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Low carbohydrate regimes (low carb diet, the cyclical ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting) and their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular strength, sports performance and muscle cells resistance against exercise
Kysel, Pavel ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Stackeová, Daniela (referee)
(EN) Low-carbohydrate diets are a debated topic in relation to athletic performance, overweight and obesity, but also to the health status of the individual. The impact on health and fitness is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of a low carbohydrate, in this case ketogenic, diet on body composition, sports performance at different exercise loads and levels of selected circulating cytokines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a cyclic ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young men for 8 weeks. Participants in both the CKD and RD groups reduced their body weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI) values. In the CKD group, the amount of fat-free mass (net body weight) and the amount of water in the body decreased. In the RD group, however, the volume of these parameters did not change significantly. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in the CKD group, while maximal strength performances in chest pulldown and lower limb press increased in the RD group. Similarly, endurance performances were not affected in the CKD group, whereas maximal power output and maximal oxygen consumption increased in the RD group. Our findings suggest that...
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Assessment of training and performance development of the athlete
Takácsová, Markéta ; Vostatková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: Assessment of training and performance development of the athlete Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the performance development of a sprinter who switched to athletics from another sport at the age of 17. The work focuses on the analysis of sports preparation, the evaluation of performance development in the athletic disciplines of 60 m and 100 m and the identification of key factors influencing his sports success. Methods: The study used the method of content analysis of training diaries from the RTC, in which the assessed sprinter achieved a personal best in the 100 m run. This is the RTC 2012/2013. General training indicators and special training indicators for sprints in athletics were obtained from the training diaries and subsequently evaluated. These training indicators were compared with the recommended values for the male category according to Kampmiller et al., (2002). Results: The analysis of the training diaries showed that the monitored sprinter P. B. exceeded the recommended values for the volume of strengthening with equipment and several times also for rebounding exercises. It shows comparable values with the recommended ones for maximum speed volume, speed endurance and special running exercises. We record a significantly lower volume in the case...
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Regular physical activity as a circadian Zeitgeber
Fenclová, Aneta ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
The function of almost every cell in the body is regulated by the circadian system. At the whole-body level, this system consists of the main oscillator, which is formed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and peripheral oscillators of individual organs and tissues. This system is sensitive to periodic changes in the external environment, particularly to the alternation of light and darkness, and under unfavorable lighting conditions, it can lead to desynchronization of both this timing system with the solar cycle and the mutual desynchronization of individual organs and tissues. This temporal mismatch of physiological processes can cause a range of diseases and metabolic disorders, and can be partially prevented by regular physical activity. Daily oscillations of circadian rhythms in many cardiovascular and metabolic parameters also determine the ideal time of day for anaerobic performance. This bachelor's thesis is a selection and comparison of information from professional literature and available studies dealing with the mutual influence of physical activity and circadian rhythms. There are works mentioned here that test the effect of physical activity on internal desynchronization of the melatonin rhythm and sleep pattern, on the circadian synchronization of skeletal muscle, as...
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The issue of vitamin D in elite sport
Káchová, Nikola ; Dostal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kalendová, Barbora (referee)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be synthesized in the skin after exposure to sunlight or obtained through food or supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 14 days of sun exposure in an area with higher levels of UV radiation (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) on vitamin D concentrations in a selected group of water slalom athletes and to further evaluate the changes in concentrations after a further 14 and 30 days after return. Data for the study were obtained by using four blood draws and comparing the average vitamin D concentration between the blood draws. Eleven elite athletes aged 18-35 years who were not taking vitamin D supplements participated in the study. The results showed that before the intervention, the athletes had average vitamin D levels lower (69.4 nmol/l) than the lower reference limit set at 75 nmol/l. Exposure to sunlight for 14 days resulted in a significant increase in vitamin D concentration, with an average increase of 10.8 nmol/l in the study group. Upon return to the Czech Republic, the vitamin D level increased slightly by an average of 0.7 nmol/l for 14 days, but this increase was not statistically significant compared to the previous sampling. After 30 days of stay, the vitamin D level decreased on average by 1.3 nmol/l. This result...
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The influence of the menstrual cycle on the sports performance of cyclists
Podskalská, Anna ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Soukupová, Vendula (referee)
Title: Influence of the menstrual cycle on the sports performance of female cyclists. Objectives: The aim of this work is to analyse the performance of female elite athletes in cycling in different phases of the menstrual cycle using a questionnaire survey and laboratory testing. And to find out whether menstrual cycle and its phases affect their sport performance. Methods: In our thesis we used two method. The first method was a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire sent to women who are or have been involved in cycling. The second method was a laboratory stress test of three female cyclists. We tested each proband during three phases of her menstrual cycle. During the menstrual, follicular and luteal phases. Results: We found that the menstrual cycle affects athletic performance. Based on the questionnaire we learned that they perceived the influence of the menstrual cycle on their sport performance, whether due to physical or psychological difficulties. Testing showed that during the follicular phase, all probands experienced an increase in maximal performance. At the same time, they all described their mood as cheerful and energetic. During the luteal phase, on the other hand, all probands experienced a decrease in maximum performance. At the same time, they defined their mood as neutral to...
