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Organ donation, transplantation medicine and efficiency. Are the expectations of donors fulfilled?
Ryšavá, Michaela ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of organ donation and its aim is to discover the determinants that positively affect the efficiency of organ allocation and subsequently to answer the question of whether larger liberalization brings better results. In the theoretical part, I deal with the question of free market and the threat of its failure due to asymmetric information, the ethical aspects of donation and the expanding black market. In the practical part, I deal with the determinants of the efficiency of organ allocation based on the comparison of four states: the Czech Republic, Spain, the UK and the USA. I come to the conclusion that the efficiency of organ allocation is positively influenced by the high donor and recipient age closeness and by the preference of the previous donors. In terms of determinants in the form of a healthcare system and the institution that deals with the organ allocation, Beveridge's model of healthcare is best with the combination of the elements applied in the Spanish model. This successful combination, however, is not a remedy for organ failure and can not be applied everywhere. Larger liberalization, as a result of better outcomes by state-run institutions for organ allocation, appears to be ineffective.
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EXTREME MANIFESTATION OF POVERTY: SELLING HUMAN ORGANS IN POOR AREAS OF THE WORLD
Běhálková, Dana ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Brabec, Petr (referee)
This thesis describes the situation on the human organ black market. It is aimed at countries that are most affected by this phenomenon, despite the illegality of the entire process in these countries. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of the market, identification of groups of people affected by this phenomenon and analyze global legalization of financial compensation. The theoretical part describes the areas of the world where this market is the most developed. Thesis summarizes the situation in India, Pakistan and also analyzes the current Iranian and Australian system of financial compensation. Impacts of selling organs to poor donors are analyzed from the perspective of economic and psychological, emotional and social impacts. Organ sales paradoxically lead to a large proportion of cases the overall deterioration donors from all these perspectives. The practical part is focused on the economic situation description of the human organ market and for its amendment in the event of the introduction of financial compensation. The financial compensation provided for lost wages during surgery and undergoing medical risk is a possible way to increase the supply of donors in developed countries. In this thesis are used the individual examples and data which are collected from a small number of respondents (because of the difficulty in acquiring data due to the illegality of the process). There are used data published by the World Health Organization, The World Bank and also data from surveys directly collected from places that are affected by this issue.
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