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Correlation of Thermoanalytical Data with Primary Properties of Humified Substrata
Kislinger, Jiří ; Šimon, Peter (referee) ; Tesařová, Marta (referee) ; Schaumann, Gabriele (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Tato dizertační práce je napsána jako termoanalytická studie humifikovaných substrátů, tj. huminových látek a půdních vzorků, získaných z několika různých zdrojů tak, aby byl pokryt co nejširší rozsah primárních charakteristik. Práce hledá lineární korelace (s využitím Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu) mezi kinetikou termo-oxidační degradace (sledovanou pomocí termogravimetrie (TGA) a vyjádřenou konverzním časem stanoveným neizotermickou izokonverzní metodou) a standardními charakteristikami, jako je množství aromatického a karboxylového uhlíku přítomného v huminových látkách stanoveného spektroskopií nukleární magnetické rezonance (NMR). Hlavním cílem této práce je objasnit proces termo-oxidační degradace humifikované části přírodní organické hmoty a hledat závislosti mezi primární a sekundární strukturou huminových látek. Dalším úkolem je nalezení korelace mezi termogravimetrickým úbytkem hmotnosti půdních vzorků a jejich mikrobiální stabilitou měřenou v laboratorních experimentech jakožto půdní respirace (tedy uvolňování oxidu uhličitého). Účelem je zjistit, zdali vzájemné propojení vůbec existuje, a objasnit jaké druhy procesů, které provázejí půdní respiraci, je možné jednoduše odhalit pomocí TGA. Výsledky práce skýtají detailnější pohled na termickou analýzu půdních vzorků a jiných humifikovaných materiálů. Hlavním přínosem této práce je prezentace vyskytujících se aplikací termické analýzy pro charakterizaci půdní organické hmoty a dále také příspěvek k rozvoji aplikací technik termické analýzy v půdní vědě.
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Biochar Effect on the Microbial Processes in Soil
Losová, Anežka ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the investigation of the biochar effect on the microbial processes in soil. The theoretical part describes the properties of the soil, the characteristics of biochar, the definition of the methods of its production and the influence of biochar on microbial activity in soil. The experimental part was focused on optimization of the conditions for assessing of the effect of biochar on the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter through monitoring of the release of carbon dioxide from soil without biochar and from the biochar-amended soil with NPK fertilizer. Carbon dioxide was sorbed into sodium hydroxide during the incubation and the released amount was determined by titration. In the following part of the thesis, the experiments were focused on assessing the effect of increased soil temperature and humidity on the amount of CO2 released by soil respiration. Experimental data showed that biochar promoted the microbial activity and this effect was even enhanced by addition of NPK fertilizer to a defined amount of biochar. The increased temperature negatively influenced the microbial processes in soil, as the rate of soil respiration of carbon dioxide decreased. Excessive moisture had also a negative effect on microbial activity, resulted in the slowed rate of the soil respiration. In summary, biochar has a positive effect on microbial activity and the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter in a defined amount under the appropriate conditions and it can be used as a suitable soil conditioner in agriculture.
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Quantification of the Influence of Biochar on Soil Respiration
Losová, Anežka ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This master‘s thesis is focused on the investigation of methods for evaluating the effect of biochar and NPK fertilizer on the activity of soil microorganisms by measuring soil respiration. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of soil, the properties of biochar and its production process. Furthermore, the literature research was focused on the definition and optimization of the various methodologies that can be used to measure soil respiration. The experimental part describes selected physicochemical characteristics of soil and biochar (pH, conductivity, water retention capacity). Thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis were used for measuring of the amount of organic and inorganic content and the composition of organic elements (C, H, O and N) in the soil and biochar samples. From the literature research, a dynamic incubation system was chosen for monitoring of the influence of biochar application on the microbial activity of soil microorganisms through the measurement of soil respiration. The produced carbon dioxide was sorbed into sodium hydroxide solution during the incubation and the released amount was determined by titration and conductometric method. The measured results of both methods correlated with each other, and both of these methods are suitable for determining the rate of soil respiration. Experimental data showed that biochar had positive effects on the rate of carbon dioxide production by soil respiration. The combined application of biochar and NPK fertilizer did not significantly increase the efficiency of biochar. In summary, biochar as a soil conditioner in agriculture has great potential to act and to support the level of soil respiration.
