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The influence of external factors on the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows
Valíčková, Daniela ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma work was to evaluate the influence of a farm, a lactation order, and a month and a year of calving to the percentage occurrence and number of mastitis with cows. Besides, mainly an effectiveness of precautions, nursing works and farming technologies were evaluated. The evaluation was being performed during the years 2014 - 2015 at two farms situated in Slovakia which were breeding the breed of Slovak piebald cattle. Figures about the mastitis occurrence were acquired from the evidence of veterinary records of mastitis treatment and cows´dry out. Information about the number of somatic cells I have borrowed from Slovak republic breeding information system. For the figures evaluation a statistical program SAS 9.3 (SAS/STAT 9.3, 2011) was used. For the determination of basic parameters the procedures MEANS a UNIVARIATE were used. Observed indicators and basic statistics were evaluated for both arms together. Main parameters were evaluated statistically for both farms altogether.
From the total number of 514 milk cows, was the mastitis occurrence recorded on the average in 29,77%, with the average length of treatment 1,94 days and milk cows´ lactation was on the average 2,81. The number of mastitis occurrence was on the average 0, 51 times, the highest frequency of mastitis occurrence achieved up to 6 times.
Statistically significant influence of mastitis numbers to the percentage mastitis occurrence (P <0, 001) was proved. Percent of mastitis occurrence is provable influenced by a farm (P<0,001), a year and a month of calving (P<0,001) and lactation order (P<0,001). The number of mastitis is considerably influenced by a farm (P<0,001), a month and a year of calving (P<0,001).
Percent of mastitis occurrence reached the highest figures on the 5th and the next lactation (68, 49 %) and the lowest % mastitis occurrence was recorded on the 1st lactation (45, 98 %). The number of mastitis occurrence was the highest on the 5th and the next lactations (1,19x) and the lowest on the 1st lactation (0,81x).
Percent of mastitis occurrence was during the observed period higher at the farm PD Mestečko (66, 06 %) and the lowest at the farm PD Dolná Mariková (48, 96 %). Demonstrability on the boundary of statistic difference´ importance (P < 0, 01) was between % mastitis occurrence and both farms.
The number of mastitis occurrence was higher at the farm PD Mestečko (1,22x) in contrast to the lowest at the farm PD Dolná Mariková (0,82x). Statistically proved difference (P < 0, 01) was between the number of mastitis occurrence and the farms PD Mestečko and PD Dolná Mariková.
Percentage mastitis occurrence was the highest in April (79, 05 %), the lowest occurrence was in November (34, 30%). The number of mastitis occurrence was the highest in March (1,51x), the lowest was recorded in November and December (0,63x).
The highest percentage mastitis occurrence (99, 92 %) was recorded in calving year 2013. The lowest mastitis occurrence was in year 2015 (19, 92 %). The number of mastitis occurrence was the highest in year 2013 (1,92x) and the lowest in year 2015 (0,33x).
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Faktory ovlivňující množství spermií v ejakulátu kanců
ŠTVERÁK, Martin
In the reproduction of pigs we have been seeing for long time seasonal and sudden declines in the production of piglets. But there are no completely known specific influencing factors or the extent of their impact on fertility of sows and boars. There are many studies dealing with the causes of decline of showing the estrus of sows and boars reducing sperm quality, but even in the educational literature or professional breeders discussions is not enough space dedicated to reducing the quantity of semen of boars. The number of sperm cells in the ejaculate plays an important role in fertilization and also has a direct impact on the smooth running of boar AI center and thus their clients. The aim of the study was to evaluate sperm counts of observed boars under the influence of the seasons and compare them with the ideal values. All the data of the number of sperm of observed boars from the years 2006 2010 were divided into groups based on the date when sperm collection was conducted. These groups were then compared statistically among themselves in terms of the average total quantity of sperm cells in the ejaculate, average sperm concentration and average volume of ejaculate. The average total number of sperm cells reached the highest values in winter, the second best results was evaluated in the fall, which was not too far from the spring results that have achieved satisfactory values. The lowest total sperm count was recorded in the summer but even these low values are according to professional literature in the standard. The average sperm concentration peaked again in the winter, but this time with a relatively small margin before spring, which also showed excellent results. Worse values were achieved in the fall and the lowest results from all fell back for the summer. Some sources even stated that the results for the fall and summer are below standard. For ejaculate volume was surprisingly best evaluated fall, but with only a slight difference the second best quality has been reached in winter. Compared to the results of the concentration of sperm cells in the ejaculate volume were recorded relatively low values in the spring, but the worst results were, as expected, again in the summer. The results show that factors related to the ongoing season have undeniable impact on sperm production of breeding boars, these factors have somewhat different effect on semen volume and sperm concentration. By all accounts, the best time to reproduce is the winter and the least favourable time is summer.