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The effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sports
Baumová, Nikola ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Soukupová, Vendula (referee)
Title: The effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sports Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sport using the results obtained from previous studies dealing with the effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sport. Methods: This thesis was carried out as a systematic review. Sources of information were scientific articles and studies from the PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost and EBSCOhost databases and literature related to the influence of the menstrual cycle on sports performance. Results: A total of 45 studies were selected for this study (9 cross-sectional, 33 cohort and 3 intervention studies). A total of 3086 probands (2364 from cross-sectional, 644 from cohort and 78 from intervention studies) aged 18 to 35 years were included. Conclusion: In most cases, no effect of MC on sports performance was found. If any effect was observed, the worst phase of MC for performance appeared to be the mid-luteal phase, while the best was the follicular phase. Keywords: menstrual cycle, menstrual phase, follicular phase, luteal phase, strength, power, force, muscular performance, aerobic, aerobic power, aerobic capacity, endurance, endurance power, endurance capacity, anaerobic, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, athletic...
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Relationship between obesity and sports performance in preschool children
Kábrtová, Martina ; Vojtíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Panská, Šárka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the problem of obesity in preschool children and its influence on sports performance. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the relationship between obesity and sports performance in preschool children. Thirty probands participated in the research. For the assessment of obesity, the amount of subcutaneous fat was measured by the method of measuring amount of subcutaneous algae (caliperation). Through selected motor tests, we investigated the level of motor skills in the study group. Sports disciplines were selected to test the fitness of preschool children. We investigated the relationship between the measured amount of subcutaneous fat and performance in motor tests. Based on the results, we can conclude that there was a relationship between the amount of subcutaneous fat and performance in the 60-meter run and shuttle run tests. In the cricket ball throwing and long jump tests, no relationship was found between sports performance and the amount of subcutaneous fat. KEYWORDS Overweight, obesity, korrelation, caliper, motor skills test, health-related fitness, preschool child
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Analysis of sports performance Acrobatic Rock'n'Roll in category "A"and "B"
Škoda, Michael ; Kolbová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Marek, Jaroslav (referee)
Title: Analysis of athletic performance of acrobatic rock and roll in category A and B Objectives: The aim of this work is to comprehensively assess athletic performance of acrobatic rock and roll with an emphasis on category A and B. Make a comparison of these two k-the category of. Method: In this work the method of content analysis and comparison. Content analysis method was used in the theoretical part, as analysis of available literature sources dealing with sports performance. Comparison method was used in the analytical and practical, the comparison of the two categories. Results: The content analysis of literary sources, in the theoretical part, we can apply the theoretical and general knowledge of sport performance for the specific needs of sport performance for acrobatic rock and roll. The comparison of category A and B have reached the specific differences that distinguish the dance category in terms of performance demands on the dancers. Key words: performance, structure, acrobatic rock and roll, acrobatics, category A, category B
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Temperament Of Czech And German Flat Water Canoeist
Kolářová, Edita ; Bílý, Milan (advisor) ; Jindra, Matouš (referee)
Title of project: Temperament Of Czech And German Flat Water Canoeist. Aims: The aim of this thesis is to identify character traits (temperament) in Czech and German kayakers. Methods of work: To determine the results of quantitative research was used, in the form of a standardized questionnaire Eyseneckova temperament characteristics, which we translate German probands separately. The evaluation was performed by adding three (score N, E, L) of the five dimensions and the results brought into the graph, where the quadrants are marked with the temperament traits. Results: The most common type of German temperament is sanguine competitors, extrovert with low neuroticism score, so emotionally stable. The Czech competitors no single prevailing temperament type. Keywords: Flat water canoeing, sports performance, charakter skills, temperament
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Pace in women's singles matches in tennis on Australian Open 2017
Plachá, Kristýna ; Carboch, Jan (advisor) ; Kočíb, Tomáš (referee)
Title of the thesis: Pace of game in women's single tennis matches at Australian Open 2017 Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to find out pace of game in women's single tennis matches at Australian Open 2017. Other partial objectives are folowing: compare pace of game in the first, the second and the third round matches with pace of game in quarterfinal, semifinal and final matches, compare pace of game in individual sets and also compare pace of game after the first and the second serve. Methods used in the thesis: The main method was notational analysis based on indirect observation of video records of 23 matches at Australian Open 2017. Rally duration, number of shots in the rally and time between points were measured during the matches. Pace of game and work-rest ratio within the game were calculated. Achieved results: Mean pace of game was 1,21 0,21 s. Mean rally duration was 5,43 4,10 s. Mean number of shots in the rally was 4,47 3,00 shots. Mean time between points was 21,24 3,69 s. Mean work-rest ratio within the game was 1 : 4,03 5,41. The difference between final and initial round matches was 0,07 s, in favour of final round matches. No significant differences were found out in observed variables among individual sets. Pace of game did not change after the first and the...
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