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Dynamika růstu buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) ve smíšeném lese a monokultuře ve Východních Karpatech
Vyčítalová, Hana
The study observes the difference in the growth dynamics of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in monocultures and in stands with admixture of conifers like Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and/or Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Eastern Carpathians. Point dendrometers and soil humidity sensors were used for measurement of tree growth and water availability that took place near the Râșca in the Suceava region. Out of the growing season, hemispherical ("fish-eye") images were also taken to evaluate canopy openness. Mixed models were used for the statistical evaluation of the data. Negative effect of increasing the percentage of conifers in the stand on growth and the maximum growth rate of beech was found insignifficant, which give an evidence of beeches strong competitive ability in habitats with favorable conditions. However, a negative effect of a higher admixture percentage of conifers on the availability of water in the soil was signifficant, probably due to higher interception, which indicates possible problems when growing beech with a high admixture of conifers in drought-prone locations. The growth rate was highest at the turn of June and July, which refers to the dependence of beech growth dynamics on the solar cycle and indicates that drought could have the strongest negative impact on growth in the period around the summer solstice. On the basis of the obtained results, beech silviculture could be recommended with only a small admixture of conifers, and the admixture of other deciduous trees should be preferred in order to reduce the interception of the stand
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Relationship between egg size and incubation time in geckos
Mrskočová, Jana ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Previous studies of the relationship between egg size and the embryonic development time showed a positive correlation between the two variables at interspecies level, thus offering the idea that the evolution of the latter could be a limiting factor for enlarging the size of eggs during evolution. Some research into interspecies and intraspecific level of reptiles doesn't confirm this correlation. At the same time, the relationship between the development time and egg size is influenced by many factors, such as shifts in ontogenetic stages of the embryo at the time of ablation of eggs, due to temperature and humidity, the presence of embryonic diapause during embryogenesis or synchronization of hatching time, of which the authors of previous studies took no account or filtered out inaccurately. I think that most of these factors can be well controlled in intraspecific studies, but, variation in egg size within species also tends to be small, which prevents a reliable test for correlation. The solution can be to compareclosely related species with high variability in the size of the eggs, in our case the geckos of the genus Paroedura and family Eublepharidae. I eliminated temperature effects by comparing the time of incubation in two equal constant temperatures. The results show that, in this narrower...
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Srovnání rychlosti počátečního růstu a zápoje trávníkových druhů trav při rozdílném výsevním množství
Vaštík, Lukáš
This diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the emergence rate, the canopy cover of grasses, the depth of the rooting and the weeds cover of four turf grasses at the full and half sowing rate. There were four turf grasses sowed in the experiment: red fescue, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass and smooth stalked meadow grass, which has not emergence. The first part of this thesis is focused the review of the literature, which describes the early development of grasses, the influence of the sowing rate upon the quality of the turfgrasses and the description of the four turf grasses. The methodology of the trial describes the procedure of establishment of the experiment, the characteristics of the condition of the stand, the calculation of the sowing amount, management care of the experimental area and the dates of the ratings of the experiment. The results of the work are summed up and commentated in the part Results and Discussion. The turf grasses with the best growth rate was perennial ryegrass. The best results were shown in almost all measurements at full and half sowing rate in both autumn and spring period. Red fescue emerged 14 days in autumn, the height increase was slower than at tall fescue. In the spring sowing term of tall fescue emerged in 10 days what was faster than at red fescue (14 days) and tall fescue also had a faster increase in height. The red fescue filled the canopy cover faster, but 93 days after sowing, the canopy cover was the same at both species. The weed cover in the spring sowing was almost the same without significant differences. The Conclusion represents the summary of the results of the diploma thesis with the presentation of the most important results and the recommendations for praxis.
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Hodnocení patogenity Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in vitro na různých živných médiích
Bačová, Aneta
This thesis deals with the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing the serious dieback of ash trees throughout Europe. In the first part, a summary of the state-of-art literature is presented. The main research is based on an in vitro examination of 15 strains of H. fraxineus, with the aim of finding the best medium for its growth. The five different nutrient media (MEA, AMEA, MOS, PDA, ADA) were chosen to cultivate the pathogen and examine its growth rate during six weeks. The medium ADA, composed of agar with of ash dust was designed and firstly used for this pathogen in our study. In addition, the relationship between the growth rate and the colour of mycelia was examined in three groups of strains (dark mycelium strains, light mycelium strains and strains with viruses). The fastest growth was found on the newly created ADA medium, which was obtained from ash twigs sawdust added to the classical agar medium. Dependence of the growth rate on mycelium colour has not been confirmed. This research contributes to the improvement of laboratory techniques designed to study H. fraxineus.
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Relationship between egg size and incubation time in geckos
Mrskočová, Jana ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Frynta, Daniel (referee)
Previous studies of the relationship between egg size and the embryonic development time showed a positive correlation between the two variables at interspecies level, thus offering the idea that the evolution of the latter could be a limiting factor for enlarging the size of eggs during evolution. Some research into interspecies and intraspecific level of reptiles doesn't confirm this correlation. At the same time, the relationship between the development time and egg size is influenced by many factors, such as shifts in ontogenetic stages of the embryo at the time of ablation of eggs, due to temperature and humidity, the presence of embryonic diapause during embryogenesis or synchronization of hatching time, of which the authors of previous studies took no account or filtered out inaccurately. I think that most of these factors can be well controlled in intraspecific studies, but, variation in egg size within species also tends to be small, which prevents a reliable test for correlation. The solution can be to compareclosely related species with high variability in the size of the eggs, in our case the geckos of the genus Paroedura and family Eublepharidae. I eliminated temperature effects by comparing the time of incubation in two equal constant temperatures. The results show that, in this narrower...
