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Anaerobic fungi and herbivores
Pristašová, Paulína ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
Anaerobic fungi Neocallimastigomycotina participate in rumen symbiotic microbiome. This highly specific group of fungi are a part of the basal lineages of the Fungi kingdom, differing from their aerobic counterparts in many aspects, including the possession of hydrogenosomes and the production of cellulosomes. Their entire life cycle occurs in the rumen, comprising of motile zoospores, which after colonizing plant biomass, germinate into vegetative thallus, forming a sporangium. In the rumen ecosystem, anaerobic fungi are primary colonizers of ingested plant biomass, where with the help of extracelullar multienzyme complexes- cellulosomes- degrade recalcitrant plant cell wall. The ability to form cellulosomes, until now observed in prokaryots only, was acquired by horizontal gene transfer from rumen symbiotic bacteria. Their long coevolution also led to many syntrophic interactions with methanogens, which utilise H2 produced by fungal hydrogenosomes. Their potential use in biotechnology includes biogas production and increased digestibility of agricultural feed. Key words: anaerobic fungi, rumen, hydrogenosome, cellulosome
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Diagnosis of infections caused by members of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea
Pokrupová, Zuzana ; Pankrác, Jan (advisor) ; Račka, Karol (referee)
Trematodes of the superfamily Paramphistomoidea are significant pathogens of various species of vertebrates including livestock. They also cause significant economic losses. Adults are located in the forestomaches, eventually in the bile ducts or in the large intestine of the host. Severe pathological changes and sometimes even death of the host are caused by juvenile stages during their migration in small intestine. The diagnosis of paramphistomosis is done mainly by coprological methods (McMaster method, mini-FLOTAC, sedimentation methods) which detect the presence of eggs in the faeces of definitive host. However, these methods cannot be used during the prepatent period. Therefore it is important to develop immunological methods that enable detection of the infection in the early phase. It is also important to develope methods for molecular identification of paramphistomes to facilitate epidemiological studies and evaluate the economic importance of individual species of Paramphistomoidea. Presented thesis summarizes current methods and development of new strategies in diagnostics of paramphistomosis and molecular identification of paramphistomes.
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