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Influence of bioplastic biodegradation on soil properties
Stanislavová, Veronika ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Biodegradabilné polyméry sa na trhu stávajú čoraz populárnejšími, a to najmä v poľnohospodárstve, kde sa vďaka svojim priaznivým vlastnostiam používajú ako nátery a mulčovacie fólie. V tejto štúdii bol skúmaný vplyv poly-3-hydroxybutyrátu (P3HB), vnútrobunkového bakteriálneho polyméru, na rôzne vlastnosti pôdy vrátane fyzikálnych, chemických a biologických parametrov s cieľom posúdiť jeho potenciálne využitie v poľnohospodárstve. Výsledky ukázali, že P3HB mal negatívny vplyv na obsah sušiny v pôde, nadzemnú biomasu a spôsobil mierne zníženie pH pôdy. Okrem toho sa aktivita vybraných enzýmov výrazne zvýšila, keď sa P3HB aplikoval samostatne alebo došlo k ešte väčšiemu nárastu v kombinácií s niektorými pôdnymi doplnkami. Výsledky sa líšili v závislosti od použitého pôdneho doplnku. Účinky boli buď negatívne, neutrálne alebo pozitívne. Na posúdenie miery biodegradácie P3HB, vplyvu P3HB na organickú hmotu a zadržiavanie vody sa použila termogravimetrická analýza. Bolo preukázané, že prítomnosť organických doplnkov ovplyvnila rýchlosť degradácie P3HB a iných organických látok v pôde. Okrem toho aplikácia P3HB do pôdy viedla k inhibícii rastu rastlín (Zea mays L.). Pridanie zmien do pôdy pred aplikáciou P3HB tento účinok zlepšilo len okrajovo. Dospelo sa k záveru, že biodegradácia P3HB podporovala mikrobiálnu aktivitu, čo mohlo v konečnom dôsledku negatívne ovplyvniť dostupnosť esenciálnych živín v pôde. Okrem toho výsledky z termogravimetrickej analýzy naznačujú, že kombinácia P3HB a biouhlia by mohla prispieť k lepšiemu zadržiavania vody v pôde.
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Priming effects and its relation to accumulation of soil organic matter during succession
Galertová, Renata ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Priming effects are fast short-term changes in the turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Depending on sources of released CO2, priming effects are classified as real (acceleration of mineralization SOM) or apparent (release of CO2 due to accelerated microbial biomass turnover). Mechanisms causing priming effects remain poorly understood. Microbial competition, nitrogen limitation, microbial diversity changes, effect of living roots are the most often mentioned among mechanisms that cause priming effect. In my thesis I have studied intensity of priming effects in soil from post mining heap that vary in age and SOM content. These soils were affected by addition of substrates with different complexity (glucose, starch and cellulose) in two levels. Addition of 0.2 ml 1.75 % glucose, starch and cellulose solution resulted in statistically significant increase in CO2 release only in one soil. Addition of 0.8 ml 1.75 % glucose, starch and cellulose solution cause significant increase in released CO2 in 3 from 5 soils. Causes of these changes are not clear however in some cases it exceed level of added C could mean real priming effects connected to release already stored C. In soils where organic matter was accumulated on the soil surface and is not mixed into soil was observed the most strong priming...
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Biochar Effect on the Microbial Processes in Soil
Losová, Anežka ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the investigation of the biochar effect on the microbial processes in soil. The theoretical part describes the properties of the soil, the characteristics of biochar, the definition of the methods of its production and the influence of biochar on microbial activity in soil. The experimental part was focused on optimization of the conditions for assessing of the effect of biochar on the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter through monitoring of the release of carbon dioxide from soil without biochar and from the biochar-amended soil with NPK fertilizer. Carbon dioxide was sorbed into sodium hydroxide during the incubation and the released amount was determined by titration. In the following part of the thesis, the experiments were focused on assessing the effect of increased soil temperature and humidity on the amount of CO2 released by soil respiration. Experimental data showed that biochar promoted the microbial activity and this effect was even enhanced by addition of NPK fertilizer to a defined amount of biochar. The increased temperature negatively influenced the microbial processes in soil, as the rate of soil respiration of carbon dioxide decreased. Excessive moisture had also a negative effect on microbial activity, resulted in the slowed rate of the soil respiration. In summary, biochar has a positive effect on microbial activity and the rate of mineralization of soil organic matter in a defined amount under the appropriate conditions and it can be used as a suitable soil conditioner in agriculture.
