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Possibilities of elimination of sulfonamides from the aquatic ecosystem
Suková, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the determination of sulfonamide antibiotics especially the possibility of elimination of these substances from the aquatic ecosystem. Nowadays, environmental contamination of the pharmaceuticals and their residues is a serious concern. Main sources of this contamination are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where these compounds are not effectively removed by contemporary conventional technology. For this reason, new methods are being developed and tested that could eliminate the number of contaminants entering the environment in this way. There is a possibility to use the potential of the enzymatic system of wood-decay fungi, especially white rot fungi. Six representatives of sulfonamide antibiotics were selected and isolated from the aquatic matrix via solid phase extraction. The final identification and quantification method was high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Monitoring of the concentration level of selected sulfonamide antibiotics at the inflow and effluent at the Brno-Modřice WWTP was carried out weekly. Moreover, the effectiveness of elimination of selected antibiotics from the aquatic ecosystem by the use of Trametes versicolor wood-decay fungi cultured on a suitable carrier was verified.
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Biodegradace azobarviv působením hub bílé hniloby
Bírošíková, Paulína
White rot fungi, belonging to wood decay fungi have the ability to degra-de complex aromatic structures such as lignin or pollutants with an aromatic structure (tetracyclines, endocrine disruptors) via extracellular ligninolytic enzymes. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes containing aromatic rings with bonded substituents lin-ked by an azo group. Fungi are able to degrade these structures, whereas decrease of dye is observed, called decolorization. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to de-termine the degradation ability of three types of azo dyes (methylene red, tartrazine and azorubin) using ten types of white rot fungi. Cultivation of individual fungi with the dyes was carried out for twenty-four days, during which the absorbance was monitored using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer at intervals of every other working day. The colour loss was calculated from the measured values and the decoloriza-tion values were expressed graphically as a percentages. The selected fungi showed the greatest decolorization of tartrazine on the second day of the experiment, an average of 89%, except for the fungus Fomes fomentarius, for which dye decoloriza-tion was not observed. In contrast, the least degraded dye was azorubin, an average of 37% at the end of the experiment for most fungi species. Methylene red showed the most stable decolorization trend, with an average of 77% at the end of the me-asurement. The effect of decolorization was influenced by the structure of the azo dyes and the efficiency of specific fungal species.
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Production of lignin-degrading enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Péčiová, Bianka ; Hudečková, Helena (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the study of the production of ligninolytic enzymes produced by the mold P. chrysosporium and subsequently their immobilization. The theoretical part describes the selected production microorganism, principles of action of ligninolytic enzymes (lignin-peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase) and methods of their immobilization. In the experimental part, optimal conditions of the production of ligninolytic enzymes by P. chrysosporium were monitored as a composition of culture medium with different glucose content and with using two different inducers: lignin and guaiacol. During the 14-day cultivation cycles, the enzyme activity of lignin-peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase was monitored on each day of cultivation. Based on the optimized enzyme production procedure, the enzymes were subsequently immobilized by various methods: by method of forming enzyme aggregates (CLEA), adsorption on bacterial cellulose (BC) and a combination of both (CLEA + BC). The CLEA method proved to be the most effective, but there was problem with isolation of enzyme aggregates. Therefore, immobilization on bacterial cellulose associated with the enzymes aggregates was chosen as the most advantageous. With this method, the operational stability of the immobilized enzymes was monitored in 7 consecutive reaction cycles. Subsequently, CLEA and CLEA with BC were used to modify the model phenolic substance, where the alkali lignin was selected. For both sets of immobilizers was confirmed the effect of the enzymes on the lignin structure by measuring the molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (PI).
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Possibilities of elimination of sulfonamides from the aquatic ecosystem
Suková, Petra ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the determination of sulfonamide antibiotics especially the possibility of elimination of these substances from the aquatic ecosystem. Nowadays, environmental contamination of the pharmaceuticals and their residues is a serious concern. Main sources of this contamination are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where these compounds are not effectively removed by contemporary conventional technology. For this reason, new methods are being developed and tested that could eliminate the number of contaminants entering the environment in this way. There is a possibility to use the potential of the enzymatic system of wood-decay fungi, especially white rot fungi. Six representatives of sulfonamide antibiotics were selected and isolated from the aquatic matrix via solid phase extraction. The final identification and quantification method was high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Monitoring of the concentration level of selected sulfonamide antibiotics at the inflow and effluent at the Brno-Modřice WWTP was carried out weekly. Moreover, the effectiveness of elimination of selected antibiotics from the aquatic ecosystem by the use of Trametes versicolor wood-decay fungi cultured on a suitable carrier was verified.
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