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Fermentation remainder treatment in a biogas plant
Budín, Oto ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with dewatering technologies of fermentation residues from biogas plants and aims to design an integration of selected technology into the biogas plant. Fermentation residues (or digestate), which are a by-product of anaerobic biomass fermentation in biogas plants, contain a certain amount of nutrients and are usually used as agricultural fertilizers. However, the high-water content in digestate and the associated low nutrient concentration increase the cost of its storage and transport. Dewatering of fermented material could help reduce these costs. The main part of this work included the design of an integration of the selected dewatering technology into the biogas plant – its placement in a process, an addition of necessary appliances, the influence on material and energy flows. In this case, the fermentation residues are processed in two phases. First, a separation of the solid and the liquid fraction by a screw press. The second step is to thicken the liquid digestate by evaporation in a multistage evaporator. Evaluation of the design of a dewatering technology, including its impact on the economy of the biogas plant, is also part of the diploma thesis.
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Zaplevelení kukuřice a hnojení organickými hnojivy
Robenek, Jakub
In the spring of 2023, field trials were set up on the school farming enterprise Nový Jičín plot to assess weed infestation the application of slurry, farmyard manure, digestate and separate. Liquid fertilisers (slurry, digestate) were applied at a rate of 50 m3, solid fertilisers (manure, separate) were applied at a rate of 50 t/ha. After the application of the selected fertilisers, they were incorporated, followed by tillage and sowing of maize (Zea mays). During the 6th leaf stage of maize, the current weed infestation was evaluated, followed by the application of herbicide, which successfully suppressed the weeds present. The results of the weed infestation showed differences between the fertilization treatments, with the highest weed infestation determined for the manure-fertilized treatment, followed by the digestate, slurry, and separate treatments. On the basis of statistical processing, the following weeds were identified as the most abundant weeds in the manure: red dead-nettle, common field-speedwell, common orache, common amarant, common fumitory, cockspur grass, curled dock, field pansy. The following weeds were present in the slurry: small-flowered cranesbill, cleavers, petty spurge, coltsfoot. The variant fertilised with digestate contained mainly weed species: wild radish, yellow charlock, shepherd’s-purse, field pennycress, field bindweed, rape, fat-hen, creeping thistle. In the part fertilised with separates, the following were mainly represented: field horsetail, mammoth red clover, common chickweed, dandelion, hoary cress, knotgrass, ribwort plantain. The last experimental variant was left without fertilisation, serving as a control. The identified weed species were also used for pH, N, P and salinity analysis as bioindicators. Weed species were divided according to the methodological guidelines into several groups representing certain criteria. During the comparison of the weed species criteria with the theoretical properties and character of the selected fertilizers, a conclusion was established in which the weed indications for each variant could be considered identical to the properties and character of the fertilizers.
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Production of an alternative fuel from digestate using bio-drying method
Rákosník, Vítězslav ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Šváb, Marek (referee)
Biogas represents one of the renewable sources of energy, which has been growing on use rapidly over the past decades. Biogas is produced during anaerobic digestion of organic material in biogas plants and it is most frequently used for heat and electricity production purposes. There are still plenty of unresolved questions as it is with the other renewable sources of energy. One of the most actual topics is the question of the subsequent usage of a digestate - side product of the biogas production process. Digestate is generally applied as an organic fertilizer for farmlands, but there are tendencies to use its solid phase for another energy producing processes or eventually as farm animal bedding, which is unfortunately connected with few problematic aspects such as transportation and storing of the biologically unstable material with high amount of water in it. Answer to those challenges could be provided by the bio-drying of the digestate's solid phaze - substrate is dried up by heat produced during the microbial decomposition of organic matter and artificial aeration. The main objective of the experimental part of this thesis was to comprehensively test the process of bio-drying of unmodified solid phase of digestate from different biogas plants with agricultural origin for the purpose of...
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Fermentation remainder treatment in a biogas plant
Budín, Oto ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with dewatering technologies of fermentation residues from biogas plants and aims to design an integration of selected technology into the biogas plant. Fermentation residues (or digestate), which are a by-product of anaerobic biomass fermentation in biogas plants, contain a certain amount of nutrients and are usually used as agricultural fertilizers. However, the high-water content in digestate and the associated low nutrient concentration increase the cost of its storage and transport. Dewatering of fermented material could help reduce these costs. The main part of this work included the design of an integration of the selected dewatering technology into the biogas plant – its placement in a process, an addition of necessary appliances, the influence on material and energy flows. In this case, the fermentation residues are processed in two phases. First, a separation of the solid and the liquid fraction by a screw press. The second step is to thicken the liquid digestate by evaporation in a multistage evaporator. Evaluation of the design of a dewatering technology, including its impact on the economy of the biogas plant, is also part of the diploma thesis.
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