|
|
Multicriterial Tool for Analysis and Predict Human Thermal Stress
Řehák Kopečková, Barbora ; Soukup,, Radek (referee) ; Kolářová,, Jana (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis is concerned with the development of a multi-criteria tool capable of determining, for given input conditions, the most appropriate model for predicting the thermal state of a person in a protective suit, based on developed objective decision scheme. Four heat stress indices or physiological models were selected for the development of this tool: PHS (Predicted Heat Strain), IPHS (Individual Predicted Heat Strain), Gagg's 2-node model and the FMTK model. The algorithms of PHS, IPHS and Gagge were implemented in Matlab. Subsequently, all 4 models were validated against the experimental results. Based on the results of the validations, the applicability of these models for predicting human heat stress was verified. For some models, the applicability conditions were possible to extend. The accuracy of rectal temperature prediction was the main criteria. Furthermore, based on the results of the validation studies, metrics were selected to build an objective decision system. This was used to select the most appropriate model for the given environmental conditions. In the cooperation with SÚJCHBO, the data for model validation were delivered: 140 tests were carried out for 4 protective suits (FOP, Tyhem, Tiger, OPCH) and 4 ambient temperatures (-10, 5, 25 and 35 °C). 12 test persons were involved, 6 male test persons aged 29-53 years, 170-187 cm tall and weighing 69-92 kg, and 6 female test persons aged 28-49 years, 158-176 cm tall and weighing 56-71 kg. In total, 1987 simulations have been carried out using selected models, for different initial values of rectum and skin temperature, and for different estimates of metabolic activity. A look-up table was created to find the most appropriate model for the given conditions according to the inputs to the multicriteria tool via a decision scheme, based on the evaluation of the results of the simulations against the experiments in terms of the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and the difference between the predicted and measured rectal temperature at the end of the test. Finally, the resulting multicriteria tool was created in Excel, including a graphical interface for entering values.
|
|
| |
|
|
Vliv teploty ve stáji na mléčnou užitkovost a pohybovou aktivitu holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Vaňkátová, Eliška
The thesis deals with the effect of temperature in the barn on milk yield and locomotor activity of Holstein dairy cattle in a selected breeding system. The evaluation of milk performance was represented by the average daily milk yield, milk components content, namely fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count and urea content. The literature review discusses the history, characteristics and breeding objective of the breed under study. It also describes the stall environment, heat stress and ways of eliminating it. Dairy performance, locomotor activity and the factors influencing them are also described. Data collection was carried out on the Vadín dairy farm in the Vysočina region. Thirty Holstein, calved within 4 weeks during the January and February. Cows were monitored for one year. The results do not show that the average daily temperature had a negative effect on the average daily milk yield. On the other hand, the effect of average daily temperature on the individual milk components was confirmed. As the average daily temperature increased, the fat, protein and urea content of the milk decreased, while the lactose content increased. The dependence of the number of somatic cells in milk on the average daily temperature was not confirmed. Also, the dependence of physical activity on average daily temperature was very weak.
|
|
|
Analýza parametrov mliečnej úžitkovosti u dojníc pred a po inštalácii ventilátorov v stajni
Kancír, Ján
The aim of the study is to analyse milk performance parameters in dairy cows before and after the installation of fans in the barn. For this purpose, observation was carried out in a particular farm. The observation was carried out during the period from 2016 to the end of 2022. The whole observation was divided into two periods namely the period before and the period after the installation of the ventilators. The milk performance parameters will mainly include milk yield (kg milk), lactation order (n) and lactation stage (days). From the results obtained, the following can be stated. The installation of fans had an effect on milk yield over the whole follow-up period where before installation the mean milk yield was lower (P > 0.05) and after installation the milk yield was higher (P < 0.01). The effect of fans was also observed on milk constituent content. Considering only the summer months (June, July, August), it was found that there was a demonstrable increase (P < 0.01) in milk yield in cows after installation of fans. Regarding milk constituents, the installation had no demonstrable effect (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, a similar trend of reduction in fat and protein percentage can be seen as in the whole follow-up.
