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Examination and imaging procedures in pneumology from the point of view of a radiographer
VÁVROVÁ, Hedvika
The Bachelor thesis discusses whether SARS-CoV-2 significantly affected the number of lung X-ray and CT scans. The aims of this thesis were "Statistical processing of lung X-ray and CT lung examination data in the X-ray department of the Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. in terms of time distribution over a period of 5 years." and "Analysis of examination and imaging methods in pneumology." In the theoretical part, an overview of the anatomy of the respiratory system was given. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 and its effect on the lungs were described. Finally, examination and imaging techniques in pneumology were explained. When the anatomy of the respiratory system was compared with the examination and imaging procedures, objective 2 was found to have been met. The aim of the research part was the statistical processing of the data of lung X-ray scans and lung CT examinations in the X-ray department of the Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. over a period of 5 years. Also, the research focused on an analysis of examination and imaging methods in pneumology. There were three initial hypotheses as follows: "Monthly numbers of X-ray examinations will have a theoretical distribution close to the normal distribution", "Monthly numbers of CT examinations will have a theoretical distribution close to the normal distribution", "Monthly numbers of X-ray and CT examinations are positively correlated". Statistical investigation was used to confirm or refute the stated hypotheses using basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. Based on the results, hypotheses H1 and H2 were confirmed, while hypothesis H3 can be confirmed with time. As a result, objective 1 can be considered fulfilled. The insights gained from this work may be of assistance to follow-up studies. Further research could investigate SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on lung imaging and testing in 2021 and 2022. X-ray and CT scans of the lung in these years would likely fail to test for normality.
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Statistical investigation of selected emergency call parameters
VLKOVÁ, Kristýna
The diploma thesis is focused on the activity of the EMS dispatch centre of the Emergency Medical Service, which represents an element of critical infrastructure and is also a part of the Integrated Rescue System. This work deals with the functioning of the Medical Rescue Service, its structure, legislation, crisis preparedness, cooperation with other members of the Integrated Rescue System in case of emergencies and crisis situations. In the research section, a statistical survey of measured data of selected parameters (causes, degrees of urgency) of 155 emergency line calls of the relevant region was used along with logical and empirical methods of applied quantitative research, Hypotheses about normality of the selected parameters were confirmed. Hypothesis about the correlation dependence of the selected parameters was rejected. During the survey, the most common acute problems of callers were identified. Calls were stratified according to the degrese of their urgency according to the valid legislativ. The results of this work can be used to raise awareness of the general population in this field. At the same time the collected data can provide a platform for further research.
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Comparison of knowledge of the lay and professional public about the acitivities of the Police of the Czech Republic within the Integrated Rescue Systém
MÁCHOVÁ, Nikola
The diploma thesis as a report on applied quantitative research met a global goal and three sub-goals. The global goal (system analysis of the role of the police of the Czech Republic in the Integrated Rescue System and the definition of internal structural levels characterizing the police of the Czech Republic) was met in the theoretical part. The global goal of the research led to the construction of questionnaires reflecting the basic parameters of the initial theory (theory of civil protection) in the field of activity of the Police of the Czech Republic and generated three partial goals. These sub-objectives were associated with the verification of operationalized hypotheses H1, H2, H3. H1: The empirical distribution of lay knowledge about the activities of the Police of the Czech Repulic in the selected region is close to the normal distribution. H2: Empirical distribution of experts' knowledge of the activities of the Police of the Czech Republic in the selected region is a distant distribution to the normal. H3: The knowledge of lay people and experts about the activities of the Police of the Czech Republic within the Integrated Rescue System is different at the selected level of statistical significance. Hypothesis H1 and H2 were verified using descriptive and mathematical statistics. Hypothesis H3 was verified using methods of mathematical statistics. The system analysis method was used to meet the global goal. One-dimensional and two-dimensional statistical analysis methods were used to meet the sub-objectives and thus to confirm the hypothesis. The benefits of the work include practical and theoretical benefits. Theoretical benefits include confirmation of the applicability of two-dimensional and one-dimensional statistical analyzes associated with the study of research variables "Knowledge of lay people", "Knowledge of experts", "Types of theoretical distributions". Practical benefits include the normality of knowledge among the generel public and the declared distance from normality among experts. The question is whether the observed distance of normality in experts is large enough or should be even higher. It is the examination of the determined distance of normality in experts could be the task of follow-up work. It would also be good to focus on analyzing the results of the answers to the individual questions of the questionnaire. Any identified deficiencies could be reflected in strengthening the training of experts in the identified areas.
