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Determinants of Social Expenditure Levels in the EU
Roženský, Vojtěch ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Izák, Vratislav (referee) ; Nemec, Juraj (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to identify the determiants of social expenditure levels in EU member states and estimate the sensitivities. The analysis is based on the fixed effects model with robust standard errors. Seven out of the 24 variables, that have been tested, are statistically significant. Social expenditure levels are positively dependent on population ageing, unemployment rate and economic level, and negatively on economic growth. The openness of economy and public debt ratio are also robust. The presence of a christian party in government is also statistically significant, however, the coefficient is not theoretically consistent. The sensitivity of social expenditure level to the share of population aged 65 years and over on the total population, is about 0,30. It means, that on average, the rise in the share of the old by 1 percentage point, is followed by the rise of social expenditure level by 0,3% of the GDP. In case of unemployment rate, economic growth and the openness of economy, the sensitivity estimates are 0,3, -0,1 and -0,03. The sensitivities to the other three robust variables cannot be quantified due to a strong dependence on the exact model specification or a bias, caused by extreme values. The expenditure on pensions are relatively more dependent on population ageing, whereas other social expenditure are more sensitive to current position in economic cycle. The determinants in the old and the new EU member states are similar, with only one exception, as the expenditure levels in the new member states are less dependent on demographic structure. The model explains international differences and the changes during the period between 1990 and 2010.
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Solidarity nad Social Justice in Society
Kankrlík, Tomáš ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Kubelková, Karina (referee)
The paper focuses on the welfare state, which is enjoying the favor on the one hand and facing the strong criticism on the other hand. The work aims to assess the relationship of the social expenditure share in GDP and the GDP growth in the selected European countries, namely Sweden, Germany and Great Britain. Within the solution of this question the work focuses first on the theory of the welfare state and the state intervention approaches applied in the exercise of social policy. Further the work points to the adverse effects of the social policy. In the applied part the paper analyzes the countries in terms of the structure of social expenditures, their share in GDP and the GDP growth in the period. The paper focuses particularly on the relationship of the share of social expenditures in GDP and the GDP growth. In all three cases the demonstration of the dependence of observed variables based on correlation analysis failed. At the conclusion the work provides evaluation of the relationship of the social expenditure share in GDP and the unemployment rate, where the dependence of both indicators was confirmed.
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Comparison of European social models in terms of their sustainability
Trousilová, Jana ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Křížek, Josef (referee)
Social policy in individual EU countries are different, but at it's core based on the sharing of basic, social and human values. Based on the level of state involvement in social practice to differentate free respectively four ideal types of social policy defined by Esping-Andersen. There are specific indicators such as economic growth, unemployment rate or the level of social expenditure, which can identify different types and distinguish between the level of state particition. The aim of my work is to analyze the European social model and social behavior of states distinguished by thedifferent models they use (Sweden, Germany, Great Britain and Spain). Defined by the European social model, at a certain abstraction of identifying the essential characteristics of social policy in seleted European countries in order to determine which intellectual concept in the typology of social policy is the closest.
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Welfare state: Crisis and Perspectives
Černá, Pavlína ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kučerová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the crisis of the welfare state, which is causing problems in the public finance and deteriorating economic situation in many countries. Compares two groups of similar economic level OECD countries which spend the highest and the lowest social expenditure in percentage of GDP. Observes differences in their economic and demographic situation. The thesis also deals with the causes of the crisis and provides an example of successful economic reform, which significantly reduced growth of the welfare state and started a very successful economic period. The results of the analysis and the example of the reform provide some proposals for the welfare state cisis solution throught liberal way.
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