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Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Escherichia coli
HUBKOVÁ, Petra
Escherichia coli is one of the most important representatives of intestinal microflora. It contributes to the proper course of digestive processes in the gut, creating a beneficial cooperation between microorganism and macroorganism. But some strains may be pathogenic. The scope of my thesis is to get deeply acquainted with the E. coli bacteria, beginning with characteristics, pathogenicity and pathogenesis, laboratory diagnostics and ending with the clinical picture of the disease and therapy. From an epidemiological perspective, pathogenic E. coli appears rather sporadically, but in developing countries can grow up into endemics, especially because of the lack of hygiene. Described are reservoirs, transmission routes and the most famous cases of E. coli occurrence. In the practical part, I focus on the incidence of E. coli in preterm infants, newborns and children up to 3 years old, which are examined with a diarrheal disease diagnosis. During the period from January 2015 to December 2015, 1518 stools from children aged 0 3 years were examined, whereas 25 stools were positive for dyspeptic strains of E. coli, which is the originator of diarrhea. Different non-pathological and pathological flora was proven in 725 stools and non-dyspeptic strain of E. coli was ascertained in 768 stools, which is not the originator of diarrhea. All 1518 stools were examined using classical methods of identification, such as cultivation and biochemical tests (ENTEROtest, a wide range of sugars). To determine the specific serotype (O antigen) of E. coli, serotyping (antigenic analysis of strain) was performed on examined bacterial strain using slide agglutination method. On the basis of proven E. coli serotype, results were statistically analyzed and evaluated in order to determine the strain of E. coli.
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Detection agents of diarrhea in children
ŠTĚPANČÍKOVÁ, Jolana
Summary The detection of diarrhoea origin in children belongs nowadays to a standard examination. The generators cause gastroenteritis. Mainly infants, but also young children suffer from intestine diseases. This disorder causes feverish conditions, vomiting, watery diarrhoea, sickness and inappetence. The aim of the thesis is to prove bacteriological and viral pathogens on the basis of cultivation. There is an outline of the most commonly occurring pathogens in the theoretical part. Bacterial diarrhoea in children is caused by Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Yersiniae and Enterobacteria, whereas viral diarrhoea is caused mostly by the following viruses: Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus and Calcivirus. The practical part was performed in the period of October, November, and December 2010 and in January and February 2011 in the Laboma Laboratory, Ltd., now Sylab, Ltd. The thesis aims at children patients till the age of 6. This age was suggested by prof. MUDr. Miloš Velemínský, CSc., dr.h.c., head of the thesis. Child´s swab rectal is used for bacteriological examination, after the transport to the laboratory it is inoculated on a selectively identifying medium and after a 24-hour cultivation, bacteria or virus identification follows. Consequently, enteric bacteria isolation is carried out, through which a pure cultivation is obtained. In order to specify exactly Escherichiae coli, perhaps even its stems, it is necessary to perform serotype to obtain the indicated type and to find out whether it applies to a pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria. However, for a virological examination a child´s stool sample is needed. Rotavirus and Adenovirus are detected through the VIKIA r Rota ? Adeno test. This is a qualitative test based on the association of monoclonal antidotes. The test uses the immunological reaction on the testing stripe with help of migration. After 100 randomly chosen samples from children ? patients were processed, it was proven that acute gastroenteritis is mainly of viral origin.
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