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Statistical investigation of chosen parameters estate criminality within Police department in Czech Republic
DVOŘÁK, Tomáš
Property crime is one of the most common type of crime. Prime goal of this diploma thesis is to help the structural form of Czech Police by analyzing property crime and its clarification. Regarding to it, the structural form of Czech Police was introduced with the placement of property crime at the whole crime scene in Czech republic. Structural levels this diploma thesis contained: Czech Police (CP), Structure of CP, Main tasks of CP, Connection between executive power and judical power, Prosecution, Ethical code of CP, Crime. Structure level of "Crime" contained: Crime clarification, Factual and place juristiction, Crime control, Property crime (PC), Development of PC, Causes of PC, Legislation of PC, Delimitation of PC, Clarifitacion of PC, Comparing PC to neigboring countries. Partial goal of this diploma thesis was researching the mentioned structural form of Czech Police. District department of Czech Police was the researched unit. Part of property crime and its clarifitation were researched parameters. These parameters were researched on 100 randomly chosen District department. The mentioned structure of Czech Police was supported by verifitation research hypothesis, in particular the bond of researched parameters. Researched parameters were expressed in percentual form due to the bond between them. Logical and empirical methods of applied quantitative research were used to obtain information about proceeding the property crime. All information were obtained by analyzing Police database. The research hypothesis were accepted by investigation obtained informaton: H1) Empirical distribution of researched parameters of property crime will be comparable to normal distribution. H2) Researched parameters of property crime will be close and positive related in terms of regression and corellation. The main goal of this diploma thesis was fullfiled by accepting both hypothesis (H1,H2). Teoretical benefit of diploma thesis lies in completing the main goal and in confirmation of usability methods of two-dimensional statistics. Practical benefit of diploma lies in confirmation the work efficiency at district departments of Czech Police. Work efficiency was supported by research resutls respectively by confirmation of normal distribution and positive corellation between examined parameters. Conducted research could serve as one of documents used in property crime prevency. Ambition of this diploma thesis was to highlight the need of furter research on the field of property crime.
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Statistical investigation of physical readiness selected parametrs of professional firefighters within HZS South Bohemia CPS České Budějovice and HZSp JE Temelín
SEVERA, Marek
Physical readiness is an integral part of the requirements for the firefighter profession. Getting acquainted with the selected organization of units and mapping their physical training led to an understanding of the problem. Logical methods of applied quantitative research were used to obtain information. A factor (strength part of physical tests) was determined to compare the physical readiness of selected organizations. Using the application of empirical research methods, the parameterization of the selected factor was performed and the first research goal was met. Research hypotheses were positively verified by methods of investigating the obtained data: H1: Selected parameters of strength physical readiness should have an empirical distribution close to the normal distribution (normality was verified by nonparametric testing). H2: Comparison of the parameters of the strength part of physical tests of selected organizations should lead to the acceptance of the null hypothesis at the selected level of statistical significance (no statistically significant differences in the physical readiness of selected organizations were found at the selected level a= 0.05). By verifying the operationalized hypotheses H1, H2, the second goal of the work was fulfilled, the comparison of physical readiness between individual organizations. The verification of hypotheses was supported by the theory of estimates of theoretical parameters of the normal distribution and regression and correlation analysis of measured data with two dimensions of the strength part of physical tests (lying-seats, cranks). The theoretical benefits of the diploma thesis can be considered the proposed and implemented structuring of the theoretical part - a description of the organization of selected units, a description of physical training legislation, new trends in physical training, physical training abroad. The practical benefit of the diploma thesis is to document the chosen structuring of the theoretical part by selecting a suitable comparative factor - the strength component of physical tests. The applied quantitative research could have research connections - to document the chosen structuring of the theoretical part by other parameters of physical readiness and special physical training of professional firefighters.