|
|
|
Chromatin remodeling during temperature sensing in plants
Šlesingerová, Terezie
The evolutionary conserved transcriptional co-activator Spt–Ada–Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex in Arabidopsis thaliana is tightly involved in numerous cellular processes by histone posttranslational modifications. The GENERAL CONTROL NON-REPRESSED PROTEIN 5 (GCN5), a SAGA subunit, is a histone acetyltransferase that impacts chromatin remodeling. Arabidopsis mutants lacking GCN5 are sensitive to heat stress, but the molecular mechanisms implicating GCN5 in heat stress are currently unknown. To get an insight into the molecular pathways underlying the heat sensitivity of gcn5, we assessed global proteome changes triggered by heat stress in the gcn5 background. Even though most of the identified proteins responded similarly both in gcn5 and wild type plants, some of them like CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 11 (COP11) were unaffected by heat in the gcn5 mutant background but decreased drastically in the wild type. We further screened mutants affected in putative GCN5 interactors under heat stress and identified that lack of SAGA COMPLEX SUBUNIT 2A (SCS2A) and INHIBITOR OF GROWTH 1 (ING1) results in heat sensitivity. Taken together, our results pave the way for a more detailed understanding of the role of GCN5 in stress responses.
|
|
|
Vliv tepelného stresu na výkonnost a zdraví dojnic
OBERMAJEROVÁ, Barbora
Heat stress is one of the main problems that affects the performance and health of dairy cattle almost all over the world and causes major economic losses. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the effect of possible heat stress on the monito-red indicators in a particular dairy farm on the basis of changes in indicators of milk yield, reproduction and health during periods with increased air temperature. Monitoring took place between 2020 and 2021 in the herd of Holstein dairy cows with an average number of 520 cows. Data on performance, reproduction and health status of dairy cows were obtained from the farm management computer program Farmsoft Management. Air temperature records from the database of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The effect of the month of the year on the average daily milk yield, cows conception and frequency of mastitis was assessed. The rela-tionship between the average daily and maximum daily air temperature and the average daily milk yield of cows in the summer months was monitored in more detail. The course of the curves of the measured values of the monitored indicators during the summer months (June to July) did not clearly show a negative relationship between the air temperature and the milk yield. A statistically significant correlation (P <0.0001) was found between the average daily air temperature and the daily milk content throughout the year at the level of r = 0.245. However, the dependence of milk yield on air temperature has not been clearly demonstrated within individual annual quarters or during the summer months. In several cases, the milk yield decreased for several days only after prolonged temperatures well above 25 ° C. From the results obtained during the observed period, the effect of elevated temperature on the deterioration of the production and reproductive performance of dairy cows and on the deterioration of their health status was not unequivocally confirmed in the monitored herd.
|
|
|
Noncanonical human eIF4Es in and out of the RNA granules
Frydrýšková, Klára ; Pospíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Půta, František (referee) ; Valášek, Leoš (referee)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E1 (eIF4E1) plays a pivotal role in the control of cap-dependent translation initiation, occurs in P- bodies and is important for the formation of stress granules (SG). Human cells encompass two other non-canonical translation initiation factors capable of cap binding although with a lower affinity for the cap: eIF4E2 and eIF4E3. Here, I investigated the ability of individual eIF4E family members and their variants to localize to SGs and P-bodies in stress-free, arsenite and heat shock conditions. Under all tested conditions, both eIF4E1 and eIF4E2 proteins and all their variants localized to P-bodies unlike eIF4E3 protein variants. Under both arsenite and heat stress conditions all tested variants of eIF4E1 and the variant eIF4E3-A localized to SGs albeit with different abilities. Protein eIF4E2 and all its investigated variants localized specifically to a major part of heat stress-induced stress granules. Further analysis showed that approximately 75% of heat stress-induced stress granules contain all three eIF4Es, while in 25% of them eIF4E2 is missing. Large ribosomal subunit protein L22 was found specifically enriched in arsenite induced SGs. Heat stress-induced re- localization of several proteins typical for P-bodies such as eIF4E2, DCP-1, AGO-2...
