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Analysis of on farm maize production systems and suggestions for improvement
ŠIMKOVÁ, Libuše
Maize is currently one of the most important feed crops. If we want to grow it effi-ciently, we should spend enough time selecting a suitable plot, seed and sowing date. When selecting the sowing date, it is important to achieve a temperature of 8 °C at sowing depth. The maize is sown at a depth of 3-4 cm and can be sown in conventional rows (75 cm), narrow rows (35 cm) or twin rows. Maize is a slow-growing crop, so it is important to pay attention to mechanical or chemical weed control. When harvesting maize for silage, the whole plant can be harvested or the split harvesting technique of CCM and LKS can be used. The hybrids WELAS, PERSEUS and AKANTO were evaluated. WELAS is a double line (Sc), early hyb-rid (FAO 240) and PERSEUS is a triple line (Tc), early hybrid (FAO 250). The PERSEUS hybrid was able to give a higher yield than WELAS in the plots evalu-ated. The hybrid used, agrotechnique and soil moisture availability had the greatest effect on yield.
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Možnosti inovace systému zpracování půdy v zemědělském podniku
Brabec, Jan
This thesis is focused on Mr. Pohanels farm and its tillage system. First, the work discusses findings from the literature sources about soil tillage systems. The following part is focused on characteristics of the farm, its production, natural conditions and brief history of the farm. It describes the historical and current agricultural technology and economical evaluation of current soil tillage system. The next part proposes innovations of the soil tillage system, with respect to improve the soil condition, possibility to increase the yields of major crops, and reduce fuel consumption. In the end is made a comparison of existing and proposed soil tillage system.
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Porovnáni výkonnosti a spotřeby pohonných hmot u secích strojů
HOLEČEK, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis deals with the seed drills, especially by comparing their different constructions in the specific conditions of the farm in the Czech Republic. In the introduction, there is a general overview of the properties of the soil, followed by various processing methods of the soil from which the methods of founding plants are derived. Then, I briefly summarized the most widely used seed drills in the Czech Republic, their components, advantages and disadvantages. The step which follows is the evaluation of the measured fuel consumption of two different seed drills in a particular farm. I will evaluate the costs of purchase and operation of seeding machines for the observed technology. At the end I will answer the hypothesis of the objectives of this work and bring out conclusions for practice.
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Hodnocení strojů pro pásové zpracování půdy
HEŘMÁNEK, Aleš
The Bachelor thesis deals with strip tillage technology. It describes possibilities of its use and technological options, which are available at present. Furthermore, not only advatages of the strip tillage technology towards the environment and soil are described in this theses, but also certain limitations and pitfalls, which may appear while using such technology. The first part of the thesis is focused on history of soil proccessing starting with the very first agricultural tools. Use of the first mechanization operations with soil while using the first plows, are captured in this thesis, followed by a description and distribution of minimization technologies, including strip tillage technology. The information are complemented by a description of agriculture machinery. The practical part deals with metodology and results of measuring related to performance of a selected seeder, the Mzuri PRO-TIL 4T. One of the evaluating criteria was setting up the depth of soil processing, the number of lumps as well as the amount of plant remains in the particular strips of the area, the number of grown plants, placing seeds into the desired depth and efficiency of the specific set. The thesis is complemented by specifications of the agriculture company HZT Technik-servis, a.s., as well as by a simple analysis of investment and operating costs.
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Vliv agrotechniky na produkční charakteristiky a ekonomiku výroby silážní kukuřice
Bártů, Ondřej
The subject of this thesis was through a field experiment to compare the economics of different options silage maize. Comparisons were ways to stand establishment and variants of fertilization, the nitrogen dose was always the same. It analyzed the influence of fertilizer with the addition of sulfur on maize cultivation. When comparing the establishment of vegetation were evaluated influences on selected production characteristics of silage maize. It was evaluated price per sown hectare, more expensive option, seeding side dress treatment under the heel was implemented through agricultural services and cheaper alternative was seeding fertilizer under the heel of machines owned by the company. Fertilization formed the basis of all variants urea applied before seeding at 250 kg per hectare. In cases when fertilizer was applied directly to seed, it was also used urea. The rest to a total dose of 200 kg nitrogen per hectare was in both versions foundation used more fertilizers, which was urea, manure and aqueous solution of ammonium sulphate with urea (SAM). Even if fertilization effects were evaluated at selected production characteristics depending on the price.