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Priming effects and its relation to accumulation of soil organic matter during succession
Galertová, Renata ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee) ; Frouz, Jan (advisor)
Priming effects are fast short-term changes in the turnover of soil organic matter (SOM). Depending on sources of released CO2, priming effects are classified as real (acceleration of mineralization SOM) or apparent (release of CO2 due to accelerated microbial biomass turnover). Mechanisms causing priming effects remain poorly understood. Microbial competition, nitrogen limitation, microbial diversity changes, effect of living roots are the most often mentioned among mechanisms that cause priming effect. In my thesis I have studied intensity of priming effects in soil from post mining heap that vary in age and SOM content. These soils were affected by addition of substrates with different complexity (glucose, starch and cellulose) in two levels. Addition of 0.2 ml 1.75 % glucose, starch and cellulose solution resulted in statistically significant increase in CO2 release only in one soil. Addition of 0.8 ml 1.75 % glucose, starch and cellulose solution cause significant increase in released CO2 in 3 from 5 soils. Causes of these changes are not clear however in some cases it exceed level of added C could mean real priming effects connected to release already stored C. In soils where organic matter was accumulated on the soil surface and is not mixed into soil was observed the most strong priming...
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Correlation of Thermoanalytical Data with Primary Properties of Humified Substrata
Kislinger, Jiří ; Šimon, Peter (referee) ; Tesařová, Marta (referee) ; Schaumann, Gabriele (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Tato dizertační práce je napsána jako termoanalytická studie humifikovaných substrátů, tj. huminových látek a půdních vzorků, získaných z několika různých zdrojů tak, aby byl pokryt co nejširší rozsah primárních charakteristik. Práce hledá lineární korelace (s využitím Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu) mezi kinetikou termo-oxidační degradace (sledovanou pomocí termogravimetrie (TGA) a vyjádřenou konverzním časem stanoveným neizotermickou izokonverzní metodou) a standardními charakteristikami, jako je množství aromatického a karboxylového uhlíku přítomného v huminových látkách stanoveného spektroskopií nukleární magnetické rezonance (NMR). Hlavním cílem této práce je objasnit proces termo-oxidační degradace humifikované části přírodní organické hmoty a hledat závislosti mezi primární a sekundární strukturou huminových látek. Dalším úkolem je nalezení korelace mezi termogravimetrickým úbytkem hmotnosti půdních vzorků a jejich mikrobiální stabilitou měřenou v laboratorních experimentech jakožto půdní respirace (tedy uvolňování oxidu uhličitého). Účelem je zjistit, zdali vzájemné propojení vůbec existuje, a objasnit jaké druhy procesů, které provázejí půdní respiraci, je možné jednoduše odhalit pomocí TGA. Výsledky práce skýtají detailnější pohled na termickou analýzu půdních vzorků a jiných humifikovaných materiálů. Hlavním přínosem této práce je prezentace vyskytujících se aplikací termické analýzy pro charakterizaci půdní organické hmoty a dále také příspěvek k rozvoji aplikací technik termické analýzy v půdní vědě.
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Factors determining soil respiration rate in herbaceous wetland ecosystem
STARÁ, Alžběta
Annotation: Soil respiration represents an important flow of CO2 between atmosphere and soil. Carbon bounded in the process of photosynthesis may be fixed in soil, but also may be released back to atmosphere in the form of CO2. An accurate evaluation of global carbon balance is a key for the estimation of future development of atmospheric concentration of CO2 and prediction of climate changes. The soil respiration of selected wetland biotopes with graminoid vegetation was studied in relation to concentration of soil carbon, nutrient availability, soil moisture and soil temperature during the vegetation season 2008. The observed wetlands included a locality located near the village of Hamr with mineral soil and the nature reserve Záblatské meadows with organic soil. Soil respiration was measured as CO2 release from soil with the use of the equipment LiCor 6400 with soil chamber. The influence of fertilizer application on CO2 release was not proved for either locality. A relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture was found on Záblatské meadows, where the CO2 release declined with increasing soil moisture.
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