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Current knowledge and challenges associated with embryo transfer in assisted reproduction in humans and selected mammals.
Hrdová, Lucie ; Komrsková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Cozlová, Nina (referee)
The embryo transfer represents the final and pivotal step of in vitro fertilization, which leads to a successful implantation of the embryo into the uterus and subsequent birth of a healthy offspring if executed correctly. This bachelor thesis focuses on the technique of transfer using a catheter and the potential complications associated with it, including the optimal timing for the procedure. Furthermore, differences in forms of embryo transfer are discussed, assessing advantages and risks, comparing single and multiple, as well as fresh and frozen embryo transfer. The thesis introduces the related topic of cryopreservation and the possibilities in terms of preserving embryos for future use. This thesis also covers hormonal stimulation and uterine response, addressing specifically the role of gonadotropins, steroid hormones, prostaglandins, and the potential positive influence of human growth hormone on optimizing successful outcomes in assisted reproduction. Additionally, possible complications associated with embryo transfer in the early stages of pregnancy, as well as complications that may arise before the actual embryo implantation occurs are covered. Lastly, the issues related to embryo transfer in the context of controlled breeding of selected domesticated animals and endangered mammalian...
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Analýza příčin vyřazování a vlivů na dlouhověkost dojnic ve vybraném chovu holštýnského skotu
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Marie
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the causes of culling of Holstein dairy cows from a particular farm. The main aim of the thesis is to analyse the individual causes of culling and their frequency in the breed. The monitoring took place at the DZV Nova a.s. company in the VKK Petrovice stable of the Agrofert holding, between 2020 and 2022. According to the culling code list, in which the individual causes of discarding are listed, the frequency of these individual causes was analysed. The most common reasons for culling dairy cows in the VKK Petrovice stable include culling due to mammary gland diseases, fertility disorders, and recently dairy cows have also been discarded in large numbers due to unsuitability for a robotic milking parlour. The measures consist of mastitis prevention management, monitoring the health of dairy cows, balancing the feed ration in critical periods of the reproductive cycle and lactation phases, and a breeding program.
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Reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti dojnic holštýnského skotu v chovech s rozdílným typem dojení
JEŠETOVÁ, Kateřina
This study focuses on the reproductive and productive traits on two dairy farms of Holstein cattle with different types of milking. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the productive and reproductive parameters of Holstein cattle in herringbone and robotic milking parlours for the year 2023. On the farm A, there is milking caried out in a herringbone parlour twice a day. Cows are milked by machine in the groups (2×10). On the farm B, milking is carried out by using automatic milking robots twice a day. It is obvious from the milk yield results that the farm B achieved a higher average milk yield by almost 4 liters per cow (3,86 l) compared to the farm A. Cows from both farms achieved higher milk yields with increasing order of lactation. On the other hand, higher milk component content (fat and protein content) was achieved within farm A. There was not a significant difference in the average protein content in the milk between the farms (0,08 %). However, the average milk fat content was higher in the farm A by 0,41 % compared to the farm B. The average somatic cell count was twice as high in the farm with robotic milking (342 000 SB/ml) compared to the farm A (170 000 SB/ml). The largest differences between these farms with herringbone and robotic milking enterprises were in milk yield, milk fat content, somatic cell count, lactation days and percentage of stillborn calves. Other indicators, such as service period, age at first calving, dry period length, intercalving interval and insemination index were similar or almost identical in both farms.
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Reprodukční užitkovost v chovu prasnic
AIDELOMON, Emmanuel Onosimuan
The objective of this study was to analyse the level of reproductive efficiency of sows. Data of 1013 records of sows between 2019 to 2022 from a commercial herd were collected and analysed (Large White and cross between Large White and Landrace sows). Sows ranged from parity 1 to 7 with the number of parity grouped into 1-2 (1); 3-5 (2); 6-7 (3). Sows were raised in well-ventilated pens and were vaccinated according to the veterinarian's recommendations and sows were well-fed to meet their nutritional requirement. Water was available ad libitum via the drinking nipple system. All-born piglets and live-born piglets were analysed by monitoring the influence of parity, season at first conception, genotype, age at first farrowing, gestation length, farrowing interval, weaning-to-conception interval, year of conception and boar. Data were analysed using Statistika.12, TIBCO software package. Significant influence (P < 0.05) was observed between parity group 1 (parity 1-2) and parity group 2 (parity 3-5) for all-born piglets and live-born piglets with the highest value at parity group 2 (parity 3-5) and decreasing thereafter. Prolificacy (all-born piglets and live-born piglets) appeared highest in animals during the summer months and the lowest in autumn (statistically unconfirmed differences). Crossing sows between Large White and Landrace produced the highest number of all-born piglets, and sow Large White produced the highest number of live-born piglets. Crossing sows between Landrace and Large White produced a statistically lower number of piglets. Prolificacy at 361-381 days (age of first farrowing) was significantly different from < 361 days. There was reduction in number of all-born piglets and live-born piglets for above > 381 days when compared to 361-381 but it was not different statistically. Higher value was recorded for gestation length of 114 days compared to 115 days in all-born piglets and live-born piglets (but no significant influence). The mean of all-born piglets and live-born piglets shows that the larger the litter is, the shorter the gestation length becomes. Farrowing interval for 146 days had a high mean value for both all-born piglets and live-born piglets compared to 147 days but no significant influence. Weaning to conception interval for 4 days is significantly different from 5 days in all-live born piglets. The highest average for all-born piglets and live-born piglets was recorded in 2022 and the lowest was recorded in 2019. Result for 2022 was significantly different from 2019 and 2020 results. In conclusion, this study showed that sow parity, genotype, age at first farrowing, weaning to conception interval and boar can be used as indicators of reproductive performance. Furthermore, this study has provided the basis for future development of a benchmarking tool to monitor and improve productivity in sow herds.
