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Biogeography of arachnofauna of the Alps
Šilhavá, Alena ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Řezáč, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis gives a summarizing overview of the biogeography of arachnofauna of the Alps. It covers five orders of arachnids residing in the Alps, namely scorpions (Scorpiones), pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones), palpigrades (Palpigradi), harvestmen (Opiliones) and spiders (Araneae). The work is focused on the distribution of endemic and subendemic species of these orders of arachnids and on factors that can influence their distribution and total diversity in the Alps. It turns out that temperature and humidity are important factors. Pseudoscorpions occur more frequently in warmer areas at lower altitudes, while especially scorpions of the genus Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) and harvestmen are more tolerant to areas with a lower temperature, while harvestmen especially require sufficient humidity. For spiders in the mountains of the Alps total species richness and density decreases mainly from open land to the forest. Total diversity in the Alps has also been influenced by temperature oscillations during the Quaternary climatic changes and different positions and types of refugia. This is apparent at the species closely related to soil environment, such as palpigrades or cave pseudoscorpions of the family Syarinidae. Key words: biogeography, the Alps, endemic, Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones,...
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Genetic variation and reproduction strategy of Gentiana pannonica in different habitats
EKRTOVÁ, Ester
The reproduction strategy and genetic variability of Gentiana pannonica, an endangered species in the Czech Republic, were studied. The differences of vegetation composition, seedlings recruitment, seed set and genetic variation within and among six various populations G. pannonica in the Šumava Mts. and two populations in the Alps of this species were investigated in a field. The vegetation composition differs between primary and secondary habitat of G. pannonica and seedlings recruitment was recorded only in primary habitat. The reproduction output of the study species is probably influenced by sufficient amount of pollinators. No serious genetic diversity between populations in the Šumava Mts. and the Alps was found. The genetic differences were found only between populations on the primary habitats and populations on the secondary mountain meadows.
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Ecology and genetic diversity of Gentiana pannonica populations in different geographical and habitat scales
EKRTOVÁ, Ester
The thesis focused to population ecology and genetics of subalpine species Gentiana pannonica. Pollination ecology of species and generative reproduction in different habitat (primary vs. secondary) were investigated in the field. Genetic variation and structure of G. pannonica populations were studied in three disjunct parts of its distribution range: the Eastern Alps, the Bohemian Forest, and the Giant Mts. Present distribution of G. pannonica in the central past of the Bohemian Forest were processed.
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