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Dynamics of spin polarization in semiconductors
Janda, Tomáš
In this work we study ultrafast laser-induced magnetization dynamics in samples of ferromagnetic semiconductor Ga1−xMnxAs with a nominal concentration of Mn within the range of x = 0,015-0,14. To get information about magnetization movement we use magneto-optic phenomena PKE and MLD in a time-resolved pump & probe experiment. Thorough analysis of the measured magneto-optical signal allows us to disentangle contributions due to angular movement of magnetization and due to demagnetization and to reconstruct 3D motion of magnetization vector without any numerical modeling. First we explain the basis of this experimental method and we demonstrate its utilization on the measured data. After that we study angular movement of magnetization vector and its dependence on the external magnetic field, excitation intensity and Mn concentration. The pump pulse helicity dependent and independent dynamics were treated separately. In the case of demagnetization we have been able to observe not only its intensity and Mn doping dependence but also the magnetic field dependence, which has not been reported so far in the literature.
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Optical and magneto-optical spectroscopy of materials with antiferromagnetic interaction
Križanová, Katarína ; Zázvorka, Jakub (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
Title: Optical and magneto-optical spectroscopy of materials with antiferro- magnetic interaction Author: Bc. Katarína Križanová Department: Institute of Physics of Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Zázvorka, Ph.D., Institute of Physics of Charles University Abstract: One of the goals of spintronic research is the efficient external con- trol of magnetic moment. Non-collinear antiferromagnets in the antiperovskite structure, such as Mn3NiN, show a piezomagnetic effect that can be used to utilize these materials in applications. In the strain free state, the material ex- hibit zero net magnetic moment. Using strain induced by a lattice constant mismatch between the thin layer and a substrate on which the thin film is applied on a non-zero net magnetic moment can be registered. Magneto-optical Kerr effect spectroscopy is used to investigate the non-collinear magnetic thin films. The effect of two substrate layers with resulting opposite sign of strain influencing the magnetic ordering of the antiperovskite material is studied with respect to sample temperature. Results show comparable spectral dependence with opposite sign of the Kerr effect caused by the opposite direc- tion of net magnetization moments. Ellipsometry measurements depending on sample orientation are performed to study the material...
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Study of terahertz radiation emitted using spintronic effects
Jechumtál, Jiří ; Nádvorník, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kašpar, Zdeněk (referee)
Effective emission of picosecond terahertz (THz) pulses using optical femtosecond pul- ses is the basis of THz spectroscopy in the time domain. Recent studies have shown that ultrafast optical excitation of thin metal magnetic multilayers leads to effective emission of THz pulses by converting the spin current to electric current. This work focuses on deter- mining the absolute emission and conversion efficiency of spintronic emitters from several manufacturers. Our comparison suggests that efficiency comparable to highly optimized spintronic emitters can be achieved by utilizing multilayer manufacturing capabilites of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University. The work also demon- strates the significant influence of interface quality on the throughput of ultrafast spin currents. Furthermore, the work describes a saturation effect observed in the relation be- tween emission and optical excitation fluency, which defines suitable excitation conditions for scaling the THz emission to higher electric fields. The observed spectral dependence of emission on fluence complements the discussion about the nature of ultrafast spin current formation. 1
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Magneto-optical study of antiferromagnetic materials for spintronics
Kubaščík, Peter ; Němec, Petr (advisor) ; Výborný, Karel (referee)
The main goal of this thesis was to develop an experimental technique for investigation of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials using magneto-optical effects that are quadratic in magnetization. Using a prototype of 2-dimensional electromagnet, which enables to rotate magnetic field of constant magnitude in the sample plane, we were able to study spectral dependences and anisotropies of corresponding magneto-optical coefficients. In ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs we revealed that the anisotropy of Voigt effect magneto-optical coefficient is strongly wavelength dependent - this coefficient can be both isotropic and anisotropic. Very strong anisotropy of this coefficient was observed for metallic FeRh in a ferromagnetic state. Finally, a new method that can be used to measure Voigt effect in antiferromagnetic state of FeRh was demonstrated.
