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The impact of urban sprawl on the environment.
Havel, Petr ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The suburbanization process - a shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe - is not only a socioeconomical phenomenon; city spatial expansion is a serious concern for an environment as well. The volume of suburban and sprawling areas is constantly increasing, moreover the character of this development is inefficient both spatially and energetically. A crucial changes take place in a landscape, which is being fragmented and homogenized. Those changes affect organisms, which live in the landscape; their natural environment is intensively modified and not all of them are able to get used to a newly created conditions and resist to a pressure of invasive species. A lot of compacted and impervious surfaces negatively influence not only the biota, but also a water quality, infiltration and water regime. Last but not least, new development seals a lot of quality agricultural land. Sealed soils are irreversibly deteriorated and become useless for further agricultural use. Despite the fact, that legislative in the Czech Republic should protect the high-quality agricultural soils, the study, made in the surroundings of D1 highway shows that's not the case. Two thirds of the commercial suburban development take place on the most productive and valuable soils. This number suggests poor...
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Assessment health/quality of the soil near the village Bohaté Málkovice
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Diploma thesis evaluates quality and healthiness of the soil health located close to Bohate Malkovice focusing on changes in both physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in time. The theoretical part describes physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the soil. Selected physical parameters are structure, texture, determination of measured weight, bulk density of the soil, porosity, actual volumetric water content of the soil, aeration, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, and colour. Chosen chemical parameters are pH, carbonates, soil electrical conductivity, and humus content. Picked biological parameters are microbial biomass, respiration, nitrogen content, and weed infestation. The practical part analyses selected indicators of quality of the soil from the location of the experiment close to Bohate Malkovice. The area under evaluation has been treated using reduced tillage for long term. The practical part is based on the laboratory examination of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples taken between years 2016 and 2018. Based on outcome results we can evaluate the quality of the soil considering plants growth, development, and soil fertility.
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The employment of cone penetrometer to detect soil compaction in a model area
Plasová, Marie ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
There are some authors who claim that the soil is one of the nonrenewable resources, because pedogenesis is thousand-years-long process. Unfortunately, natural features of soil are often degraded - the mechanism of this is describe below in this work. The thesis focuses on one of the soil degradation processes - pedocompaction in context of intensive agriculture. It is much better to prevent the soil compaction then to try to fix it afterwards; the price is high and the soil after land development is still not as good as it originally was. In this work we used a model area in Kleneč in an attempt to examine the relationship between a colored mosaic seen on the ortophoto with data on profile depth gained from terrain measuring using cone penetrometer. The results were analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Their results are somewhat contradictious: the correlation is 37, 6 % with p-value 0,44 and the regression is 6,55 % with p-value 0,18. The reason could be that the relationship between the phenomena is non-linear. For clearer conclusion, it would be better to do more analysis on the field and in the laboratory as well. Key words: soil degradation, soil compaction, pedocompaction, penetrometer
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Impact of uncoventional technologies of soil cultivation on soil quality
Suchá, Kateřina ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Agricultural land is being handled by various tillage of soil which affects properties of soil. There are two types of tillage treatment. These are conventional (classic) tillage with plowing and minimization tillage (plowing is excluded). The aim of this particular work is to assess the quality of the soil near the village of Bohaté Málkovice, which is being (long-term) handled by minimization tillage. As indicators of soil quality, we used selected physical and physico-chemical characteristics, which are determined from analysis of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples from the top soil layer (0-10 cm) by standard methods in laboratory conditions. The theoretical part describes the basic physical properties of the soil and the ways of their determination. The practical part is devoted to the presentation of the examined locality and the results of selected physical and physico-chemical properties of the soil are presented and subsequently evaluated. In the conclusion, the impact of used tillage in Bohaté Málkovice on the selected soil properties is assessed.
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Impact of commercial urban sprawl on soil cover on the outskirts of Prague and its future predictions
Havel, Petr ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The urban sprawl cannot be any longer perceived as a solely esthetic and socioeconomic problem. The process of shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe has significant environmental impacts as well. Typicaly, suburban areas are spatially and therefore energetically demanding, the landscape is being fragmented by their presence and the natural environment of organisms is severely modified or destroyed. Soil sealing and impervious surfaces lead to altered heat and moist regimes, infiltration rate and runoff. Soils at city fringe - usually very productive and valuable - are endangered by total loss of all of their functions, both environmental and agricultural. That is also the case of Prague surroundings, where high quality soils, which are supposed to be protected by the law, are irreversibly degraded by urban sprawl. Logistic regression model in this work has proved that commercial urban sprawl tends to occur in areas with a good logistic position and a level terrain. The awareness of factors, which are favorable for urban sprawl, can be utilized in future to make local planning more effective and prevent sealing of high-quality agricultural soils, which are currently built on. By sprawling on an agricultural land, Czech Republic loses its natural wealth and valuable...
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The impact of urban sprawl on the environment.
Havel, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (referee) ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor)
The suburbanization process - a shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe - is not only a socioeconomical phenomenon; city spatial expansion is a serious concern for an environment as well. The volume of suburban and sprawling areas is constantly increasing, moreover the character of this development is inefficient both spatially and energetically. A crucial changes take place in a landscape, which is being fragmented and homogenized. Those changes affect organisms, which live in the landscape; their natural environment is intensively modified and not all of them are able to get used to a newly created conditions and resist to a pressure of invasive species. A lot of compacted and impervious surfaces negatively influence not only the biota, but also a water quality, infiltration and water regime. Last but not least, new development seals a lot of quality agricultural land. Sealed soils are irreversibly deteriorated and become useless for further agricultural use. Despite the fact, that legislative in the Czech Republic should protect the high-quality agricultural soils, the study, made in the surroundings of D1 highway shows that's not the case. Two thirds of the commercial suburban development take place on the most productive and valuable soils. This number suggests poor...
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The effect of soil structure on the hydraulic characteristics of the soil
Čermák, Petr ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Soil is very important in the hydrological cycle of landscape. The retention and storage ability depends on the quality, type of structure and other properties of the soil. The retention ability of soil is determined by gravitational pores (the coarsest pores), which are drained off after filling the water. The accumulation depends on the capillary pores in which water is bounded by capillary forces. The soil works also as a filter´s environment which cleans naturally the water. This process can be also converse, when various substances are released from soil to water. The state and amount of water between the surface of soil and level of groundwater affect many important processes such as fertility of soil, drain from drainage area, supply of groundwater sources and others. Structure of soil changes fundamentally by cultivation of soil and types of farming crops. Aggregates are mechanical destructed by weather conditions and soil gradually loses its good qualities, fertility is reducing and flood protection is decreasing. This fact can be avoided by right choice of crops and the type of tillage soil.
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