied.
On the bases of results of the experimental part I designed and implemented lighting system, controlled by light intensity in a cowshed and energy-saving ventilation in the cowshed - type K105. I suggested a system of continuously monitoring of climatic parameters in the cowshed with immediate calculation of temperature- humidity index.
Measurements have shown the dependence of gases concentrations on the way of slurry clearing technologies. The building solutions of cowsheds and type of ventilation proved a significant influence on the temperature- humidity index during the summer.
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Structure, development and growing spruce-beech stands in the western Giant Mountains
Bulušek, Daniel ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
The subject of dissertation is to evaluate the structure, development and silviculture spruce-beech stands in the western Giant Mountains and design of differentiated silviculture of these stand in similar environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the structure of trees natural regeneration and the structure of tree layer, evaluate their current development and to predict future developments and based on detailed analysis of habitat and stand conditions to propose a framework directive management of the studied stands and stands located in similar habitat and stand conditions in the Giant Mountains. For this purpose were used primarily permanent research plots (PRP) 1, 2, 8, 9 and 35 with the dimensions of 50 × 50 m, which were established and regularly monitored since 1980 (PRP 1, 2, 8 and 9), PRP 35 were established in 2004 and a number of other sub-plots. For the evaluation of natural regeneration was on each research plot marked transects 50 × 5 m (250 m2). Measurement of the natural regeneration included all individuals present at the individual transects, whose diameter breast-height diameter was smaller than 7 cm. After measuring all the data was evaluated spatial, species, height and thickness structure. To evaluate the tree layer were measured all individuals on permanent research plot with breast-height diameter greater or equal than 7 cm. The measured data were subsequently evaluated by mathematical-statistical methods. Visualization of the tree layer and development simulation was performed using the growth simulator biodynamic of forest SIBYLA. The results show that the structure stands was on individual permanent research plots very variable. Variability occurred in natural regeneration even within individual transects. Significant differences are evident in the development of stands that provide space for a wide range of near natural differentiated care within of stands type and individual types and subtypes of forest development.
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Qualitative evaluation of production and qualitative increment in stands at forest district Klokočná
Švec, Otakar ; Remeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Pulkrab, Karel (referee)
This thesis investigates the production and economic characteristics of forest stands in transformation process from even-aged forest stands to irregular forest stands. In the research area of Forest District Klokočná originally pure pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) stands are being transformed to stands with complex forest structure characterized by selection harvest with the purpose of production and struc-tural equilibrium. Data was collected from eighteen 0.25 ha study plots; nine of them on forest develop-ment type (FDP) A -- acidic forest sites (predominantly 3K - Querceto-Fagetum aci-dophilum) and nine on FDP B -- waterlogged forest sites (predominantly 4P - Querce-to-Abietum variohumidum acidophilum). Within each study plot all woody stems of diameter more than 10 cm were measured. For each stem, the diameter in mm at 1.3 m above ground (dbh), the total height and the crown height (hypsometer Vertex, accuracy 0.1 m) were measured. For selected trees in particular diameter classes increment cores were sampled. For each FDP and stand structural segment a set of trees was sampled before and after the harvest and local assortment tables were crated for spruce and pine. Based on sampled data, financial value of standing timber, annual value incre-ment and target diameter for spruce and pine were calculated. Based on research results it is shown that lower homogeneity of forest stands has led to higher diameter increment of individual trees. On the contrary, negative effect of higher structural complexity of forest stands is lower quality of spruce timber in the range of 3 -- 4% per 1 m3. Generally better quality of pine and spruce timber, and thus also higher value, was confirmed for the FDP A. In this FDP target diameters for both investigated tree species are 8 -- 13 cm higher than for FDP B. It is concluded that forest transformation has strong impact on the production and eco-nomic characteristics of forest stands in the Forest District Klokočná, nevertheless studied forest stands still cannot be considered as stands with ideal selection structure in production and economic optimum. For future transformation efforts model charac-teristics differentiated according to site and structural characteristics are needed.
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