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Theory of spin-dependent transport in magnetic solids
Wagenknecht, David ; Turek, Ilja (advisor) ; Minár, Ján (referee) ; Šipr, Ondřej (referee)
of doctoral thesis Theory of spin-dependent transport in magnetic solids David Wagenknecht Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University 2019 Theoretical and ab initio description of realistic material behavior is complicated and combinations of various scattering mechanisms or temperature effects are often neglected, although experimental samples contain impurities and modern electronics work at finite temperatures. In order to remove these knowledge gaps, the alloy analogy model is worked out in this thesis and implemented within the fully relativistic tight- binding linear-muffin-tin orbital method with the coherent potential approximation. This first-principles framework is shown to be robust and computationally efficient and, consequently, employed to investigate bulk solids and their spintronic applications. Unified effect of phonons, magnons, and alloying gives agreement with literature for temperature-dependent electrical transport (longitudinal and anomalous Hall resistivities) and scattering mechanisms are explained from electronic structures. Moreover, novel data help to identify defects in real samples and experimentally hardly accessible quantities are presented, such as spin polarization of electrical current. Calculated results for both zero...
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Ultrafast laser spectroscopy of antiferromagnets
Saidl, Vít ; Němec, Petr (advisor) ; Kužel, Petr (referee) ; Hamrle, Jaroslav (referee)
This work is dedicated to the study of two antiferromagnetic materials that are suitable for use in spintronic devices. In series of FeRh samples we studied the transition temperature between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases. We developed a method based on material optical response for a quick determination of this temperature, which enabled us to study with a spatial resolution of 1 μm a magnetic inhomogeneity of prepared samples.We also developed a method for a determination of the Néel temperature and the magnetization easy axis position in thin films prepared from compensated antiferromagnetic metal. We successfully applied this method on an uniaxial sample of CuMnAs and we discussed its applicability for a research of samples with a biaxial magnetic anisotropy.
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Magneto-optical characterization of spintronic materials
Wohlrath, Vladislav ; Němec, Petr (advisor) ; Olejník, Kamil (referee)
This work deals with magneto-optical measurements using a recently built prototype of a two- dimensional electromagnet. In the first stage, an experimental setup for magneto-optical measurements was constructed, which enables to study Voigt effect and magnetic linear dichroism. In the second stage, this setup was tested by measuring hysteresis loops in a sample of ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs. In the final stage, we performed a new type of magneto- optical experiments, which fully exploits the two-dimensional control of the magnetic field generated in the electromagnet.
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Theoretical Modeling of Two-dimensional Magnetic Materials
He, Junjie ; Nachtigall, Petr (advisor) ; Zhang, Gang (referee) ; Blonski, Piotr (referee)
Two dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, phosphorene and transition metal chalcogenides, have received a great attention in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. A majority of 2D materials is intrinsically non-magnetic, therefore, their applications in spintronics are limited. The design and synthesis of new 2D materials with intrinsic magnetism and high spin-polarization remains a challenge. Computational discovery of new 2D materials with desired magnetic and electronic properties is the subject of this thesis. Using density functional theory with PBE, PBE+U and HSE06 functionals, we have systematically investigated the structure, electronic, magnetic and topological properties of novel 2D materials. Investigated materials include MXenes and layered transition-metal trihalides, both with great potential applications in spintronic devices. Four different classes of materials showing unique magnetic properties were investigated and reported in this thesis. (1) Asymmetrically functionalized MXenes were studied. The coexistence of the fully compensated antiferromagnetic order (zero magnetization) and completely spin-polarized semiconductivity was found for the first time. Moreover, the spin carrier orientation and induced transition from bipolar antiferromagnetic...
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Nanostructures and Materials for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
Reichlová, Helena ; Novák, Vít (advisor) ; Ferguson, Andrew (referee) ; Kunc, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused on two open problems of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics: manipulation of AFM coupled moments and development of new materials combining AFM and semiconductor properties. We present three particular methods enabling AFM moments manipulation. The rst method, based on the exchange spring effect in an AFM/FM double layer, strongly de- pends on the AFM layer thickness and temperature. We systematically vary these two parameters and identify the conditions when AFM moments can be manip- ulated. By the second method, cooling an AFM in a magnetic eld through the critical temperature, we prove the concept of a fully AFM-based (containing no FM) spintronic device. The last studied method is based on current induced effects in nanostructures containing an AFM. By systematic study of samples with and without AFM we demonstrate the ability of AFM moments to absorb a current induced torque. Relying neither on a FM nor on cooling in magnetic eld, this method represents an elegant way of AFM moments manipulation. In the second experimental part new materials for AFM spintronics are discussed, and one representative example, CuMnAs, is studied in detail. Characterization of bulk and epitaxial CuMnAs is presented and rst spintronic functionality is shown. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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