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The content of preschool education in the SEP PV
NIEBAUEROVÁ, Lucie
My final work deals with the development of content of the pre school education in the connection of education of pre school children in the Czech lands from the period of J. A. Komenský until today. The theoretical part is aimed to the development of content of pre school education from the period of J. A. Komenský until the current Framework Education Programme for Pre school education. The practical part focuses on the content of School Educational programme for pre school education. Some different activites will be described in this part, e.g: sport and active games, poems, rhymes, songs, stories and fairy-tales, which are divided into nine integrated units. I tried these activities with children during my practise at the university in České Budějovice and also in Sepekov, in a place, where I live.
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Vliv ročního období na kondici dojnic holštýnského plemene skotu
Minaříková, Helena
ABSTRACT This thesis contains solution of issue Effect of season to condition Holstein cattle breed in period from December 2013 to December 2014 in BONAGRO, a. s. in Šlapanice city in herd about 80 dairy cows in the first stage of lactation. Experiments were made periodically on the first week of month, overall twelve times per a year. Whole thesis is based on subjective evaluation of body condition of cows. I statistically demonstrated effect of season to condition of cows. I also showed that season affected feed factions. I subdued these factions to special sieve analysis (Penn State Separator). Furthermore, I found statistically conclusive effect of season to residual amount of washed excrements, which I subdued to primary analysis. Feed and excrement analysis place together with evaluation of body condition. At the same time, I measured temperature inside the stable and compared it with temperature in surroundings of Šlapanice. In the end, I made an analysis of milk in university laboratory, which were compared with results of control of heredity, regularly made on the farm. All results are shown in this thesis and are complemented by graphs, tables, analysis and photos.
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Vliv ročního období na složení a bod mrznutí mléka holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Hájková, Kamila
The aim of the bachelor work was to evaluate the effect of season on major milk components of Holstein cows in the selected dairy farm. We monitored milk fat, pro-tein and freezing point. All avaible data and informations about milk composition, free-zing point of milk as well as history of the Holstein breed and animal recording were summarized in the literature review. Milk for subsequent analysis was collected every three months from spring to winter 2014 during animal recording in the Lesoňovice farm, which deals with raising Holstein cows. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory of applied lactology at the Institute of Animal Breeding of the Mendel University in Brno. Milk yield was determined through animal recording. We calculated average values of observed parameters for each season, and then compared with other periods. The results show that the influence of the season was most apparent in milk fat content and the freezing point of milk but less obvious in protein content.
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Vybrané vlivy působící na tržní produkci mléka dojnicemi českého strakatého plemene skotu
Doleželová, Petra
In my bachelor work I was observing how do the particular representative impacts affect the market production of milk. The representative impacts were: feeding dose, the way of stabling, interlude, the season of the year, the order and the stage of lactation. The observation kept place in the company AGRIS Jedovnice s.r.o., where there is the breed of milk cows of Czech Pied cattle. According to my observation the most noticeable impact on the market production of milk from milk cows has got the feeding dose which is quantified on the basis of individual needs of each milk cow. Together with this impact the way of stabling is closely connected.. The change of binded way of stabling brought important increase of production of milk and together with it the increase of takings for it. Another important impact affecting the takings for milk is the order and the phase of lactation. At this point I was observing the changes between the first and the fifth phase of lactation. I can state, that the highest difference in the takings is between the first and the rest (the second up to the fifth) lactation. In my work the impact of interlude is evaluated, which affects the market production of milk from the insignificant part. At minimum the takings for milk are affected by the season of the year. In this case I have monitored the impact on the parts of milk which affect its price. The comparison of the prices within fifteen years was also interesting. It is unbelievable that in 1998 in this observed company the average buying price for milk was higher than in 2013.
