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Ecotoxicological evaulation of polymeric substances
Milatová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Polymers or their modifiers may become parts of a wide range of products. After the end of life cycle useful parts of the products are recycled but significant parts still become household waste. It´s therefore desirable not only by law on chemicals and chemical products, but also according to the requirements of European directive REACH, to assess the impact not only chemical but also the additives of all products or products themselves in terms of their impact on the environment. For these purposes it serves ecotoxicity tests, which allow prediction of the influence test compounds in the environment. In this diploma thesis were evaluated polypropylene modifiers, which are commercially produced. Use of ecotoxicity tests were evaluated maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride effects on the environment. Alternative tests have been used for toxicity and namely Thamnotoxkit FTM the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotokit FTM the organism Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity test groups were selected toxicity tests: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test, Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test and Semi-chronic toxicity test on Lemna minor L. From marine toxicity tests was performed Acute inhibition test of brine shrimps Artemia salina.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected psychotropic drugs
Hricová, Nikoleta ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis done by literary research is about the issue of the occurence of psychopharmacs in the enviroment. Psychopharmacs such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives etc. belong to one of the most sold drugs around the world. The consumption of psychopharmacs is concerning and growing. Therofore their occurence in nature is also growing, which can negatively affect the ecosystems. Many studies confirmed the persistency of psychopharmacs in nature, their following bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity for the representatives of each ecosystem. This bachelor thesis describes possible ways of the drug’s intersection (penetration) in nature, the metabolism of psychopharmacs in the human body and the effectivity of their elimination in sewage tanks. This work also focuses on the occurence, stability, degradability and persistency of psychopharmacs in aquatic and in terrestrial enviroment. The consideration of risks in the occurence of psychopharmacs for the representatives of each ecosystems was processed by many ecotoxicological studies, which point out the danger of these substances. Based on this acquired knowledge, in the conclusion of this work, there was drafted a battery of ecotoxicological tests for the estimated effects of psychopharmacs.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected psychotropic drugs
Hricová, Nikoleta ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis done by literary research is about the issue of the occurence of psychopharmacs in the enviroment. Psychopharmacs such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives etc. belong to one of the most sold drugs around the world. The consumption of psychopharmacs is concerning and growing. Therofore their occurence in nature is also growing, which can negatively affect the ecosystems. Many studies confirmed the persistency of psychopharmacs in nature, their following bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity for the representatives of each ecosystem. This bachelor thesis describes possible ways of the drug’s intersection (penetration) in nature, the metabolism of psychopharmacs in the human body and the effectivity of their elimination in sewage tanks. This work also focuses on the occurence, stability, degradability and persistency of psychopharmacs in aquatic and in terrestrial enviroment. The consideration of risks in the occurence of psychopharmacs for the representatives of each ecosystems was processed by many ecotoxicological studies, which point out the danger of these substances. Based on this acquired knowledge, in the conclusion of this work, there was drafted a battery of ecotoxicological tests for the estimated effects of psychopharmacs.
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Ecotoxicity of selected platinum metals.
Kořínková, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Over the last 20 years increasing concentration of platinum metals in the environment was recorded. These hazardous metals come through anthropogenic activities in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to deal with their possible negative impact on organisms. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of selected complex compounds of platinum metals, namely platinum and palladium. For ecotoxicity evaluation tests on following aquatic organisms were used: Daphnia manga, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Lemna minor. On the base of obtained results ecotoxicological values of LC50 and EC50 were calculated.
