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Changes in rainfall-runoff regime and biogeochemistry in headwater areas
Fraindová, Kateřina
Headwater areas are a very important current or potential drinking water source. Their ecological value for the whole ecosystem is equally important. Headwater areas are sites with minimal anthropogenic intervention and usually the least polluted water sources. Changes in climate and rainfall-runoff (R-R) regime together with water quality in these areas affect the status and availability of water further downstream significantly. It is also one of the most sensitive areas and is an early indicator of ongoing changes. This thesis focuses on the main issues that are already ongoing and are affecting the availability of drinking water significantly. Some of these are trends in R-R regime in the context of the climate change and glacier retreat in headwater areas. As a very good example of a mid-latitude river with a complex rainfall-runoff regime, where a large impact of regional climate warming and glacier retreat are strongly manifested, The Athabasca River Basin was selected for this study. Related to this issue is the river water quality, which is influenced by changes in both temperature and R-R regime, together with the increasing occurrence of extreme hydrometeorological situations such as droughts and floods. The effects of land cover on water quality are also analysed, along with consideration of...
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Changes in rainfall-runoff regime and biogeochemistry in headwater areas
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Matschullat, Jörg (referee)
Headwater areas are a very important current or potential drinking water source. Their ecological value for the whole ecosystem is equally important. Headwater areas are sites with minimal anthropogenic intervention and usually the least polluted water sources. Changes in climate and rainfall-runoff (R-R) regime together with water quality in these areas affect the status and availability of water further downstream significantly. It is also one of the most sensitive areas and is an early indicator of ongoing changes. This thesis focuses on the main issues that are already ongoing and are affecting the availability of drinking water significantly. Some of these are trends in R-R regime in the context of the climate change and glacier retreat in headwater areas. As a very good example of a mid-latitude river with a complex rainfall-runoff regime, where a large impact of regional climate warming and glacier retreat are strongly manifested, The Athabasca River Basin was selected for this study. Related to this issue is the river water quality, which is influenced by changes in both temperature and R-R regime, together with the increasing occurrence of extreme hydrometeorological situations such as droughts and floods. The effects of land cover on water quality are also analysed, along with consideration of...
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Measuring of winter precipitation and derivation of precipitation time series using snow water equivalent at selected stations in the Sumava Mts.
Valešová, Petra ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Míka, Dominik (referee)
The measurement of winter precipitation is an important part of many scientific fields, but the same time there are many uncertainties in the measurement that can arise from inaccuracy or poor calibration of sensors, rain gauges and the influence of environmental factors. Measurement inaccuracies can be caused by the influence of wind, evaporation from heated rain gauges or clogging of the rain gauge. The aim of this work is to process data measured by a heated tipping bucket rain gauge, a classical rain gauge and snow water equivalent sensors from selected stations in the Sumava Mountains. These measured data are subsequently processed and, in case of failures, supplemented with data from other stations according to the given principles. Cumulative precipitation series for the hydrological years 2016 to 2022 are then compiled from the data thus supplemented. Key words: precipitation, snow water equivalent, snow depth, measuring of precipitation
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Influence of spatial snow distribution on flood course
Kučerová, Dana ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
For the purpose of hydrological forecasting on mountains' and sub-mountains' rivers is important knowledge of distribution of snow water equivalent in the watershed. Submitted thesis therefore deals with comparison of 9 interpolation methods in terms of quality of their forecasting when predicting snow depth and snow water equivalent in watershed Bystřice (127,6 km2 ), which is situated in the northwest of Bohemia in the Ore mountains. Point data of snow depth and snow water equivalent used in interpolation were sampled during an off- road measuring in 17. 2. 2010 at the 14 snow sampling locations. The interpolation methods were: (1) Thiessen's polygons, (2) inverse distance weighting, (3) global polynomial (4) local polynomial (5) radial basis functions, (6) ordinary kriging, (7) cokriging, (8) residual kriging and (9) orographic interpolation. Independent variable-altitude used in the calculation of snow depth and snow water equivalent was used only in the last three listed methods. Predictive ability of interpolation methods was evaluated by using cross-validation and visual comparison of predicted maps. The best prediction ability was provided by residual kriging and orographic interpolation. The geostatistical methods were next in the order. The method of Thiessen's polygons and inverse distance...
