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Cell polarity establishment and changes during Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle
Luxová, Pavla ; Malcová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šťovíček, Vratislav (referee)
Cell polarity can be defined as an asymmetric organization and distribution of biomolecules, cellular organelles and structures which are important for many cellular processes. Cell polarity establishment is essential for the proper development of all organisms. This work focuses on main mechanisms of cell polarity establishment, its maintenance and changes during Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. Budding yeast is one of the preferred model organism. Bud site selection is determined by the spatial landmarks which are accumulated at the previous division site. The spatial landmarks are recognized by Rho GTPases which act on their effectors and thus affect the actin cytoskeleton and septins. These structures are essential for polarized bud growth that is coordinated with the cell cycle. Newborn cells arising after the bud separation from the mother cell at the end of each cycle are able to undergo many more division cycles than their mothers what is a new challenge to study cell polarity in terms of cell aging.
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The study of the influence of vitamin E analogues on malignant mesothelioma
Kovářová, Jaromíra ; Neužil, Jiří (advisor) ; Kozubík, Alois (referee) ; Vítek, Libor (referee)
Cancer is a leading cause of death in the western world and is increasing in frequency world-wide. Although diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic approaches to cancer have improved, many types of cancer are still lethal due to the lack of radical treatment. One of the fatal neoplastic disease types with poor prognosis is represented by malignant mesothelioma (MM). MM is characterised by very high mortality rate and limited therapeutic options. The etiology of the disease is mainly associated with exposure to asbestos fibres. The incidence of MM is increasing in many countries. The search for novel molecular targets, anti-cancer strategies and drugs, which would considerably improve the treatment is of great importance. Certain new drugs, especially those with specific molecular targets, show high selectivity in their action to cancer cells, and have considerably increased the cure rate in some types of cancer. Mitochondria have recently emerged as a very promising target for anti-cancer agents. A group of compounds with anti-cancer activity that induce apoptosis by way of mitochondrial destabilisation, termed 'mitocans', have been a recent focus of research. Several mitocans have been shown to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and suppress the growth of many types of carcinomas in...
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Cell polarity establishment and changes during Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle
Luxová, Pavla ; Malcová, Ivana (advisor) ; Šťovíček, Vratislav (referee)
Cell polarity can be defined as an asymmetric organization and distribution of biomolecules, cellular organelles and structures which are important for many cellular processes. Cell polarity establishment is essential for the proper development of all organisms. This work focuses on main mechanisms of cell polarity establishment, its maintenance and changes during Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. Budding yeast is one of the preferred model organism. Bud site selection is determined by the spatial landmarks which are accumulated at the previous division site. The spatial landmarks are recognized by Rho GTPases which act on their effectors and thus affect the actin cytoskeleton and septins. These structures are essential for polarized bud growth that is coordinated with the cell cycle. Newborn cells arising after the bud separation from the mother cell at the end of each cycle are able to undergo many more division cycles than their mothers what is a new challenge to study cell polarity in terms of cell aging.
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