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Ecotoxicological evaulation of polymeric substances
Milatová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Polymers or their modifiers may become parts of a wide range of products. After the end of life cycle useful parts of the products are recycled but significant parts still become household waste. It´s therefore desirable not only by law on chemicals and chemical products, but also according to the requirements of European directive REACH, to assess the impact not only chemical but also the additives of all products or products themselves in terms of their impact on the environment. For these purposes it serves ecotoxicity tests, which allow prediction of the influence test compounds in the environment. In this diploma thesis were evaluated polypropylene modifiers, which are commercially produced. Use of ecotoxicity tests were evaluated maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride effects on the environment. Alternative tests have been used for toxicity and namely Thamnotoxkit FTM the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotokit FTM the organism Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity test groups were selected toxicity tests: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test, Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test and Semi-chronic toxicity test on Lemna minor L. From marine toxicity tests was performed Acute inhibition test of brine shrimps Artemia salina.
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Ecotoxicity of selected musk compounds
Cvikýřová, Zuzana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Products of daily use, which are mainly cosmetics and personal care products could significantly affect the environment. Recently, in terms of environmental protection, organic compounds responsible for the pleasant smell of these products - synthetic fragrances or musk compounds - are often mentioned. This diploma thesis aims to assess the ecotoxicity of several new substances from the group linear (alicyclic) musk compounds. From this group following fragrance ingrediens were tested: lilial, linalool, arocete and aroflorone. Since the majority of their residues enter the aquatic ecosystem, aquatic freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus and aquatic plant Lemna minor were selected as test organisms. Individual ecotoxicity of above mentioned substances was evaluated as well as toxicity of binary mixture of arofloron and linalool on organisms Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. Based on the test results the ecotoxicological values LC50, EC50 and IC50 for the tested substances were evaluated and their ecotoxicity was compared. Lilial showed the highest ecotoxicity. Value of 24h EC50 for organism Daphnia magna was 2.13 mg/l and value of 24h LC50 for the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus was 10.86 mg/l.
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Ecotoxicological evaulation samples from burnt-out area
Pasírbková, Adéla ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
In the case of fires frequently wide range of inhomogeneous material is burnt. A lot of combustion products arise during this event, which may adversely affect the environment. Most often detected compounds are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and also organic compounds, which show adverse effects for organism. It is possible to identify and quantify most of them by chemical analysis, but their impact on the ecosystem is not predictable on the basis of these results. An effective tool to predict the impact of combustion products on the ecosystem are ecotoxicity tests. In this thesis, the water leachates of samples from fire places were prepared and subjected to ecotoxicological tests. Two alternative test of ecotoxicity on aquatic organisms were used: the first on the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus (ThamnotoxkitFTM) and the second on the organism Daphnia magna (DaphtoxkitFTM). Another testing aquatic organism was Artemia salina. Ecotoxicity was also tested using a standard phytotoxicity tests; white mustard (Sinapis alba) and white onion (Allium cepa) root growth inhibition tests and lesser duckweed (Lemna minor) growth inhibition test. On the basis of obtained ecotoxicological values LC (EC, IC)50 the impact of matrices from fire places on the ecosystem was evaulated.
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Utilization of contacts phytotoxicity tests for evaluation of energetic byproducts
Jozífková, Zuzana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The energetic by-products are a part of energetic wastes which are residues of fuels combustion or also the residues of flue-gas cleaning. Their following use could impact the terrestrial and subsequently also aquatic ecosystems. For these reasons it is necessary to evaluate with their possible ecotoxicity. In this diploma work the samples of energy products were subjected to ecotoxicological testing via contact phytotoxicity tests on Embryophyta. Water leaches of these samples were tested in order of comparison of the two testing methods. To test the water leaches of energy by-products the root growth inhibition test of five selected plant species were used; white mustard (Sinapis alba), kohlrabi oilseed rape (Brassica napus), turnip kohlrabi rape (Brassica rapa), garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and oats (Avena sativa). For the evaluation of ecotoxicity in contact arrangement the following phytotoxicity tests were selected: germination and growth of higher plants, brassica oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and oats (Avena sativa). Furthermore, the limit concentrations of waste at the plant Brassica napus were tested and screening tests poppy germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were performed. On the basis of obtained results ecotoxicity of energetic by-product was assessed and needs of solid matrices testing in contact arrangement discussed.
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