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Local scale snow accumulation and ablation variability using high spatial resolution data
Cuřín, Vojtěch ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Minařík, Robert (referee)
The focus of this bachelor's thesis is snow depth variability at local scale and modern methods of snow depth measurement with high accuracy, precision and resolution. The main goal is to provide an overview of current research in this area, give comparison of the most widely used methods and outline their most appropriate fields of application. A part of this work is also dedicated to an evaluation of snow distribution over a study area in Filipohuťský creek basin in Šumava (Bohemian Forest) and to an assessment of the impact of selected variables on snow depth variability using multiple linear regression models. This is done using manual snow depth measurement data and local digital surface model with high resolution. Multiple linear regression models capture the snow depth variability more precisely than models based on ordinary kriging, nevertheless the regression coefficients of selected predictors are too inconsistent to confirm their effect. Key words: snow depth, photogrammetry, laser scanning, multiple linear regression
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Long-term changes in snow depth and snow water equivalent at selected mountain stations in Czechia
Kožíšek, Matěj ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Nedělčev, Ondřej (referee)
Long-term changes in snow depth and snow water equivalent at selected mountain stations in Czechia This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of long-term changes of snow cover in the peripheral mountain ranges in the Czech Republic. The first part is a research of foreign and czech literature dealing with changes in the parameters of snow cover depending on climate change and the consequences of these changes on various components of nature. The second part of the work consists of the analysis of climatic data from stations located in the peripheral mountains of the Czech Republic in the period of hydrological years 1980-2014. The mountains included in this research include Šumava (Churáňov, Lenora and Husinec), Jizera Mountains (Bedřichov and Desná), Krkonoše (Harrachov), Orlické Mountains (Deštné and Rokytnice v O. h.) and Moravskoslezské Beskydy (Lysá hora). The statistical Mann-Kendall test is used to evaluate trends. Changes in snow cover have a significant impact on the functioning of many landscape processes and on the life of the population in terms of future water availability and recreation.
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Spatial snow distribution in locality with diverse forest structure in the Sumava Mountains
Švejdová, Klára ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Šípek, Václav (referee)
Snowpack is strongly influenced by several environmental factors. Besides meteorological and topographical conditions, vegetation structure plays an important role. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to assess how the canopy structure affects snow distribution. The snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) were measured in a selected location situated in the Kvildský potok basin in the Šumava Moutains during the winter season 2019. Canopy structure was described using Leaf Area Index (LAI) obtained from hemispherical images of the area. The degree-day method was used to calculate melt factors. The influence of vegetation was examined by using the correlation and regression analyses. Snow depth and SWE was significantly lower in forest sites than in the open area and in the forest disturbed by the bark beetle (Ips typographus). The influence of canopy structure was highest during snow accumulation and its importance decreased with time. The SWE variability was largest for last measurement during the melt phase. Melt factor calculated for period between last two field measurements was 2.3 mm∙řC-1 ∙d- 1 .
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Local scale snow accumulation and ablation variability using high spatial resolution data
Cuřín, Vojtěch ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Minařík, Robert (referee)
The focus of this bachelor's thesis is snow depth variability at local scale and modern methods of snow depth measurement with high accuracy, precision and resolution. The main goal is to provide an overview of current research in this area, give comparison of the most widely used methods and outline their most appropriate fields of application. A part of this work is also dedicated to an evaluation of snow distribution over a study area in Filipohuťský creek basin in Šumava (Bohemian Forest) and to an assessment of the impact of selected variables on snow depth variability using multiple linear regression models. This is done using manual snow depth measurement data and local digital surface model with high resolution. Multiple linear regression models capture the snow depth variability more precisely than models based on ordinary kriging, nevertheless the regression coefficients of selected predictors are too inconsistent to confirm their effect. Key words: snow depth, photogrammetry, laser scanning, multiple linear regression
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Influence of spatial snow distribution on flood course
Kučerová, Dana ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
For the purpose of hydrological forecasting on mountains' and sub-mountains' rivers is important knowledge of distribution of snow water equivalent in the watershed. Submitted thesis therefore deals with comparison of 9 interpolation methods in terms of quality of their forecasting when predicting snow depth and snow water equivalent in watershed Bystřice (127,6 km2 ), which is situated in the northwest of Bohemia in the Ore mountains. Point data of snow depth and snow water equivalent used in interpolation were sampled during an off- road measuring in 17. 2. 2010 at the 14 snow sampling locations. The interpolation methods were: (1) Thiessen's polygons, (2) inverse distance weighting, (3) global polynomial (4) local polynomial (5) radial basis functions, (6) ordinary kriging, (7) cokriging, (8) residual kriging and (9) orographic interpolation. Independent variable-altitude used in the calculation of snow depth and snow water equivalent was used only in the last three listed methods. Predictive ability of interpolation methods was evaluated by using cross-validation and visual comparison of predicted maps. The best prediction ability was provided by residual kriging and orographic interpolation. The geostatistical methods were next in the order. The method of Thiessen's polygons and inverse distance...
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