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Možnosti pěstování hub v České republice
Ochonský, Petr
This thesis examines the diversity of cultivated mushrooms available in the Czech Republic, their growth conditions, and the economics of their cultivation. Data for the study were collected through a questionnaire, a field survey, and interviews with mushroom growers in the Czech Republic, including a visit to a mushroom farm. The findings revealed a diverse range of cultivated mushrooms available in the domestic market. However, public knowledge about various cultivated mushroom species and their importance is limited. The survey found that 82.98% of people consume mushrooms. Their average consumption in the Czech Republic is 2.4 kg/person/year. The most well-known cultivated mushrooms in the Czech Republic include Agaricus bisporus (98.94%), Pleurotus ostreatus (93.62%), shiitake (29.79%), truffle (21.99%), and Auricularia auricula-judae (18.44%). The survey shows that increasing the population's awareness of mushrooms and their importance will be appropriate. The economic demands of cultivating oyster mushrooms have shown that it is costly and not very profitable. Last but 8 not least, it is also necessary to deal with the possibilities of using mushrooms in various sectors.
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Hydroponic plant cultivation and examples of practical use.
WEIDENTHALER, Jakub
The aim of the thesis is to present the different possibilities of hydroponic cultivation. The basic principle of hydroponics is explained in the literature review. Furthermore, the individual possibilities of practical cultivation of plants in domestic production as well as in large-scale production are presented in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the most used methods are also explained. The main advantages and disadvantages of hydroponic cultivation are assessed. The biggest benefit of hydroponics is growing plants without the need for soil. Hydroponics is thus also suitable for indoor growing in the home. It can thus be used in urban areas for vertical cultivation, where there is a huge saving of space. In view of the loss of agricultural land and the deterioration of its quality, hydroponics seems to be the crop of the future. The saving of water consumption, mainly in recirculation systems, is also a major advantage. But there are also clear limiting disadvantages. The biggest problem is operating costs. In 2022, during the energy crisis, the cost of energy is proving to be the most limiting factor. Most hydroponic systems need a constant supply of electricity to effective run.
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Relationship between the genome size of mycobiont and ecological strategy of lichens
Konečná, Eliška ; Malíček, Jiří (advisor) ; Vondrák, Jan (referee)
The inner organisation of organisms originates from the information contained within its DNA. In addition, the size of the genome itself may influence the function of the organism. Unlike many other groups of organisms, genome size is only known for a very limited number of lichen mycobionts. So far it has been only speculated whether there is a connection between genome size, the ecology and the traits of lichens. The goal of my thesis is to measure genome size of a sufficient amount of lichen mycobionts to be able to determine possible connection between genome size and ecology or functional traits of these lichen species. I succesfully measured the genome size of 50 lichen species using flow cytometry (FCM). I did molecular phylogenetic analysis of 141 taxa with known genome size in order to recognize the influence of phylogeny on genome size of these species. Two genes - ITS and mtSSU - were used for the phylogenetic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using measured genome sizes, ecologicaly relevant traits of lichen species and my phylogenetic tree. I found that genome size might be connected to substrate preference, vegetative reproduction or the type of the lichens' photobiont. A correlation of genome size and life strategy - larger genome sizes connected to K-strategy, whereas smaller...
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Hodnocení pěstebních substrátů a jejich vlivu na produkci a kvalitu zeleniny
Kršková, Tereza
The aim of the presented work is to assess the influence of commercially available substrates in the production of lettuce and to recommend the use of selected products not only in agricultural practice but also in the professional public. The essence of the experimental part was the laboratory testing of selected substrates and their subsequent selection pot trials, where their effect on lettuce production was monitored on its yield and production quality. The substrates were selected on the basis of the results from the laboratory testing in two Hobby (Horticultural substrate with humus, tomato and pepper substrate) and two Profi (Profimix RS1, Profimix RS2). For cultivation, they were used in a soil-mixed mix. Application of substrates had a significant effect on salad yield. Profi substrates contributed to the increase in fresh salad mass. Mixed with soil, production increase was more than doubled, the salad yield increased almost 2.5 times when used alone. The efficiency of the Hobby substrate application was less known, the yield increased by 44% on average due to their use. The average nitrate content in the experiment was 1188 mg / kg. Application of Profi substrates increased its content in the range of 159-774 mg / kg, compared to the inconclusive control. Nitrate in lettuce grown in Hobby substrates significantly increased the nitrate content in vegetables. When the substrate for tomatoes and peppers was used, the limit of Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 was exceeded. Keywords: substrates, lettuce, yield, nitrates.
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Substráty pro pěstování interiérových rostlin
Zálešáková, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with substrates of interior plants. First part is mention of the history, followed by division of natural substrates and substrates anthropic, therefore artificially manmade. Next section describes basic traditional substrates, additives and special substrates for plants with specific demands. Subsequently describes methods of growing interior plants, namely hydroponics and green walls. The bachelor thesis includes example and budget of selected vegetation modifications and evaluation of student knowledge in Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University Brno, about interior plants. Last part deals with information board installed in the premises of Mendel University in Lednice, which provides useful information and demonstration of the substrates
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Literature search on the topic of lichens of heathlands in the Czech Republic
Vopatová, Lenka ; Kocourková, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis excerpts information from published materials regarding lichens in heathlands in Czech Republic, and data of lichens habitats are enriched with description of heathland types (lowland, foothill and alpine) present in a given area. I evaluated factors influencing presence of lichens on various substrates (e.g. sands, serpentine steppe, etc.) in order to compare biodiversity of lichens in various types of heathlands. Gathered information is added to the commented list of lichens with description of habitat areas and substrates.
