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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Compliance behavior under surveillance: introduction of the video assistant referee to European football
 Trestcov, Ivan
This paper analyzes the effect of introducing the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) to European football. First, the setting allows for decomposition of the deterrence and monitoring effects in Becker’s (1968) model of crime. Second, I estimate the deterrence effect’s spillover outside the surveillance environment. Third, I find evidence of a much under-studied learning-by-punishment effect. This paper applies the difference-in-difference strategy to show that the introduction of VAR causes a significant decrease in the number of fouls in two German football leagues. VAR had an immediate impact on severe fouls, while the effect on penalty fouls is apparent after a 12 week adjustment period. Punishment intensifies the deterrence effect as punished players commit even fewer fouls than unpunished players. Moreover, the deterrence effect persists outside of the surveillance environment, i.e., there is a spillover effect on international competitions. I show that players from countries with VAR commit fewer fouls in international competitions than other players.
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Video Assistant Referee in Football
 Klucký, Jakub ; Pokorný, Ladislav (advisor) ; Hrabinec, Jiří (referee)
This work tries to explain the function and ground rules of using the videoreferee at football. The presentation of this phenomenon at modern football which is so far tested, is the aim of this work. The solution used the method of analysis of selected football matches and the method of questionare to find out the knowladge and view as for the videoreferee. The research has showed that the decision-making objectivity increased by 6% after the videoreferee had been introduced. According to the survey, introducing the videoreferee into football is considered to be a positive measure by almost 75% of the respondents.More than a half of all the survey participants (63.7% correct answers) also proved to have a good knowledge the video usage rules. On the basis of the data obtained, it is possible to state that the introduction of the videoreferee is still at an early stage when some shortcomings are to be eliminated. However, the videoreferee and its overall contribution for football can be considered as clearly beneficial.
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