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Statistical survey of selected parameters of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic in selected region
TICHÁ, Denisa
The theoretical part defines the basic concepts and areas related to the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, protection of the population and fire engine, which are based mainly on legislative regulations, specialized articles and publications. It led to an understanding of the problém, in the next part called Metodology of the diploma thesis are summarizes the basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics , which were used in the processing of the practical part of the thesis. In the practical part of the diploma thesis, two hypotheses are verified. The hypotheses were examined on the basis of obtained and statistically processed data gained of the Fire Rescue Service of the South Bohemia region. For the processing of the practical part, the basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics were selected, by which these data are processed. H1: An empirical distribution of the number of kilometres traveled to the intervention and the number of the intevrentions of the South Bohemian fire engine in September 2018 are close to the normal distribution H2: Dependence of the number of kilometres traveled of the fire engine to the intervention and the number of the interventions in September 2018 will be characterized by positive correlation supported by linear regression. By verifying the operationalized hypotheses H1 and H2, the global goal of the diploma thesis was fulfilled, to carry out the research based on the utilization of the South Bohemian fire engine by means of inquiry selected parametrs in September 2018. The verification of hypotheses was supported by the theory of estimates of theoretical parameters of the normal distribution and regression and correlation analysis. The theoretical benefits of the diploma thesis can be considered aplication of twodimensional statistical analyzes algorithms. The Fire Rescue Service of the South Bohemia may use these algorithms for the assessment of the same parametres in other period, especially longer period. The practical benefit of the diploma thesis points out the areal cover of the South Bohemian fire engine is optimal. The utilization of the fire engine and human sources is effective and there is no need to propose changes of the system.
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Pupils ' interpretation of graphic representations of statistical results
Krištof, Radim ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This thesis discusses the charts and their teaching. I study in it how graphs are introduced at Czech schools, ie how graphical outputs of statistical survey (graph types, their relevance, their description, etc.) are presented in textbooks. Then I analyze examples from international research TIMSS and PISA engaged in graphs depending on the success of results of Czech pupils. It turned out that pupils have no problem with reading values from graph, while their creation or solving nonstandard given exercises makes large difficulties to pupils. Last but not least I test the ability of students correctly but also critically interpret graphs, ie whether pupils can consider if graphs present actual data or are deliberately distorted and modified. For this purpose I create questionnaire where I test through three exercises pupils of graduation classes from grammar school and vocational school and pupils of study with vocational certificate. Results of graduates from both schools were comparable. Grammar school pupils succeeded especially in solving complicated or complex tasks, vocational school pupils got better results at solving tasks that require only orientation in graph and reading values. Pupils of vocational programs reached approximately half worse results. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Awareness of high school students in the occurrence of the emergency events in the city Klatovy
BUREŠ, Jiří
Almost every day, people are exposed to various dangers that pose for them unexpected situations, such as natural disasters, accidents or variety of accidents involving the release of hazardous substances. To reduce these incidents the state adopts various measures such as legal standards. Such a main measure is to protect the population. To mitigate the effects of emergencies it is necessary citizens also know how to preserve these adverse situations, how they react and how to help themselves and the others. It is possible however not without constant education. Education and population education should start at an early age and throughout life would have knowledge in this area should get deeper. In the theoretical part of this thesis all the incidents with which one can meet are described. Whether it is an extraordinary event caused by natural or caused by man. Further on procedures relating to just protect the population. How to behave at the signal "general alert" to prepare for an evacuation and how you perform or how to hide in the case of danger. Furthermore acquainted with crisis situations that may arise. Also important they are the procedures of the individual components of the integrated rescue system, which play a big role in fighting emergencies. Finally, theoretical part explains the statistics, which represent a large percentage of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' knowledge selected at secondary schools in the occurrence of the incident and the knowledge of the activities arising for citizens in case of emergency on the territory of the district Klatovy. Subsequently, two hypotheses were set, namely: H1: "Students selected secondary schools are aware of the possibility of extraordinary events in the town Klatovy" and H2: "Students from higher grades have more information on the issue of protecting the population than students of lower classes." To these targets and verify of the hypotheses it was necessary to compile an anonymous questionnaire focused on this issue and agree with it on statistical surveys. The survey was conducted at a secondary school at Business college in Klatovy and the sample consisted the numer of 200 students. 