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Selen ve výživě dojnic v ekologickém chovu
Šnajdr, Vladimír
Šnajdr Vladimir: Selenium in the diet of dairy cows in organic farming, Final thesis, Mendelu Brno, 50 pages. Selenium is one of a number of trace elements that are indispensable for the life of all species. Exceeding limits of the daily dose of selenium in the diet can cause toxicity of tthe organism. However, selenium deficiency can lead to diseases, particularly for species with high susceptibility to various kinds of diseases. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the influence of dietary selenium on qualitative and quantitative parameters of dairy cows in organic farming. The experiment itself was made on an organic dairy farm. The experiment involved 20 pieces of Holstein breed cows. They were divided into two balanced groups being at same stage of lactation. All the cows were fed a basic ration in the form of TMR with the addition of mineral premix Detamin GA Spezial designed for organic farms. The experimental and control group of cows took of 20.5 kg dry matter of feed/head/day. The basal diet contained 0.17 mg selenium /kg. Animals had ad libitum access to water. Selenium was added to the diet at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg (as selenomethionine) in the first group of cows (n=10). The second group of cows (n=10) served as a control without addition of selenium (control group of animals received only selenium from native sources). At the end of the experiment was after administration of selenium in the diet after 15 days in the group of cows examined detectable amount of selenium, which was constant throughout the duration of the experiment. The experimental group with selenium level ranged from 15 to 45 days in the interval from 0.13 to 0.15 mg/ml. In the control group, the amount of selenium throughout the entire duration of the experiment under the detection limit. The quantity of somatic cells was significantly reduced in the test group cows 128 thous./ml (P <0.05). Reducing the number of somatic cells was also observed even in the control group (about 49 tis./ml). The urea concentration significantly decreased in the experimental and control groups of 14.3 mg/100 ml (P <0.05) respectively about 13.7 mg/100 ml (P<0.05). The addition of selenium can improve animal health and to ensure the production of so-called functional foods Formula clause:Prohlašuji, že jsem práci: Selen ve výživě dojnic v ekologickém chovu vypracoval samostatně a veškeré použité prameny a informace uvádím v seznamu použité literatury. Souhlasím, aby moje práce byla zveřejněna v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách ve znění pozdějších předpisů a v souladu s platnou Směrnicí o zveřejňování vysokoškolských závěrečných prací. Jsem si vědom, že se na moji práci vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, a že Mendelova univerzita v Brně má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy a užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona. Dále se zavazuji, že před sepsáním licenční smlouvy o využití díla jinou osobou (subjektem) si vyžádám písemné stanovisko univerzity, že předmětná licenční smlouva není v rozporu s oprávněnými zájmy univerzity, a zavazuji se uhradit případný příspěvek na úhradu nákladů spojených se vznikem díla, a to až do jejich skutečné výše.
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Vliv selenu, zinku, vitamínu C a E na potlačení tepelného stresu u kanců
Půlpánová, Barbora
The aim of the study was influence of the complex of two elements (zinc, selenium) and two vitamins (vit C, vit E) on the organism of pigs under heat stress. Twenty boars of the Duroc breed were included in the experiment. The boars were approximately the same age and weight, housed individually. They were divided into 2 groups. The control group (n = 6) was fed only to a basic feed mixture containing 0.02 mg Se; 21.5 mg Zn; 9.9 mg of vitamin E and 16.0 mg of vitamin C. In addition, 0.5 mg of selenomethionine, 70 mg of alpha-tocopherol, 70 mg of zinc oxide and 350 mg of ascorbic acid were added to the diet (n = 6). The experiment took place from June to September at the insemination station in Velké Meziříčí. The control group showed a slight increase in ejaculate volume (by 19 %), which is common in the summer months. At the same time, the sperm concentration was unstable, it increased by 15 % in August, but fell below the baseline by 3.5 % in September. Motility was around 69 % during the experiment. Statistically significant was an increase (by 15 %) of morphologically abnormal sperm in the ejaculate (P < 0.05). The experimental group had higher ejaculate from the beginning. However, the volume curve was almost identical to the experimental group. The sperm concentration increased by 23 % in the trial group after adding antioxidants. During the experiment the concentration only slightly decreased. Motility in the experimental group averaged 70 % and did not change significantly during the experiment. Even in the control group there was a statistically significant increase in morphologically abnormal sperm (by 12.3 %), (P <0.05). From the results it can be concluded that the increased amount of selected antioxidants did not have a demonstrable effect on the improvement of the ejaculate quality, but it can be assumed that this quantity has ensured the stability of the seed parameters.
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Vliv selenu na růst heterotrofní formy řasy Chlorella
Novák, Martin
This diploma thesis (Heterotrophic incorporation of selenium in Chlorella sp.) focuses on characterisation of the genus Chlorella and large-scale use of algae for biofuel and starch production. Besides that, the thesis contains an up-to-date summary of forms of autotrophic algae cultivation ranging from large-volume tanks covering the area of dozens of hectares down to laboratory cultivation in photobioreactors and heterotrophic cultivation of algae in fermenters. Experimental part of the thesis focuses on cultivation and observation of the heterotrophic growth of algae Chlorella vulgaris in relation to the concentration of added selenium which was performed on glucose substrate with varying concentrations and forms of selenium. Selenium was applied in a form of sodium selenite Na2SeO3 and sodium selenate Na2SeO4. Numerous experimental repetitions suggest a significantly important effect of the form of the added selenium on growth rate and vitality of Chlorella sp. While the algae did not thrive on sodium selenite medium, they prospered on sodium selenate and exhibited faster growth compared to that on the media without additional selenium.
