|
|
Selected Bacterial and Viral Infections Transmitted through Sexual Contact
Tesařová, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Selected bacterial and viral infections transmitted through sexual contact The abstract This thesis deals with selected bacterial and viral venereal disease. It is an STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) transmitted mainly through sexual contact. The elaborated retrieval work deals with the occurrence of these selected infections - chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts and cervical cancer. Its task is a summary of the issue of sexually transmitted diseases, a detailed introduction to current information and results of scientific research. The attention is paid to the individual diseases, the general characteristics of viruses or bacteria, symptoms and mode of transmission. Further the study points to ways of diagnosis and treatment, epidemiological incidence of infection. Last but not least the emphasis is on prevention. Keywords: sexually transmitted disease, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV / AIDS, genital herpes, genital wals, cervical cancer
|
|
|
Selected Bacterial and Viral Infections Transmitted through Sexual Contact
Tesařová, Kateřina ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Selected bacterial and viral infections transmitted through sexual contact The abstract This thesis deals with selected bacterial and viral venereal disease. It is an STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) transmitted mainly through sexual contact. The elaborated retrieval work deals with the occurrence of these selected infections - chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts and cervical cancer. Its task is a summary of the issue of sexually transmitted diseases, a detailed introduction to current information and results of scientific research. The attention is paid to the individual diseases, the general characteristics of viruses or bacteria, symptoms and mode of transmission. Further the study points to ways of diagnosis and treatment, epidemiological incidence of infection. Last but not least the emphasis is on prevention. Keywords: sexually transmitted disease, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV / AIDS, genital herpes, genital wals, cervical cancer
|
|
|
VACCINATION OF MEDICAL WORKERS ON THE SELECTED HOSPITAL WARDS AGAINST VIRUS HEPATITIS B
KOŽENÁ, Martina
This Bachelor's work is summary of questions of viral hepatitis B touch the medical workers. Theoretical part describe causal agent of VHB, his clinical progression, diagnostic and treatment for VHB. In the next section we point at prevention which is very important. This contains preventive measures, vaccination, prophylaxis and repressive measures. Problems of epidemiology such as VHB transmission, world and Czech occurrence, incidence of VHB on medical workers at least describes the third section. In the practical part was find out vaccination against viral hepatitis B and explored the occurrence of viral hepatitis B.
|
|
|
Viral hepatitis B at i.v. drug users {--} health and social issues
SOUČKOVÁ, Iveta
The bachelor thesis has been focused on monitoring the prevalence of viral hepatitis B in the South Bohemian Region in the period from 2005 to 2009 years. Intravenous drug users are the target group since they belong to the risk group jeopardized by this infection. The thesis has got two basic parts {--} a theoretical part and a research one. The theoretical part describes not only a history of this dangerous disease and its prevalence in the world, but it also concentrates on the basic epidemiological characteristics, treatment, health as well as social and economic impacts on the whole society. In the theoretical part I drew from the available literature and from the existing legislation. An aim of the research part of the bachelor thesis was to map an incidence of viral hepatitis B in the South Bohemian Region in the period from 2005 to 2009 years at intravenous drug users. Three hypotheses were established in order to identify the objectives; it was chosen a quantitative research with a technique of a secondary data analysis from Epidat system for their confirmation or refutation. Altogether 199 electronic screening sheets of intravenous drug users reported by the Regional Public Health Watch in České Budějovice were analyzed. The research established the first hypothesis, which assumed that the overall incidence of viral hepatitis B at the intravenous users in the South Bohemian Region in the period from 2005 to 2009 years is the same, as it is in the Czech Republic. This hypothesis was confirmed. Likewise, the second hypothesis was verified; it assumed a higher prevalence rate of acute viral hepatitis B at the intravenous drug users in the South Bohemian Region in the monitored period from 2005 to 2009 years than it was the prevalence in the Czech Republic. The anticipated third hypothesis regarding an educational attainment of the intravenous drug users in the South Bohemian Region in the period from 2005 to 2009 years was, compared with the results observed in the same period in the Czech Republic, verified as well. The results can be used for a need of any further research, for professional publications and for teaching purposes.
|
|
|
Prevention of social aspects of an ilness
ŠAMÁNEK, Petr
The primary aim of this bachelor degree work was to investigate and describe the relationship between the number of injection sets distributed among drug addicts under needle exchange programmes and type B and type C hepatitis incidence rates, based on available information sources. The secondary aim was to evaluate the demand for exchange programme services. Described in the theoretical section are the basic themes relating to spread of infectious diseases among drug addicts. This section also deals with social aspects of drug addiction and drug abuse as a social aspect which may lead to the occurrence of other diseases. The practical section contains a secondary analysis of data obtained from quarterly annual reports that are published by the Drug Epidemiology Department of the Praque´s Hygiene Station and include the required nationwide information. The processed data are evaluated and the discovered facts are highlighted by graphic representation in this section of the work which begins with a table outlining all data used to obtain the results. The investigation focused on data from the recent five years (2005 {--} 2009) for South Bohemia and Ústecký Regions. The source of demographic data for these regions was the Czech Statistical Office. It was found that the hypothesis presuming a decline in the type B and type C hepatitis occurrence rates in relation to the number of injection sets distributed within exchange programmes was not confirmed. It was also found that the scope of distribution of injection sets became slightly reduced in one of the regions under survey (Ústecký Region) between 2008 and 2009 in spite of the increase in the nationwide distribution of injection sets. However, the overall tendency in the period under survey could still be described as increasing.
