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The effect of climate change and land use change on the long-term population trends of birds in the Czech Republic
Koschová, Michaela ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
There are number of future projections of species' geographic ranges developed under conditions of ongoing climate change. However, only a few studies have assessed what are the characteristics of species explaining interspecific variability in the projected range shifts. Examination of such relationships is important for development of effective conservation strategies mitigating the effects of climatic changes. For this purpose, I calculated the predicted shifts of European ranges in Czech birds based on maps in A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds and explored relationships between these predicted shifts and several ecological traits. We found significant effects of the type of European distribution and habitat requirements. Concerning the type of European distribution, the largest shift is predicted in the central species and the northern species compared to widespread and southern species. According to the habitat type, the largest shift showed forest birds in contrast to the urban species which will shift slightly. The former pattern is probably attributable to spatial constrains different among these specific groups (central species are less limited compared to widespread species). The latter pattern could be explained by higher sensitivity of forest species to climatic changes...
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Changes of landscape structure and scattered greenery in the Jistebnicko region
Štěpán, Jan ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The landscape has been profoundly affected by human activity for centuries and the consequences of this interference have been growing in scale with the rising demands of modern society. The processes leading to the landscape's homogeneity, or, on the other hand, its fragmentation, have been focus of many studies which then allow us to understand how the landscape functions in its entirety and are also significant for the process of spatial planning on the local level. The aim of this theses is to assess the changes done to land cover an landscape's (micro)structure with special focus on scattered greenery (non-forest woody vegetation), as well as to examine how these changes have been mapped into the cadastral municipality of Cunkov, located in the Jistebnická vrchovina highlands, throughout the last 180 years. It is then possible to analyze these changes using the GIS and historical materials from three time periods which were beforehand selected - the years 1840, 1953 and 2019. Microstructure of the landscape plays an essential role in landscape's dynamics and for its ecologic stability.
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Digitalizace historických map a jejich využití pro sledování změn v katastrálním území Polička
Bidmon, Pavel
This bachelor thesis deals with digitization of historical maps and their usage for tracking changes in the cadastral area of Polička. The basic source for digitalization are used maps from second military mapping (1836 - 1852), current basic map of the Czech Republic 1 : 10 000 and orthophoto. The maps have been digitized in ArcMap ESRI. Digitized maps are compared. Observations are focused on changes in the area of interest is mainly on the size of areas for built up area, arable land, permanent grassland, forests, water area, but also the length of the road and rail and length of watercourses. The conclusion of this thesis describes how the landscape elements in the monitored area changed over the years.
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History and present state of the landscape of the former fish pond system in the drainage basin of the Opatovický kanál channel (Central and Eastern Bohemia)
Leglerová, Anna ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pavelková, Renata (referee)
This work is focused on the dynamics of landscape change of fish pond system in Polabí region, specifically the drainage basin of the channel Opatovický kanál. Theoretical part provides information about origin, development and present state of fish pond system. Experimental part provides the mapping of ponds in five time periods covering the epoch between the 18th and the 21st century. Information about ponds in the 16th and the 17th century are provided as well but without pond areas. The reason for their absence is insufficiency of sources. Development of the area and quantity of ponds is discussed as well as land use and land cover change on the extinct pond areas. Finally, application of the fish pond development knowledge in landscape planning and revitalization are discussed based on the information gained by the mapping and research. Key words: fish pond systems, land cover, land use, landscape changes, Polabí region, drainage basin of the channel Opatovický kanál
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The influence of land cover and its change on distribution and species composition of raptors in the Czech Republic
Černá, Hana ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The Influence of Land Cover and Its Change on Distribution and Species Composition of Raptors in the Czech Republic Abstract Bird species diversity and distribution in relation to a variety of factors have been the subject of numerous works. So far, none of these studies have dealt with an individual order of birds, and this is why I decided to undertake this type of research. The main theme of my work is the extent to which land cover and particularly its perpetual changes influence the local species of raptors. In the introductory part, I outline the character of the changes on the territory of the Czech Republic in the years 1970-2000 and describe their influence on the distribution and diversity of raptors. An analysis of historical and current data concerning the above mentioned period follows, the chief objective being to evaluate all the aspects of dependence of raptors on the past and present state of the landcover in the Czech Republic. The dependence of diversity of raptors on the diversity of land cover has been proved.
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The effect of climate change and land use change on the long-term population trends of birds in the Czech Republic
Koschová, Michaela ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
There are number of future projections of species' geographic ranges developed under conditions of ongoing climate change. However, only a few studies have assessed what are the characteristics of species explaining interspecific variability in the projected range shifts. Examination of such relationships is important for development of effective conservation strategies mitigating the effects of climatic changes. For this purpose, I calculated the predicted shifts of European ranges in Czech birds based on maps in A Climatic Atlas of European Breeding Birds and explored relationships between these predicted shifts and several ecological traits. We found significant effects of the type of European distribution and habitat requirements. Concerning the type of European distribution, the largest shift is predicted in the central species and the northern species compared to widespread and southern species. According to the habitat type, the largest shift showed forest birds in contrast to the urban species which will shift slightly. The former pattern is probably attributable to spatial constrains different among these specific groups (central species are less limited compared to widespread species). The latter pattern could be explained by higher sensitivity of forest species to climatic changes...
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Landscape memory in local memory - Borová district
Jirková, Lucie ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Bachelor thesis compares the actual change of landscape, shown on different historical and present maps, to local residents perception of those changes. The bachelor thesis focuses on local residents, who remember the period of collectivization and normalization. This thesis is focused mostly on changes between 1953 and 2014, in which ortophotomaps, that show the actual state the best, were made. Sources, used in this work, were map of stable cadastre, ortophotomaps, chronicles, paintings, photographs, data for GIS from LUCC Czechia database and interviews with residents.
Interviews with local residents were performed during the period of December 2015 to February 2016. Those interviews were semi-structured and were focused on the period of the 30s, 40s and 50s of the 20th century, which is the period of biggest changes in the landscape structure.
Information from those interviews were compared to information from Stable cadastre map and ortophotomaps from years 1953 and 2014, which show the real state the best.
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Digitalizace historických map a jejich využití pro sledování změn v katastrálním území Dobšice
Rychtecká, Iva
In this bachelor thesis I am dealing with problem of landscape in selected locality, its description, usage and the influence of human beings. After the assessment I chose the historic map. The map is from the time period of collectivization, when the mapping took place in years 1954 -- 1955, therefore the first Czechoslovakian military mapping. In the bachelor thesis I describe the natural changes, climate, flora and fauna, geology and among other things the history of cadastral area of village Dobsice. With help of program AreGIS I created the maps of the current used area, which are differentiated by the colour spectrum. I used the same procedure for the historical map.
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Trvale udržitelná krajina území obce Ostrov u Macochy
Marek, Pavel
The aim of the bachelor thesis is evaluate changes of the area called Ostrov u Macochy in landscape development. This text is mainly about socialistic landscape, which is compared with the present landscape of the locality. The changes of landscape of this area are evaluated by comparing actual materials with historic materials. The comparison is made by historic aerial photographs and by historic photographs with actual materials. The results are confronted by respondents (local people). They answered the questions about landscape of the locality. The comparison says that the actual landscape is affected mainly by socialistic grouping of the lands and also by constant extension of the area. This fact was agreed by respondents. It is mainly Správa CHKO who takes care about Vykydalova stráň and Ostrovská plošina by grassing over. This activity supports sustainable landscape. The opinion of the respondents is that the landscape's future of the area is addicted to local people.
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