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Význam selénu vo výžive kôz
Bieleschová, Ela
The theoretical part of the master's thesis contains knowledge about nutrition of goat, anatomy of the digestive tract, free radicals, selenium and ingredients of goat's milk based on available literature resources. The objective of the practical part was to experimentally determine the impact of the the addition of selenium to feeding ration for organic raised goats on qualitative and quantitative parameters of goat's milk and selenium content in goat's milk. The experiment was held on an organic farm in Prostejov area in June and July 2016, it lasted 30 days. Goat breeds raised on the farm were White Shorthaired and Anglo-Nubian. There were 12 goats studied in the experiment, divided into a treatment group (n = 6) and a control group (n = 6). Milk samples from each goat were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment The samples were analyzed in a laboratory for analysis of milk in Brno - Turany, selenium was analyzed at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry MENDELU. The results were evaluated and compared. The results of the experiment shows that the addition of selenium had an impact on its concentration in goat's milk but it had no effect on milk components (fat, protein, lactose, urea, somatic cell count) and milk yield.
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Zvyšování nutriční hodnoty píce mezirodových hybridů Festulolium uplatněním mimokořenové aplikace selenu
Tobolíková, Hanka
This thesis “Increasing the nutritional value of intergeneric hybrids of Festulolium for fodder by non-root application of selenium” describes a one-year study on the reactions of four varieties of Festulolium to biofortification with selenium in a small plot. All variants of the fodder were fertilized at a standard nitrogen (N) dose of 60 kg.ha-1, and selenium was applied foliarly as Na2SeO3 in at an offshoots phase at 16 g.ha-1 and 32 g.ha-1. Non-root applications of selenium, especially at a lower doses of 16 g ha-1 is statistically proven to be an appropriate measure to increase yield and increase selenium content and nutritional values (dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fibre, WSC and NEL) in fodder of both loloid and festucoid types of Festulolium. The most effective influence on clayey hybrids (Festulolium braunii) was exerted through spraying selenium onto the leaves at a dose of 16 g.ha-1, while a dose of 32 g.ha-1 exerted a greater effect on fescue (Festulolium krasanii). Biofortification of the observed fodder plant species by selenium was proven to be a valid means of enriching fodder with a consequent positive effect in the food chain.
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Stanovení selenu v mořských rybách
Zlámalová, Lucie
This master thesis is dedicated to the determination of concentration of selenium and mercury in seafood. The theoretical part is devoted to the selenium characteristics, toxicity and occurrence of the biochemical functions of selenium and the relation of selenium and mercury in fish. The practical part deals with the determination of selenium and mercury in fourteen species of fish that have been purchased fresh or vacuumed in chains store in the Czech Republic. Analysis of the selenium content was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. Determination of the total mercury content was performed with using atomic absorption spektrometer AMA 254. Results of total mercury contents were compared with legislative limits as per Commission Regulation (EC) No. 629/2008. Selenium Health Benefit Values Se-HBV were calculated.
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Toxické a rizikové prvky v potravinách
Bajerová, Lucie
The bachelor thesis deals with selected toxic and dangerous elements in food. At present, health harmlessness of food and its quality are the subject of frequent discussions. The content of toxic elements is one of the indicators of food safety. The thesis focuses on the most important toxic elements - lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic. These elements may cause serious health problems, depending on the amount of consumed food and the frequency of consumption. Another dangerous elements are described in the thesis as well - selenium and aluminum. The thesis focuses on the entry of these toxic and dangerous elements into the food chain and their occurrence in foods. It also informs about toxic effects on the human organism, and the possibilities of reducing the content of these elements in foods are described as well.
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Možnosti využití nanočástic na bázi selenu v ochraně rostlin vůči bakteriálním patogenům
Wohlmuth, Jan
The work is focused on the observation of the effect of selenium nanoparticles [Se] on seedlings of head cabbage, whose seeds were inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Pammel) Dowson. The paper summarizes protocols of nanoparticle synthesis using various methods. A special part was devoted to methods of synthesis of selenium [Se] nanoparticles. Methods of conventional synthesis and methods of biological synthesis have been described. When using a preparation containing nanoparticles, the effect on bacteria inoculated on seed was clearly seen. Increasing concentration of the product visibly appeared to be stronger. The use of SelenBact appears to be very promising when applied to seed contaminated with bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Pammel) Dowson.
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UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds of selenium and tellurium
Nováková, Eliška
The presented thesis deals with UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds of Se and Te from various species. The aim of the project was to expand the current state of knowledge by the application of photocatalytic reduction of higher oxidation states of Se and Te for the speciation analysis based on UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds. The first step of the study was the assembly of the apparatus for the photocatalysed UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds. The material of reactor and the whole experimental set-up were based on literature survey and previous research done in our research group. Experiments were directed towards finding the optimum conditions for generation of volatile compounds of selected model elements Se and Te. Se was studied as the element most commonly determined by the UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds. Conversely, Te was selected as a model analyte representing elements forming less stable volatile compounds. The second part was the application of the optimised method of photocatalysed UV- photochemical generation of volatile Se compound to the determination of Se in water matrices, liquid certified reference materials and also samples of dietary supplements. TiO2/UV-photochemical generation was also successfully modified to...
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