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Assesment of suitability of different propagation substrates and methods for Taxus x media and Magnolia 'Suzanne'
Petránková, Jana ; Tolar, Václav (advisor) ; Kofránková, Věra (referee)
his thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical part, in which there is information obtained from literature, where I focused on plant propagation methods, describing the general řízkovaných species and their method of propagation, also gave describing the particular cultivar. Furthermore, the substrates, enhancers, their composition and use. Buildings used in horticulture, atomizing řízkovaných plants, or fungi.
The practical part evaluates the results obtained by performing an experiment in gardening Ornamental nursery Jasová.
The experiment was conducted in two consecutive years and in summer the proliferation of Magnolia'Susan' and winter multiplication Taxus x media'Hickii'.
It was assumed rozdílnos of rise products on two sites množárenských which was plastic greenhouse and glass, on each another at different substrate, in river sand and řízkovacím substrate.
The aim of the experiment was to find out what conditions they grow best propagated species.
The results are showed small differences between trials at Magnolia'Susan' results were significantly better substrate, which was probably caused by Trichoderma, which promotes rooting cuttings. The variant Magnolia cuttings in the sand and placed in a plastic greenhouse plants were dying due to lack of irrigation and high permeability of the sand.
Taxus was cuttings in winter and thus avoid Underwatering pulp prior to the formation of callus and roots. Therefore, this method has been successful, but the total amount ujmutých plants was lower than Magolia.
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Using of unseparated digestate as a phosphorus source for garden plants
Kujanová, Denisa ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
The advent of the modern trend of renewable resources was inevitable culmination of the development of civilization. Mankind learns more about use inexhaustible resources compared to depletion of reserves of non-renewable resources. Providers of renewable energy sources also include a biogas plant, which main function is the production of biogas. Biogas is produced in reactors by process of anaerobic fermentation without oxygen. As input for an agricultural biogas plants organic waste, cattle manure or for example energy grasses are used. The process of biogas production has the leftover of the fermentation at its end, so called digestate. Its composition depends especially on the inputs.
Digestate is a compound with high pH which is very rich not only for phosphorus but also for other nutrients. There are many studies dealing with the theory and practice of using digestate on the field for improving its properties and of other digestate usage. This diploma thesis has aim to explore combinations of unseparated digestate with peat and dolomite limestone with an effort to create a suitable substrate for different types of plants in terms of accessible phosphorus content.
During the experiment following plants were used between the years 2011 and 2015: Gazania rigens, Ocimum basilicum and Mentha piperita. For a control substrates following variants were used: Different types of commonly used growing substrates as the controls; peat combined with unseparated digestate in proportions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % volume. In selected years dolomite limestone was also added in doses of 3, 6, 10, 15 g/l to stabilize pH.
The results of the work show a positive effect of the digestate on the substrate properties as for example pH value (with possible addition of limestone for stabilization) or dry matter. Digestate appears to be a suitable source of phosphorus for plants. In terms of the above-ground biomass yield of plants reached its maximum value at the control substrate Gramoflor. From the tested substrates it was in the most cases the substrate with 10 % digestate (in two years with doses of 6 a 15 g/l). Highest percentage of dry matter reached usually the control substrates.
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Substrate processing for cultivation of Hericium erinaceus with different supplements and heat treatments
Sobotová, Radmila ; Jablonský, Ivan (advisor) ; David, David (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine if the substrate treatment with temperature lower than 100°C could replace the sterilization at 120°C. Another task was to compare different types of substrates and supplements.
For the substrate treatment were selected temperatures of 90°C for 48 hours, 90°C for 20 hours, 121°C for 2 hours, 80°C for 20 hours and 70°C for 24 hours. The treatment with temperature lower than 100°C could replace the sterilization at 120°C.
In the experiments were used substrates compound of beech sawdust or straw pellets supplemented by wheat bran or wheat groats. The research was also focused to influence of substrate fermentation on growth characteristics of Hericium erinaceus. The most suitable substrate for mycelium growth and subsequent fructification of Hericium erinaceus were beech sawdust. Faster mycelial growth and higher yield of fruiting body were achieved in the case of supplemented substrate of sawdust beech by wheat bran or wheat groats. There were observed no effects of fermentation substrates on mycelium growth of Hericium erinaceus.
Another part of the research was dedicated to mycelium growth and fructification of Hericium coralloides. The best substrate for Hericium coralloides is beech sawdust without supplements.
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Posouzení vhodnosti pěstebního substrátu s obsahem kokosových vláken
Kuncová, Lenka
The aim of the thesis was to verify the practical relevance and impact of nursery growing substrates containing coconut fiber development and quality produced by the trees. The experiment was based on the experimental area of the Horticultural Faculty in Lednice . The experiment was used ornamental tree Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer ' .
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