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The motive of justice and its social psychological correlates
Homolová, Pavla ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
The thesis aims at social psychological aspects of the justice motive. Its purpose is to outline the links between justice motivation and social context, primarily to socioeconomic status, social identity and culture. Major differences between implicit and explicit justice motives are presented, the focus is mainly on the belief in a just world as an important indicator of the justice motive. Distributive and procedural norms of justice are described considering their social dependences. The justice motive and evaluation are viewed from the perspectives of theory of social exchange and equity, social identity theory and theory of system justification. In the empirical part the relation between SES and BJW in Czech society is tested in two studies. The analysis results of the quota public opinion survey (Aktér 2015, N = 926) indicate that people of high SES believe explicitly in a just world more than people of low SES. The estimated contradictions to the results of studies carried out in American context are discussed. The findings from the Czech survey may be relevant especially in the context of less socially differentiated societies. The analysis of data stemming from online quasiexperimental study (N = 82) of people aged 18 - 33 does not confirm these results, possible methodological...
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The motive of justice and its social psychological correlates
Homolová, Pavla ; Hnilica, Karel (advisor) ; Blatný, Marek (referee)
The thesis aims at social psychological aspects of the justice motive. Its purpose is to outline the links between justice motivation and social context, primarily to socioeconomic status, social identity and culture. Major differences between implicit and explicit justice motives are presented, the focus is mainly on the belief in a just world as an important indicator of the justice motive. Distributive and procedural norms of justice are described considering their social dependences. The justice motive and evaluation are viewed from the perspectives of theory of social exchange and equity, social identity theory and theory of system justification. In the empirical part the relation between SES and BJW in Czech society is tested in two studies. The analysis results of the quota public opinion survey (Aktér 2015, N = 926) indicate that people of high SES believe explicitly in a just world more than people of low SES. The estimated contradictions to the results of studies carried out in American context are discussed. The findings from the Czech survey may be relevant especially in the context of less socially differentiated societies. The analysis of data stemming from online quasiexperimental study (N = 82) of people aged 18 - 33 does not confirm these results, possible methodological...
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Belief in a just world in generationally diverse people
JELÍNKOVÁ, Barbora
This thesis investigates different perspectives and views on the concept of justice. The theoretical part analyses justice as a psychological construct as previously thoroughly explored by Professor Claudia Dalbert. Furthermore it studies the relationship between justice and punishment and investigates justice through the lens of the history of the Czech Republic and the World. Important historical figures that fought for justice are mentioned, as well as relevant historical events which had an impact on the perception of justice in the world. This thesis is aimed at describing and classifying the fleeting and quite abstract concept of justice. It discusses justice in relation to religion, ethics and morals. Most of respondents participating in this study were individuals with various forms of disabilities; for this reason multiple paragraphs of this study are concerned with disabilities and the ethical perspective related to them. Research was based upon the methodology of Professor Claudia Dalbert, who has granted a written permission for the use of her questionnaires. Each questionnaire consists of 17 questions and the answers were evaluated according to a six-item scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The aim of the research part was to identify the differences in just world belief between healthy population and individuals with disabilities varying in age. Four groups of respondents participated; two age categories (students 15 18 years of age and people from 45 60 years of age). Altogether 80 people from around the Czech Republic participated. The questionnaire is designed to measure the differences between three different perspectives: Personal belief in a just world (PBJW) explores the belief of a person that events related to his or her life are just. General belief in a just world (GBJW) then explores the belief that general events unrelated to a person's private life still influence his perspective and opinions. Such events, for example wars, even though geographically or personally unrelated to the individual, can still have a great emotional impact. The last perspective introduced in this study, belief in an unjust world (BUW), examines directly the individual's conviction that the world is unjust. The scales and charts presented in this thesis reveal the different levels of BJW of particular study groups. The PBJW scale results were more or less identical all respondents claimed events in their lives to be relatively just. No major differences in opinions between healthy and disabled participants were recorded. The most positive outlook on the justice in one's personal life was exhibited by individuals from group 45 60 years of age. When measuring the general belief in a just world, mostly students aged 15 18 inclined towards general injustice. Once again, the respondent's health status was in this case nearly irrelevant. The last research group exhibited unison of belief in an unjust world. Research group of people with disabilities aged 45 60 took a neutral stance. The results of this thesis, which was based upon the previous research of Professor Claudia Dalbert, fully coincided with her own results. Personal belief in a just world appeared mostly positive, dominantly in healthy respondent groups. General belief in a just world proved more negative. The research group of people with disabilities inclined more strongly towards general justice and neutral stance. The unjust world research showed people without disabilities to be more negative in their opinions, believing that the world is unjust, whereas disabled people again took more of a neutral stance.
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