|
|
|
Profesional injuries of the graduate medical staff in the Ústecký region hospitals
KRÁTKÁ, Hana
The reason for choosing "Occupational Injuries of Medium-Level Medical Personnel in Hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem" as the topic of my master's degree stems from the fact that I have already inquired into this topic in my bachelor's thesis. Work-related injuries of hospital nurses are an interesting and important issue. Therefore, my aim was to explore this currently very up-to-date and crucial topic in greater detail, to map the level of legislative knowledge among nurses working at hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem, as well as to become familiar with the opinions of hospital head nurses in the region on this issue. Health care personnel face the daily risk of injury from used syringes and other sharp objects, which, in turn, pose a hazard for their exposure to infectious agents. More than 800,000 syringe injuries occur to over 800,000 health care personnel in the United States and to 100,000 in the United Kingdom every year. Of all health professionals, nurses are exposed to the highest risk of injury from used syringes and other sharp objects. The most frequent diseases associated with occupational injuries include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS. Work-related and non-work related injuries from used syringes or other sharp objects contaminated with biological material are recorded and evaluated separately by regional hygiene stations. The first, theoretical part of the thesis describes the individual diseases associated with injuries from used syringes or other sharp objects, precautionary and repressive measures related to sharp object injuries, as well as valid legal regulations on occupational injuries. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to research and it provides an evaluation of questionnaires completed by nurses from hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem. Furthermore, it presents an overview of secondary data on medical personnel injuries collected from annual reports of the Regional Hygiene Station in Ústí nad Labem, as well as an evaluation of interviews conducted with the hospital head nurses in the region. The results of the thesis will be communicated to the hospital head nurses in the region and/or to the head nurses of individual wards and departments, and they shall serve as the basis for further education of health professionals in the area of occupational injuries.
|
|
|
Incidence of Blood-Born and Sexually Transmitted Infectious Diseases with Focus on HBV and HCV in the Central Bohemia Region.
VELEKOVÁ, Petra
Viral hepatitides B and C are among the most widespread and at the same time most serious blood-born and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. The World Health Organisation considers the incidence of both infections to be an epidemic and, according to its estimates, there are 2 billion of people infected by hepatitis B virus and over 170 million of people infected by hepatitis C virus worldwide. Viral hepatitides B and C are diseases infecting the liver frequently becoming chronic and presenting a major factor in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Acute hepatitis C allegedly develops into chronic condition in approximately 85 % of CASE, and around one third of chronic hepatitis C patiens develop cirrhosis and many of them a liver carcinoma. There is a direct correlation between the incidence of acute hepatitis B developing into a chronic condition and possibly leading to cirrhosis or a hepatocellular carcinoma and the patientś age, it is indicated at 90 {--} 95 % in neonates, at 25 {--} 50 % in 1 to 5-year-olds, at 5 {--} 10 % in older children and adults. These diseases also have considerable socioeconomic impacts. Vaccination has been the most effective preventive measure agains viral hepatitis B, so far, no effective vaccine has been found for hepatitis C virus. The fundamental precautions against both types of viral hepatis consist in non-specific prevention related to the means of transmission of infection, namely avoiding contact with blood and other body fluids of any infected person. Both hepatitis B and C are most frequently trasmitted parenterally, by means of sexual intercourse, vertical transmission is less common. Before the introduction of screening tests for blood donors, viral hepatitides B and C were most frequently transferred via blood transfusion. At present, intravenous administration of illicit drugs presents a major risk factor due to sharing needles, syringes and other instruments among users. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes present day knowledge on viral hepatitides B and C. The practical part focuses on the incidence and means of transmission of viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis C in the Central Bohemia Region within a 10-year period. I also aimed to examine viral hepatitides B and C transmission risks awareness, and safe-sex rules observation among a selected group of the Central Bohemia population.
|
|
|
Professional injuries of health workers
KRÁTKÁ, Hana
I chose the topic of my thesis, professional injuries of health workers, because I wished to know how such problems are evaluated, as each of us has been or will be in a health facility some day and will see health workers performing their work. From my experience regarding health facilities, I knew that not all acts of health workers are appropriate, but I did not know whether they violate legislation or rules of operation, or whether their procedures are correct. Therefore I chose the topic in order to learn the facts about professional injuries and procedures followed by health workers when executing their jobs. Health workers are exposed to the risk of injury by a sharp object and to the associated risk of infection every day. In the Czech Republic, both non-professional and professional injuries are monitored. Health workers are also exposed to the risk of infections in consequence of professional injuries, such as hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, E, HIV/AIDS, cytomegalovirus infection, infectious mononucleosis and syphilis. The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the monitored numbers of injuries of health workers in Ústí nad Labem according to determined criteria, and to focus on the observance of valid legal regulations when handling medical materials, medical means and dangerous waste. Further, the aim was to make health workers familiar with the research results and to participate in training on work safety in health facilities. The hypothesis of my thesis is that valid legislation is observed when handling medical materials, medical means and dangerous waste. As the research method, I used questionnaires, which were distributed in five hospital wards, and secondary data collection from health records of the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, which were available at the anti-epidemic department of the Regional Hygienic Station in Ústí nad Labem. I think that the hypothesis as provided in my thesis was not confirmed as health workers do not observe the valid legislation in the Czech Republic. The aim of my work was fulfilled, because I processed the questionnaires in tables and graphs, and the secondary data collection was evaluated in tables and the obtained results were compared with other available resources regarding the problems. The findings of the thesis will be interpreted to the head nurse of Krajská zdravotní a.s. {--} Masarykova nemocnice (Masaryk Hospital) in Ústí nad Labem who will subsequently organize training of head nurses. Further, the findings will be used for the preparation of an educational program for health workers and will be interpreted to concerned persons.
|
guest ::
