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Ca2+ signalling in magnocellular neurones of the rat supraoptic nucleus.
Kortus, Štěpán ; Zápotocký, Martin (advisor) ; Šuta, Daniel (referee) ; Hromádka, Tomáš (referee)
The magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the hypothalamus project axons from the supraoptic nucleus to the posterior pituitary gland, where they secrete either oxytocin or vasopressin into the circulation. Oxytocin is important for delivery at birth and is essential for milk ejection during suckling. Vasopressin primarily promotes water reabsorption in the kidney to maintain body fluid balance. The profile of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion is principally determined by the pattern of action potentials initiated at the cell bodies in the hypothalamus. MNCs principally secrete hormones from terminals in the pituitary, but the secretion also occurs from their dendrites in the supraoptic nucleus, where they diffuse and affect the neighbouring cells. Mechanisms controlling the oxytocin and vasopressin secretion from MNCs have been extensively studied over the last decades and it is assumed that the relationship between Ca2+ signalling, secretion from dendrites, and the firing patterns is essential in understanding the magnocellular neurosecretory system. In this project, we combine mathematical analysis and experimental measurements of Ca2+ activity of MNCs of transgenic rats expressing an arginine vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (AVP-eGFP) or oxytocin-monomeric red fluorescent...
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Calcium signaling of oligodendroglial lineage cells in the animal model of schizophrenia
Kročianová, Daniela ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee)
Schizophrenia is a neurological disorder with a complex psychopathology, which is far from fully elucidated. In the patients with this disorder, changes on anatomical, cellular, and neurotransmitter level have been found. The aim of this work is to elucidate the function of specific ionotropic glutamate receptors in NG2 glia in the hippocampus of a mouse model of schizophrenia. For this purpose, a mouse model of schizophrenia was generated and validated using immunohistochemistry and behavioural testing. Mice with NG2 glia labelled by a fluorescent protein with a calcium indicator also in NG2 glia were used to observe the activity of glutamate channels and the properties of the extracellular space in these mice. Changes were found in the schizophrenic animals when compared to control animals in the numbers of hippocampal oligodendrocyte lineage cells, in prepulse inhibition and in both volume fraction and tortuosity of the extracellular space in hippocampus. Moreover, the percentage of cells responding to glutamate receptor agonists in NG2 glia in hippocampus also differed significantly between the schizophrenic and the control animals. In conclusion, it can be said that we were able to observe significant changes in the mouse model of schizophrenia that we generated in comparison to control...
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Ca2+ signalling in magnocellular neurones of the rat supraoptic nucleus.
Kortus, Štěpán ; Zápotocký, Martin (advisor) ; Šuta, Daniel (referee) ; Hromádka, Tomáš (referee)
The magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the hypothalamus project axons from the supraoptic nucleus to the posterior pituitary gland, where they secrete either oxytocin or vasopressin into the circulation. Oxytocin is important for delivery at birth and is essential for milk ejection during suckling. Vasopressin primarily promotes water reabsorption in the kidney to maintain body fluid balance. The profile of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion is principally determined by the pattern of action potentials initiated at the cell bodies in the hypothalamus. MNCs principally secrete hormones from terminals in the pituitary, but the secretion also occurs from their dendrites in the supraoptic nucleus, where they diffuse and affect the neighbouring cells. Mechanisms controlling the oxytocin and vasopressin secretion from MNCs have been extensively studied over the last decades and it is assumed that the relationship between Ca2+ signalling, secretion from dendrites, and the firing patterns is essential in understanding the magnocellular neurosecretory system. In this project, we combine mathematical analysis and experimental measurements of Ca2+ activity of MNCs of transgenic rats expressing an arginine vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (AVP-eGFP) or oxytocin-monomeric red fluorescent...
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