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Age and growth of the European grayling Thymallus thymallus (L.) originally from different localities - assessment based on the scale analysis
CHYTRÝ, Martin
The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate and to compare the age and length growth of European grayling in selected watercourse in the South Bohemia (Blanice vodňanská, Volyňka, Teplá Vltava a Otava) and in Austria (the Traun River and the Salzach River), focusing on the watersources of the Teplá Vltava River and the Traun River. Possible rules adjustment of sport fishing can give reasons eventually to be done on the basis of results in order to protect and to strenghten natural populatin of grayling. 53 individuals (fish) were studied in total which were in observed localities fished from 2011 to 2015 using power generator or fishing rods. The determination of age and growth were based on analysis of scales of the biggest individuals. The method of Rosa Lee (1920) was used for back-calculation of length growth. The oldest fish, 8 years old, was found among graylings in the Teplá Vltava River. The oldest fish from studied group of fish in Austrian Traun River where graylings trophy are occured belonged to the age group 5+. Graylings from the Traun River came up to faster growth distinctly which is related to more optimal living conditions (water temperature, the amount of food) in the pariticular watersource. Furthermore graylings from observed watersources in the South Bohemian region already grow up to minimum fishing length (30 cm) at the age of 3 4 years old. They can participate in natural reproduction only once or twice a life. Increase of miminal fishing length is absolutely eligible and it is the reason for increasing number of natural spawning and strenghtening of indigenous population of grayling.
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The optimization of transfer Northern whitefish larvae (Coregonus peled) on complete feed mixture.
PITHARDT, Tomáš
In this work was tested optimal rearing protocol for Northern whitefish larvae in two experiments. Both experiments lasted for 34 days. In the first experiment the effect of feed particle size on the survival and growth were tested in Northern whitefish larvae with initial body weight of 3.01 +- 0.48 mg. Larvae were weaned from live feed 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th day after hatching when co-feeding was took for 3 days before the weaning. In the first experiment were tested particle size of 100 micrometers and 300 micrometers. Groups weaned 20th, 25th and 30th with 100 micrometers feed and groups weaned 25th and 30th with 300 micrometers feed had similar final survival (without significant differences). The best growth (final weight 39 +- 12 mg) had group weaned 30th day after hatching using particle size of 300 micrometers. In the second experiment the effect of length of combined feeding (co-feeding) on the survival and growth were tested in Northern whitefish larvae on a unit weight 3.01 +- 0.48 mg. Co-feeding lasted for 1, 3 or 6 days before the weaning. Larvae were weaned from live feed 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days after hatching. Groups weaned 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th had similar final survival (without significant differences). But the best growth (final weight 37 +- 15 mg) reached group weaned 30th day after hatching with combined feeding for one day. Groups weaned 20th, 25th and 30th had similar final body weight (without significant differences). There was no observed effect of co-feeding duration on survival and growth.
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Influence of developmental rate on behavioral personality forming
SCHMIDTMAJEROVÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis was to empirically examine one of the theories regarding the laws of intraspecific variability in animal behavior, which assumes that differences in behavior are directly related to individual differences in the rate of growth. One of our most common rodents, common vole (Microtus arvalis) was chosen as a model species, mainly because lots of previous studies on this species have demonstrated, among other things, presence of consistent differences in behavior.
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The effect of temperature on feed intake and growth of peled (Coregonus peled) in intensive culture.
VÁLEK, Pavel
The effect of water temperature within the range from 13 to 25 °C was tested on two weight cohorts of fish (age 74 and 230 days post hatch) during two subsequent growing experiments. Significantly better growth rate within the temperature range from 19 to 22 °C was observed in younger fish (initial body weight 0.60 +- 0.04 g). The mean individual weight at the end of the experiment was followed 5.19 +- 1.59 (13°C), 8.16 +- 2.08 (16 °C), 9.78 +- 2.50 (19 °C), 9.06 +- 2.75 (22 °C) and 4.70 +- 2.13 g (25 °C). Significantly lower survival (29.6 +- 6.3 %) was monitored in fish reared at 25 °C. Significantly higher growth heterogeneity (CV 50.1 +- 5.1 %) was observed in fish reared at 25 °C in comparison with the other groups. Significantly better growth rate within the temperature range from 16 to 22 °C was observed during second experiment on older juveniles (initial body weight 13.7 +- 2.9 g). Final mean body weight in appropriate group was observed as followed 25.2 +- 6.8 (13 °C), 30.3 +- 7.1 (16 °C), 29.7 +- 8.0 (19 °C), 30 3 +- 8.8 (22 ° C) and 23.9 +- 5.5 g (25 °C) at the end of the experiment. Fish reared at temperatures 22 and 25 °C showed significantly lower survival rate (70.8 +- 18.8 and 40.8 +- 6.3 % respective) in comparison with the other groups.
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Spatial heterogeneity of diatom silicification and growth in a eutrophic reservoir
VISOCKÁ, Veronika
Silification and growth rates of diatoms were measured at two distinct sites along the longitudinal profile of the canyon-shaped eutrophic Římov Reservoir during April?November 2011, at 1?3 week intervals. Over the study season, the most abundant diatom species were Asterionella formosa and Fragilaria crotonensis, while Aulacoseira italica, Nitzschia acicularis, Synedra acus and Stephanodiscus sp. were less important. Silica deposition measured via PDMPO fluorescence technique was significantly related to growth rates of three diatom species (Fragilaria crotonensis, Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira italica). Growth rates of the two most abundant diatom species were positively correlated with daily light exposure but not with nutrient concentrations.
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