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Distributional impacts of meal vouchers
Röhryová, Lenka ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
The thesis aims to analyze distributional impacts of meal voucher sys- tem in the Czech Republic, especially in the context of income inequality between different income groups. In the first part, we study the features of the Czech meal voucher scheme, relevant legislative framework and offer a comparison of the Czech meal voucher system with other European coun- tries. In the second part, we perform an analysis of the redistributive effects of meal allowances on various income deciles, quantify the impact of meal allowances tax exemption on the government budget and simulate replace- ment of current meal allowances by flat meal allowances according to several scenarios. Based on our analysis, the meal allowances tax relief represents burden of 11.3 bn Kč for the state budget. Our findings suggest that current form of meal allowances widens the income gap between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, within as well as across the income deciles. The affluent households receive meal allowances more frequently, and moreover, nomin- ally and proportionately higher. We believe a replacement of current meal allowances scheme by one with a flat meal allowances (using the constant budget) would promote income equality. Then, the lower deciles would be- nefit, due to higher share of individuals entitled to the meal...
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Recent problems of working law in practise at schools, which are provided by city concils in Czech Republic in fokus on realization of business trips.
Thumsová, Martina ; Kitzberger, Jindřich (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
This work deals with issues of business trips in primary schools that are provided by municipality in relation to the law No. 365/2011 Sb., that changes law No. 262/2006 Sb., Labour code, as amended and other related laws valid since January 1st 2012 that says empoyees cannot give up on their rights in advance. Based on assumption that travel expenses that must have been paid to employees in full are huge burden on school budgets. All the travelling with pupils becomes very expensive. According to connection between theory and practical use, all activities cannot be provided only at school and it's necessary that teachers travel with children to learn away from school. This work summaries the rules for reimbursement of travel expenses and reflects the views of headmasters at issues of business trips in primary schools. Keywords: Business trip, working hours, time for relax, night shifts, be ready to work on call, weekend working, working during holiday, working overtime, travel espenses, meals, driving refunds, accommodation expenses, necessary side expenses, budget, financial sources
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Recent problems of working law in practise at schools, which are provided by city concils in Czech Republic in fokus on realization of business trips
Thumsová, Martina ; Kitzberger, Jindřich (advisor)
This work deals with issues of business trips in primary schools that are provided by municipality in relation to the law No. 365/2011 Sb., that changes law No. 262/2006 Sb., Labour code, as amended and other related laws valid since January 1st 2012 that says empoyees cannot give up on their rights in advance. Based on assumption that travel expenses that must have been paid to employees in full are huge burden on school budgets. All the travelling with pupils becomes very expensive. According to connection between theory and practical use, all activities cannot be provided only at school and it's necessary that teachers travel with children to learn away from school. This work summaries the rules for reimbursement of travel expenses and reflects the views of headmasters at issues of business trips in primary schools. Finding, that it has not been working sufficiently with law in the area of travel expenses, is an alarming for all superiors in education. On the other hand there are many areas of school activities which would be required to get specific legislation. Keywords: Business trip, working hours, time for relax, night shifts, work standby, weekend working, working during holiday, working overtime, travel expenses, meals, driving refunds, accommodation expenses, necessary incidental...
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Distributional impacts of meal vouchers
Röhryová, Lenka ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Pěkná, Martina (referee)
The thesis aims to analyze distributional impacts of meal voucher sys- tem in the Czech Republic, especially in the context of income inequality between different income groups. In the first part, we study the features of the Czech meal voucher scheme, relevant legislative framework and offer a comparison of the Czech meal voucher system with other European coun- tries. In the second part, we perform an analysis of the redistributive effects of meal allowances on various income deciles, quantify the impact of meal allowances tax exemption on the government budget and simulate replace- ment of current meal allowances by flat meal allowances according to several scenarios. Based on our analysis, the meal allowances tax relief represents burden of 11.3 bn Kč for the state budget. Our findings suggest that current form of meal allowances widens the income gap between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, within as well as across the income deciles. The affluent households receive meal allowances more frequently, and moreover, nomin- ally and proportionately higher. We believe a replacement of current meal allowances scheme by one with a flat meal allowances (using the constant budget) would promote income equality. Then, the lower deciles would be- nefit, due to higher share of individuals entitled to the meal...