|
|
|
The role of stress granules and 4E-BP in heat-stressed cells of S. cerevisiae
Kolářová, Věra ; Hašek, Jiří (advisor) ; Zimmermannová, Olga (referee)
The cells are capable of very quick and specific reactions on stress conditions. Influence of translation, specifically initiation of translation by inhibition factors, is one of the main regulatory process. Two of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP), Eap1p and Caf20p, are known as cap-dependent translation repressors in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used in vivo fluorescent microscopy analysis to show different reaction of Caf20p and Eap1p to heat stress. Protein Caf20p does not react on heat shock and stays difused in cytoplasm. Contrary to Caf20p reaction, protein Eap1p accumulates in cytoplasm close to stress granules (SGs). This work shows that Eap1p is involved in stress granules assembly. In the absence of Eap1p, yeast cells react to the heat stress with small and less focused SGs. Dele- tion of CAF20 does not affect SG assembly. This points to specific function of SG in distribution of factors connected with stress reaction. Polysomal analysis shows that deletion of one of initiation translation repressors does not affect heat induced global repression of translation. In permisive condition deletion of EAP1 may cause defect in addition of 60S ribosomal subunits. Absence of protein Eap1p causes morphological defect. That point to a different reactions of Eap1p and Caf20p on heat stress and possible...
|
|
|
Vliv tepelného stresu na produkci a chování dojnic holštýnského skotu v letních měsících ve vybraném chovu
Zavadilová, Kristýna
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to deal with the literature concerning the influence of the heat stress on the behaviour and production of the dairy cows of the Holstein cattle during summer at the selected breeding. The practical part of this thesis was carried out at the agricultural cooperative in Hříšice during July, August, and September 2016. The temperatures and relative humidity of stable environment were acquired with the use of temperature-humidity sensor Onset HOBO. Daily milk yields were recorded using the system AfiFarm. The results of milk efficiency were compared with the production efficiency. Moreover, changes in behaviour of the dairy cows were observed. It was noticeable, that there were fewer dairy cows lying in the boxes at higher temperatures. Moreover, they spent more time at drinking devices. According to the results, July was the warmest month. Average temperature reached 21,19 °C. Nevertheless, the influence of the heat stress on the milk production has not fully been proved because of the small scale of data. Most of milk yields were carried out at 22 °C, which misrepresented the evaluated results.
|
|
|
Eliminace negativního vlivu tepelného stresu u brojlerových kuřat pomocí rostlinných aditiv
Zmrhal, Vladimír
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluated the effect of supplementation plant additive based on extracts, from turmeric (Curcuma) and baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) on broiler chickens exposed to heat stress at the end of fattening. The effect of plant additive on performance parameters, meat quality, lymphatic organ weight, biochemical blood profile, pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, heat shock proteins, leukocyte counts, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, metabolizable energy and chicken behavior were evaluated. Plant additive fed from the 21st day of chickens age significantly improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio at optimal temperatures and significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight gain at elevated temperatures (27–29 ° C). The addition of plant additive has significantly increased (P<0.05) metabolizable energy as well as the apparent ileal digestibility of the amino acids lysine, threonine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, serine, glycine, aspartic and glutamic acid and alanine. Significantly lower (P<0.05) manifestations of thermoregulatory behavior (wings lifting and open beaks) in the experimental group with plant extracts were found in the ethological observation. Results of diploma thesis showed that the addition of a mixture of turmeric and baical scullcap extracts can be used to reduce the negative effects of heat stress on the performance of broiler chickens.
|
guest ::