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Commented translation of Mirror Worlds (In: Basalla, George. Civilized Life in the Universe: Scientists on Intelligent Extraterrestrials. Cary, NC: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. ISBN: 9780198038351)
Šveřepová, Andrea ; Jettmarová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šťastná, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to translate Chapter 10 - Mirror Worlds - from George Basalla's book Civilized Life in the Universe: Scientists on Intelligent Extraterrestrials. This thesis includes the translation and the source text, as well as a commentary on the translation. The commentary theoretically reflects the translation process and is divided into four parts. The first part contains an analysis of the source text and potential translation problems. The second part describes the selected translation method and also comments on the differences between the source and the target communication situation. The third part comprises typology and solution to the translation problems. The fourth part describes the shifts that have been made in the course of the translation process. Key words intelligence, life, extraterrestrial, alien, universe, culture, technology, civilization, SETI, anthropomorphism, translation, source text, text analysis, translation method, shift
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The influence of the number of plants on the yield of winter wheat in the context of precision seeding technologies
Paclt, Ladislav ; Brant, Václav (advisor) ; Zábranský, Petr (referee)
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most commonly grown cereal in the Czech Republic. The sowing area covers about 795 000 hectares. Quality seed is a good basis for the formation of stand structure during development, which is reflected in the yield and quality of production. The structure of the stand is shaped primarily by the number of plants per unit area, thereby the amount of seed rate. In traditional agricultural practice, the amount of seed rate is determined mainly by sowing date and agricultural production area. It is used convertion MKZ to weight in kg. Required quantity of seed is therefore given in kg and not in seed number. Commonly used seeding-machines moreover, are not able to precisely follow the seed sown.
The aim of this study was based on field experiments to assess the effect of different seeding rates in precision sowing on wheat yield. It is known that wheat plants have exceptional compensation capability, which consists mainly in tillering. When precise positioning of seeds per unit area, which maximally eliminates competition between plants, therefore, even in reduced seed rate should not shown to decrease yield. It was also evaluated the effect of the application of fertilizer during sowing into the zone of plant roots.
Field experiments were carried out in the years 2014/2015 in the locality Budihostice (Central Bohemia), GPS coordinates 50 ° 17'48.664 "N, 14 ° 14'36.130" E. For seeding carried out 3. 10. 2014 was used test modular drill Farmet with width of 1.5 m and with the use of precision seeding. The zonal application to a depth of 85 and 180 mm at seeding was used NPK fertilizer (15/15/15) in a uniform dose of 80 kg/ha. Seed rate in the experimental plots ranged from 200 to 350 grains per m2. Control variant representing conventionally planting was established with a seed rate of 450 grains per m2. Total was based six variants without fertilization, six variants with the location of the fertilizer to a depth loosening of 85 and 180 mm and the control variant. Harvest was 30. 7. 2015.
Differences in the number of plants are primarily reflected in the number of ears on a single plant. This factor was the most important yield-forming element. Lower yield compared with the control variant, which achieved yield 9,509 t/ha, was set on plots with the number of plants under 200 pieces per m2. In areas with a number of plants more than 200 pieces per m2 was beyond one variant set higher yield. Variants with the number of plants more than 230 pieces per m2 and fertilization achieved a higher yield than areas without fertilization. These differences were not statistically significant. Influence of zonal fertilization was not surely proved.
The experiments have shown that reducing the number of plants per unit area may be due stand compensation capability provide similar yields as conventional variant.
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Seeding machines: preparation of learning material
KOLÁŘ, Michal
This bachelor work is focused on the Seeders and their issues. The aim of this thesis is the preparation of educational texts for students of agricultural technology. In the first part it is shown the historical development of the seeding machinery, agro-technical requirements to them and also a description of the basic parts, which are the seeders consist. The next part of the thesis is devoted to the most important manufacturers of seeding machines, which are available on the Czech market. At the conclusion šěof the work of these machines compared. The criterion for the comparison is the working width of 6 metres
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Technologie a technika pro setí zrnin
Paveska, Martin
This document describes the technology and techniques of sowing grain. It deals with new technologies in agriculture and their pros and cons. In publication there is described many soil conservation methods for establishing of the plant growth and their technology, such as strip till sowing, sowing into twin rows, mulch, vegetation establishment into ridges and sowing in untreated soil. These technologies provide fuel savings, since the soil is not treated so intensively as for the establishment of vegetation in a conventional manner. The advantage of the new technologies is that it saves soil moisture, thereby supporting faster plant growth and providing more room for crops. Aditional importnat function is to protect against ineligible weeds and plant diseases. Crop stand establishment by soil conservation methods is friendly also for the soil, because due to the way of the establishmen no wind and water erosion may occur. New technologies are the future of agriculture.
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