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Vliv objemného krmiva na mléčnou produkci vysokoužitkových dojnic
HOMOLKOVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis dealt with the relationship between milk yield and roughage in the ration of high yielding dairy cows. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the changes in milk yield and levels of selected milk components in relation to changes in the representation of individual roughages in the ration in the studied enterprise VOD Velký Bor. The theoretical part is devoted to the problem of dairy cow nutrition, where individual elements of the ration are discussed in individual chapters together with factors affecting the overall efficiency of nutrition. The conclusion of the first chapter is devoted to feeding technique and separate ration, where possible methods of feeding dairy cows are discussed. The second chapter was devoted to separate feeds, describing the distribution of individual feeds, processing methods and the methods used to assess the ability of feeds to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals. In the practical part, the results from the selected farm were analysed, including the average milk yield with milk components for each year and the relationship of their values with the changes in the feed ration was evaluated. The components studied included milk fat content, milk protein content and milk lactose. In the period under review, the most frequent reason for variation was the change in the proportion of straw in the ration, which affected milk yields, for example in 2022 when the difference between the average and the lowest milk yield was 1,95 litres/head/day. For the change in the level of ingredients, the reversal of the proportion of stale clover silage and maize in the ration in 2021 was significant. This change was mainly reflected in the protein content, where the level dropped from an average of 3,99 g.kg-1 to 3,47 g.kg-1. The paper also concludes with recommendations for practice on the issue of ration composition leading to milk yield and milk composition reaching parameters for proper monetization in the dairy industry.
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Výživná hodnota vybraných odrůd srhy laločnaté (Dactylis glomerata)
ŠIMÁNKOVÁ, Karolína
In the Czech Republic, the grasslands constitute an important landscape element and at the same time, they are one of the basic components of horses' and ruminants' rations. Therefore, the fodder quality is important in the connection with production functions of grassland forage, especially concerning the dairy cattle. The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor changes in the nutritional value during the vegetation and the evaluation of quality indications for selected species of Cock's-foot: three existing varieties and three varieties of the new breeding. Ash, crude protein, spectra fiber, organic matter digestibility index and relative feed value were evaluated. The changes between different phases of the vegetation were identified by raising proportion of CF, ADF and NDF in all varieties analyzed. During the aging of the cover, this process corresponded to deteriorating organic matter digestibility, decreasing relative feeding value and a decreasing tendency of nitrogen compounds. The value of CF in increasing in average from 22.6% up to 28.5%, NDF is increasing from 53.4% up to 60.5% and ADF from 29.3% up to 36.8 %. The digestibility of the organic value decreased from an average of 73.8% to 63.12%. Relative feed value decreased from an average of 114 to 91. During the vegetation, crude protein content also decreased from an average of 15.3% to 8.8%. From the analysis of results we can deduce that the varieties Vega are the best quality, vv115/10 and vv88/10, being nutritionally well balanced. The variety Zora is the worse quality. In terms of digestibility and relative feed values, the varieties of the new breeding are higher quality. These varieties are better with respect to the digestibility and relative feeding value than already existing varieties of Cock's-foot.
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The evaluation of cattle nutrition level in the agriculture enterprise
ŠANDERA, Filip
This thesis deals with evaluating the level of cattle nutrition with a focus for dairy cows in different stages of lactation. Collective farm Podkleťan Křemže contributed on this thesis providing an opportunity to monitor the quality of roughage, feeding technique and overall ration structure. Evaluation of roughage was done from the fermentation perspective with subsequent result dividing to each class. The ration was monitored from the angle of nutrient composition with assessing of nutrient and energy needs to achieve the recommended values. The nutrition should be composed of high-quality roughage to avoid dairy cows´ potential health problems. Ration should relate to the psysiological needs of dairy cows as closest as possible.
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Following the growth, development, and speeds the aging of selected forage grasses.
ROUBÍČKOVÁ, Markéta
The grasslands are in the Czech Republic a significant element of the landscape and also one of the essential components of diets of ruminants and horses. In connection with the production function of grasslands is an important forage quality, especially in dairy cows with high yielding. To create high quality roughage is essential for the optimal harvest of grass maturity date, which significantly affects the nutrient content, the energy and digestibility. Between 2009 and 2010 was monitored growth, development and the speed of aging in selected varieties of forage grasses. In the breeding station Větrov grasses were sampled, dried and then analyzed in a laboratory at the Department of Crop Production University of South Bohemia in the České Budějovice. Eighteen varieties of grasses collected in seven successive terms in the month of May and June were total analyzed. In all samples were laboratory way determined dry matter, ash, fiber and in selected varieties of grasses digestibility. Dry forage yields increased gradually. In the process of aging occurs between phenological for all the analyzed varieties of grasses, was increasing fiber content, which corresponded to the decreasing digestibility. The highest digestibility reached in the current term in the field of silage ryegrass Lonar and italian rye grass Prolog. The lowest digestibility was observed fescue Proba.
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