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Změny ve vývoji hltanových žláz a obsahu celkového proteinu v hemolymfě dělnic včely medonosné
Babica, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on developmental specifics of honeybees emerged during the season and on monitoring the differences between weak, medium and strong honeybee colonies. The level of the total haemolymph protein appears to be an important indicator of worker bee condition and signals of the occurrence of the winter generation of bees. The level of the total haemolymph protein of bees emerged in August was several times higher than the protein level of bees hatched from May to the end of July. The strong colonies showed the highest values of total haemolymph protein. The size of the hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) indicates the biological aging of the workers and development of the bee colony during season. Nurses were characterized by the most developed HPGs, and foragers had HPGs atrophied. Bees emerged in the late summer had more developed HPGs. These physiological parameters are influenced by the division of labour in dependence of temporal and biological polyethism.
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Hodnocení jakostních parametrů kozích jogurtů v závislosti na vstupní surovině
Němcová, Vendula
The aim of the work was to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of organic goat yoghurts and milk, which was used for their production. The results were evaluated depending on the season and storage time of yoghurts. Sampling took place during spring, summer, autumn and winter. The sampling schedule during storage was chosen according to the shelf life given by the producer with the possibility of extending the shelf life of the product. The evaluated parameters included dry matter, fat, protein and lactose content, titratable and active acidity and microbiological analysis (total number of microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic microorganisms, coliform bacteria, enterococci and micromycetes). Goat's milk and, depending on it, yoghurts were subject to seasonal changes in composition with a higher dry matter content in winter and lower in summer. These differences were also reflected in the different titratable acidity and the total number of microorganisms. No coliform bacteria were present in the yoghurts. Enterococci, psychrotrophs and micromycetes (mostly yeasts) have been reported. Between the 3rd and 13th day of storage the number of psychrotrophs and micromycetes increased significantly. For yeasts and molds, another significant increase followed between the 18th and 24th day of storage. Only slight post-acidification was observed during yoghurt’s storage.
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Seasonal variation of the territorial behaviour of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.).
Kadlecová, Hana ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Červený, Jaroslav (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the temporal and spatial changes in activity of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.) during different seasons. Basic dataset was obtained by continuous telemetric monitoring of selected individuals in years 2008 and 2009 in two different geographical areas, namely in the Bohemian forest and in southern Moravia. The scope of the thesis was to record, evaluate and interpret the behavior of European beaver during the year. I focused myself especially on the beginning and end of activity in relation to incidence of sunrise and sunset, duration of stay in the field, changes in the size of actively-used area and time-duration and length of the movement. In cases where there were more active individuals monitored within the studied area, I also watched for their mutual interaction. In statistical analysis of gained data I also took into account the sex and age of the individuals. Beaver's behavior varies during the year. They are most active in spring and autumn, while in winter their activity decreases significantly. This observation is valid not only for the time duration and length of movement trajectories, but also for the size of actively-used area. The beginning of activity is strongly correlated with the sunset, while the end does not show any correlation with...
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Seasonal changes of water quality in reservoirs of the Litovecko-Šarecká cascade
Stegarescu, Rodica ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with monitoring of water quality in the reservoirs which form the Litovicko- Šárecká cascade. It is a cascade of ponds, waterworks and retention reservoirs situated on the Litovicko-Šárecký stream and is composed of 9 major reservoirs. These reservoirs have different functions: from landscaping, retention, biological as well as recreation: fishing and swimming. Many of these reservoirs flow through human settlements, which have a negative impact on the quality of water within the whole cascade. The goal of this thesis is to monitor physical and chemical indicators of water as well as to determine the composition of phytoplankton populations, assess the state of water depending on the human activities in the basin and also to monitor how has the water quality changed in time and what are the main pollution sources. The water quality was determined from 11 samples collected with monthly intervals during March 2012 to May 2013. Samples were collected on all the reservoirs from the inflow, in the middle and at the outflow for chemical analysis and only from the middle for biological analysis. The following indicators were monitored: temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, indicators of neutralization capacity (ZNK8.3 a KNK4.5), hardness, CODMn, the concentration of...
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Seasonal variation of the territorial behaviour of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.).
Kadlecová, Hana ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Červený, Jaroslav (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the temporal and spatial changes in activity of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.) during different seasons. Basic dataset was obtained by continuous telemetric monitoring of selected individuals in years 2008 and 2009 in two different geographical areas, namely in the Bohemian forest and in southern Moravia. The scope of the thesis was to record, evaluate and interpret the behavior of European beaver during the year. I focused myself especially on the beginning and end of activity in relation to incidence of sunrise and sunset, duration of stay in the field, changes in the size of actively-used area and time-duration and length of the movement. In cases where there were more active individuals monitored within the studied area, I also watched for their mutual interaction. In statistical analysis of gained data I also took into account the sex and age of the individuals. Beaver's behavior varies during the year. They are most active in spring and autumn, while in winter their activity decreases significantly. This observation is valid not only for the time duration and length of movement trajectories, but also for the size of actively-used area. The beginning of activity is strongly correlated with the sunset, while the end does not show any correlation with...
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Influence of leaf age on the Rubisco content
Matulková, Zuzana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis describes the influence of leaf senescence on the Rubisco enzyme content in Fagus sylvatica, grown both in normal and elevated athmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Tha samples were collected at the Station of experimental ecology, Institute of systems biology and ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, White Cross in Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. To specify the determination three series of samples were taken in following order - the first one on 22nd May 2007, the second one on 24th July 2007, and the third one then on 4th September 2007.The Rubisco enzyme content in leafs was measured by the SDS-PAGE method. In Fagus species grown in elevated carbon dioxide concentration we observed the depression of Rubisco enzyme content during the vegetation period. Reversely in Fagus species grown in normal carbon dioxide concentration the Rubisco enzyme content was increasing.
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Farmaka a další chemikálie pro osobní potřebu člověka - jejich stabilita a osud ve vodním prostředí
GOLOVKO, Oksana
The main objective of this study was to assess the influence of sample storage on analysis, the seasonal changes in concentrations and removal efficiencies (REs) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the photostability of pharmaceuticals under different sources of light were studied. Data obtained from stability studies showed that storage conditions had a significant impact on the stability of samples, and thus were very important for reliable determination of target compounds. The season can have an important influence on the variability of concentration and elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in WWTPs throughout the year. The target analytes were 10 antibiotics, 4 antidepressants, 3 psychotropics, 2 antihistamines, 2 lipid regulators, 4 UV filters, 3 analgesics/anti-inflammatories, and 9 anti-hypertensive/cardiovascular drugs. Wastewater samples (136 influents and 136 effluents) were collected from March 2011 to February 2012 and analyzed using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The concentration of most pharmaceuticals was higher in winter. In most cases, elimination of PPCPs was insufficient, and removal rates varied strongly from 38% to 100%. There were significant seasonal trends in the observed REs, which decreased in winter. Photodegradation of 88 pharmaceuticals was investigated in buffered purified water. These experiments were performed both in sunlight and in the laboratory under artificial UV light. We found that photostability of PPCPs depends on the light sources, and that the rate of photolysis was slower under artificial UV light in most pharmaceuticals.
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