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Influence of the Season on Fertility and Milk Yield of Cows
KREJČOVÁ, Eva
The condition of constantly increasing demands for milk production is high level of reproduction and creating an optimal stable environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of selected bioklimatological indicators on performance and fertility of cows in relation to the seasons. Monitoring was conducted from February 2013 to February 2014 on a farm in Bošilec. Data were obtained from milk yield control, followed by AFI FARM, which records information about each milking of dairy cows and zootechnical evidence about pregnancy rates. The authors agree that the recommended air temperature for dairy cows is 0 ° C - 16 ° C, the relative humidity should be in the range of 50 - 75%. The average of the measured air temperature in the stable during the spring were 16.24 ° C in summer 20.58 ° C to 11.91 ° C in autumn and winter 8.42 ° C. In the stable were measured average values of relative humidity in the spring, 67.85% and 70.91% during the summer, in autumn 77.97% and in winter, 79.98%. Duration of sunshine was 2.43 hr in the spring, 4.92 hr in summer, autumn 2.03 hr and 0.90 hr in winter. The measured values show that the average temperature in the stable correspond with the thermoneutral zone established for dairy cows in loose housing. Furthermore, it was found that the average relative humidity in the autumn and winter period exceeded the upper limit of the recommended optimum. Effect of the season on pregnancy rates of cows was not statistically proven (p> 0.05). From the obtained results it is apparent that the highest average milk yield was reached in the spring. It was recorded a lower average amount of milk fat and protein in the spring and summer.
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Season changes in milk efficiency and fertility of the cows in relation to the temperature and humidity environment conditions
ŤOUPALOVÁ, Michaela
High level of fertility and milk efficiency be ranked among major premise profitability of the company. If are not i extenso independent all necessaries of life dairycows, it is impossible expect favourableness. Human factor have in locking needs dairycows most important and fungible role, above all in the area corresponding sustenance and correct rearing technique and attendance fiduciary animals. On fertility and milk efficiency affect all row of other factors, from which ours imposition was evaluate seasonal establishment temperature influence and relative humidity. Average milk yield in herd Holstein cows attained 6 254 kg milks behind standardized lactation 305 days. Avarage deily vessel descending reduction on standardized lactation do 20,5 litre. Highest values reached average daily milk yild in spring 22,09 litres milk during lactation. Big throughs was recorded in summer, average daily vessel doed mere 16,96 litres milk during lactation. By the help of ANOVA test was ascertained statistically significant difference on significance level P 0,05 among spring and summer, among spring and winter, among summer and autumn and among summer and winter. Effected regression analysis confirmed fall average daily milk yield depending on raising temperatures inside stabling. Maximum cows at average daily efficiency about 20 - 23 litres milk here of achievement reached at 10 - 12 °C. Optimum thermal balk strode low-water mark of 28 x plus upper boundary 247 x. Temperature above 20 °C was overstepped 104 x. Optimum D shell relative humidity crossed ceiling 211 x. Average meantime in heard attained 419 days, SP 127 days and insemination interval 78 days, near over most 50 % cows was level fertility evaluation like bad. According to results ultrasonografik investigation gravided every 3. - 4. cow, which is wanting. In case executant defects was highest percent occurrence recorded near sweeping and ovarian cysts. Influence of season, let us say temperatures on fertility indices plus defect incidence wasn´t evidenced. Bad level fertility had in the framework year continual course.
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The customs and traditions in Czech villages during the year
BRAHOVÁ, Alena
The theoretical part of the essay explains the meaning of traditions, mainly the most used customs and traditions in the Czech Republic. They are sorted according to the seasons, where they belong. Those traditions and customs, arranged in chronological order, can be used as an inspiration for organizing the free time for children. In practical part of the essay the author uses her own experience in organizing the free time for children. Those activities are inspired by traditions. The author talks closer about preserved traditions in the village of Trpísty that is situated in Western Bohemia. She describes four activities with children which she organized: the custom of spring called Morena, painting of waiting room before the carnival celebration in summer time, creating of lanterns in autumn, parade on st. Martin´s day and Three Kings carol in winter. Those activities are adapted for children´s hobbies and their needs.
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