100 students from the 1st and 2nd grade and 100 students from the 3rd and 4th grades. The questionnaire contained 13 questions and there was always only one correct answer. The success rate among the issues was very diverse. The results were striking some questions, but there are also questions that the students completed without any problems. The term "general warning" was known only by 21% of students. This means that if a general warning tone will be 79% of the students know what to do. Conversely, 90% of students knew with an overview of important phone numbers to be dialed in an emergency. Only 39% of students have an overview of the risks due to them on the territory of district Nýrsko water reservoir. 86% of all students have a good grasp of the individual components of the integrated rescue system. Overall, students with lower grades were successful 49% success rate. 42% of students got older. Then 7% less. Through descriptive and mathematical statistics the evaluation of hypothese was achieved. Hypothesis no. 1 was confirmed on the basis of descriptive statistics. Hypothesis no. 2 was refuted by means of mathematical statistics, which means that students of higher classes have no more information to the occurrence of extraordinary events on the territory of district of Klatovy. All the data is processed and presented in the "Discussion" and "Results". The results of this work have been forwarded to the school management representatives who act as an annual lecture on emergency and the first aid principles in the context of armed courses Hracholuska dam. The questions used in the questionnaires can be used and properly explained during these mandatory courses within the presentations that focus on individual questions used in the questionnair
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How to lie with statistics
Štefan, Pavol ; Čabla, Adam (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
This paper describes the misleading in statistical research and its incorrect presentation. It concentrates on presentation of statistical research, what is the most common source of misunderstanding of statistical results by public and by professionals. The basic factors, which influence the statistical research, is described within theoretical part of this paper. The particular examples, which demonstrates incorrect statistical approach and misleading presentation of statistical research, is presented within analytical part of this work.
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Adults's knowledge about possibility of natural emergency event occurance in Jilemnice and it's surroundings. Know-how in right behavior and treatment.
VOHNOUTOVÁ, Markéta
Natural emergency events endanger mankind since ever. Jilemnice - municipality with extended competence - is located in Podkrkonoší. This town should be prepared for any unexpected event. Every season brings risk, especially in this "close to mountain" area. Town is endangered by snowstorms in the winter and subsequently floods, caused by melting snow in the spring. We can´t stop it, we can only minimize effects. Information / knowledge is the most important aspect for proper and prompt decision, that affects our life, health and property. Studying and preparing the theoretical part was basic task for realizing the goal of his thesis. Theory consists of natural emergency events typology and principles of proper behavior. Below short area description of municipality with extended competence called Jilemnice. According to information found during theoretical preparation, questionaire was created and consequently introduced to the respondents - adult inhabitants of Jilemnice. Participants were chosen in quota sampling in conjunction with local authonomy specialist. We chose 100 laymen, split into 50 men and 50 women. There were two hypotheses set to reach the goal of my work - basic (H) and partial (H1) formulated below: H) Adult Jilemnice´s inhabitants (laics) knowledge matches Gaussian distribution. H1) There is only [alpha]= 0,05 statistic difference between men´s and women´s knowledge, when talking about natural events problem. Hypothesis and its partial hypothesis were determined per descriptive and mathematical statistics, through following steps: formulation, scaling, measuring, elementary statistical processing. Then within nonparametical testing 7 identical density intervals were defined. [chí2] test / good accordance test using [chí2]teor and [chí2]exp comparison, second normality test inclusive integral calculation was selected (using u variable, primitive function F(ui) and statistical tables) to validate/disprove the hypothesis. Double-selection test was used to disprove partial hypothesis, per empiric argument [mí1]=O1 or [sigma2] and external theoretical data [mí2] and [sigma2] comaprison. Basic hypothesis was proved and accepted. Adults in Jilemnice are informed as presumed, knowledge matches Gaussian/normal distribution. Partial hypothesis wasn´t proved. We expected difference between men and women knowledge in natural emergency event occurence and best practice of treatment. This is surprise according to the first premise.
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