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Recent problems of working law in practise at schools, which are provided by city concils in Czech Republic in fokus on realization of business trips
Thumsová, Martina ; Kitzberger, Jindřich (advisor)
This work deals with issues of business trips in primary schools that are provided by municipality in relation to the law No. 365/2011 Sb., that changes law No. 262/2006 Sb., Labour code, as amended and other related laws valid since January 1st 2012 that says empoyees cannot give up on their rights in advance. Based on assumption that travel expenses that must have been paid to employees in full are huge burden on school budgets. All the travelling with pupils becomes very expensive. According to connection between theory and practical use, all activities cannot be provided only at school and it's necessary that teachers travel with children to learn away from school. This work summaries the rules for reimbursement of travel expenses and reflects the views of headmasters at issues of business trips in primary schools. Finding, that it has not been working sufficiently with law in the area of travel expenses, is an alarming for all superiors in education. On the other hand there are many areas of school activities which would be required to get specific legislation. Keywords: Business trip, working hours, time for relax, night shifts, work standby, weekend working, working during holiday, working overtime, travel expenses, meals, driving refunds, accommodation expenses, necessary incidental...
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Recent problems of working law in practise at schools, which are provided by city concils in Czech Republic in fokus on realization of business trips.
Thumsová, Martina ; Kitzberger, Jindřich (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
This work deals with issues of business trips in primary schools that are provided by municipality in relation to the law No. 365/2011 Sb., that changes law No. 262/2006 Sb., Labour code, as amended and other related laws valid since January 1st 2012 that says empoyees cannot give up on their rights in advance. Based on assumption that travel expenses that must have been paid to employees in full are huge burden on school budgets. All the travelling with pupils becomes very expensive. According to connection between theory and practical use, all activities cannot be provided only at school and it's necessary that teachers travel with children to learn away from school. This work summaries the rules for reimbursement of travel expenses and reflects the views of headmasters at issues of business trips in primary schools. Keywords: Business trip, working hours, time for relax, night shifts, be ready to work on call, weekend working, working during holiday, working overtime, travel espenses, meals, driving refunds, accommodation expenses, necessary side expenses, budget, financial sources
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Travel expenses reimbursement to employees in the private sector
Strnadová, Martina ; Polák, Martin (advisor) ; Roubíčková, Jaroslava (referee)
The aim of this thesis "Travel expenses reimbursement to employees in the private sector" is to define each individual term of the travel expenses reimbursement and offer practical examples in order to demonstrate their calculation and accounting, and thus assess the impact of reimbursements to the tax base and income tax, not only for the employer but also for the employee. The first chapter describes the legal norms of travel expenses and defines key terms of the subject. The second chapter illustrates the conditions of work-related travel. The third chapter analyzes all travel cost reimbursement, both domestic and international. The fourth chapter is devoted to operations which have to be done by the employee upon returning from a business trip. The last two chapters of the theoretical part are devoted to accounting of travel costs and the related tax issues. There are examples used to illustrate an entire agenda of travel reimbursement in the practical part of the thesis.
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Travel expenses
Hodžová, Markéta ; Müllerová, Libuše (advisor) ; Molín, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with reimbursement of travel expenses for domestic and foreign business trips. The thesis contains the information necessary to determine the correct value of the individual types of travel expenses. First, the principles applied in the provision of travel expenses are discussed. Then business trips and conditions of their realization are defined. The core of the thesis presents description of fare, food allowance, accommodation and necessary incidental expenses for domestic and foreign business trips. Flat-rate compensation and conditions of use are also mentioned. The issue of providing travel expenses is also considered in terms of taxes. Next part of the thesis describes using of exchange rates when travelling abroad and shows how to account advance payments and claims for travel expenses in double-entry accounting. Discussed problems are interlined with practical examples for better understanding. At the end of the thesis, a comprehensive example of calculation and charging of travel expenses is contained.
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