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Etiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis of congenital neural crest disorders
Poštulková, Adéla ; Fábik, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
The neural crest is an extensively migrating population of cells found only in vertebrates. It is formed in the dorsal part of the neural tube during the early embryonic development by a process called neurulation, in which the neural plate forms and the neuroepithelium subsequently sinks into the embryo. Neural crest cells detach during development and then migrate through the body to their final destinations, where they differentiate into various mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types (derivatives) under the influence of signals. These derivatives include tissues of the peripheral nervous system, tissues of the endocrine system, pigment cells, facial bones, and other connective tissues. Defective migration of neural crest cells and disruption of their differentiation leads to maldevelopment of the neural crest cells derivatives, and to development a group of syndromes known as neurocristopathies, which include a wide range of malformations. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the current knowledge about individual neural crest diseases and syndromes such as Hirschsprung's disease, Treacher-Collins syndrome, piebaldism and neurofibromatosis, their causes, mechanisms of pathogenesis and possible treatment options. Key words: Neural crest, migration, differentiation, neurocristopathies,...
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View of the patient and a view of the nurse on quality of life
Portlová, Emilie ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the quality of life of polymorbid women patients, seniors hospitalized in the institution of subsequent care. The aim of the work was to determine whether and to what extent there is a diference between the selected patients' view and the nurses' view of the patients'quality of life. The theoretical part primarily focuses on the old age and ageing process, its causes, positive and negative sides, and therapy options in terms of scientific studies. It also describes the terms related to the bachelor thesis, such as geriatrics, geriatric patient, but also the concept of quality of life and its measurement approaches. The empirical part studies the quality of life of six patients and there was chosen a qualitative approach. It was a recorded interview, which was transcribed into a protocol and analysed. It resulted into a theoretical model, which has these parts: Period before the illness, Turning- point, Current state, Memories and Future perspectives. The chosen patients compared their current state, their present quality of life in the way how they experience it during the illness with the quality of life before the illness, and with their view to the future. It was confirmed that polymorbidity had affected their quality of life in all areas. The other group of...
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Prenatal limb development and its pathology
Skoupá, Veronika ; Hovořáková, Mária (advisor) ; Zahradníček, Oldřich (referee)
Limb defects are the second most common congenital disease in children. They occur in the prenatal period and are most often caused by genetic defects or chromosomal abnormalities. Limb defects can also be caused by the action of various teratogens, which can disrupt the development of the fetus. The prenatal development of a child is an extremely complicated sequence of a large number of interconnected events, which, despite considerable advances and discoveries in the field of molecular biology over the last few decades, we still do not fully understand. The present thesis tries to summarize the problem of limb defects from their origin, through possible causes to several diseases that are associated with limb anomalies. Improvement of our knowledge in the field of limb development and defects associated with it is important for accurate prenatal diagnosis and subsequent successful treatment of patients.
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View of the patient and a view of the nurse on quality of life
Portlová, Emilie ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the quality of life of polymorbid women patients, seniors hospitalized in the institution of subsequent care. The aim of the work was to determine whether and to what extent there is a diference between the selected patients' view and the nurses' view of the patients'quality of life. The theoretical part primarily focuses on the old age and ageing process, its causes, positive and negative sides, and therapy options in terms of scientific studies. It also describes the terms related to the bachelor thesis, such as geriatrics, geriatric patient, but also the concept of quality of life and its measurement approaches. The empirical part studies the quality of life of six patients and there was chosen a qualitative approach. It was a recorded interview, which was transcribed into a protocol and analysed. It resulted into a theoretical model, which has these parts: Period before the illness, Turning- point, Current state, Memories and Future perspectives. The chosen patients compared their current state, their present quality of life in the way how they experience it during the illness with the quality of life before the illness, and with their view to the future. It was confirmed that polymorbidity had affected their quality of life in all areas. The other group of...
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