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Bachtin's philosophy of language
Kučerová, Barbora ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
This present looks into the philosophy of language and meaning in Bachtin's writings. Our research into the constitution of meaning is founded in utterance, which is in the life access grasped as a dialog. There are three central points by which we approach this topic. First of all I would like to clarify Bachtin's proposition about relation between utterance and non-language reality by polemic with Saussure. Meaning of language is constituted in forms of speech, which are founded in interest groups - this is non-language reality, and always bears some evaluation. Moreover, I demonstrate that particular speaker and listener are not essential for understanding of the utterance but interest groups are the basis of explanation the utterance like dialog. Each utterance is realized on the border of other's utterances and this is the reason why meaning cannot be conceived as identical with itself, but is determined by dialog with other evaluations. Therefore, meaning always bears some evaluation, there are not one universal language, but heteroglossia. Keywords utterance meaning evaluation speech form dialog
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