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Porovnání vybraných reprodukčních ukazatelů u vídeňských králíků
BRADÁČOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis is focused on the evaluation and comparison of selected reproductive parameters in individual breeds of Vienna rabbits. The introduction of the research part is devoted to the origin and domestication of rabbits. The following chapters deal with the anatomy and morphology of the reproductive systems of males and females as well as reproduction itself. Part of the thesis also discusses the genetics of rabbits, and a separate chapter is devoted to the Vienna rabbit. The practical part inc ludes the methodology of the work, which introduces the individual breeds, as well as the comparison and evaluation of selected reproductive parameters between the diffe rent breeds of Vienna rabbits.
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The use of headstarting in turtle conservation
PRŮCHOVÁ, Daniela
The bachelor thesis entitled The use of headstarting in turtle conservation was designed as a research thesis. The thesis is divided into five parts, which explain the issue of turtle endangerment and how this important and widespread group of nearly extinct and recent reptiles can be protected. The aim of the thesis is to explain the concept of headstarting, to identify the reasons for the threat to turtles and to evaluate whether and to what extent headstarting helps in the conservation of turtles. The first part communicates basic important information about turtles, both the biological classification and the important role of these reptiles in ecosystems. The second part details the reasons why all three groups of turtles - terrestrial, semi-aquatic, marine - are threatened, which is why headstarting has come into use for turtles. The third part of the thesis addresses reproduction in turtles, again for all groups, because of differences in reproduction in each group. The fourth part of the thesis discusses general information about headstarting, what headstarting options exist, and what criticisms there are towards headstarting based on the resources already available. The last important part of this thesis focuses on selected studies and research. The thesis includes research on selected species from each group of turtles to better evaluate and determine which groups headstarting helps, which groups it does not help, or if it affects the survival of a particular species of turtle.
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Design of gramophone
Slívová, Marta ; Chorý, Tomáš (referee) ; Křenek, Ladislav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelors thesis was to design modern and functional gramophone. The product must offer the best possible sound experience and suitable design to be proper accessory in contemporary modern living. One of the most important attribute of the gramophone is supposed to be the sound quality to be competitive with widely used CD and DVD players. Reaching nearly same sound quality could be convincing to forget the argument that analogous sound record is archaic. It could help to show gramophones as fully competitive and worthy devices among the digital ones.
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The role of mitochondrial DNA in reproduction
Svobodová, Mariana ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Jelínková, Ladislava (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in human reproduction, especially describing the differences in mtDNA dynamics in oogenesis, spermatogenesis and early embryo development. The physiological function of mtDNA is complemented by its pathologies and their effect on fertility and the ability of the embryo to implant successfully. Furthermore, mtDNA is discussed as a possible diagnostic marker in the evaluation of the quality of sperm, eggs and embryos. These findings of these studies are especially significant for assisted reproduction, where the goal is to select the highest quality embryo with the greatest implantation potential. The work also briefly mentions the presence of cell free mtDNA in the mother's blood and its connection with the development of preeclampsia. Key words: mtDNA, mitochondria, reproduction, (in)fertility
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Poruchy plodnosti prasnic
Vašicová, Tereza
The bachelor thesis focuses on fertility disorders in sows. The first part describes the reproductive system, i.e. the reproductive organs of the sow; fertility and its parameters, which include internal and external factors affecting fertility, such as nutrition, microclimate, lenght of the inter-period or age of the sow. The sexual cycle of the sow i salso briefly described, covering all stages, namely proestrus, estrus, me-testrus and diestrus. The second part focuses on fertlity disorders, which are divided into congenital, which include developmental disorders or anomalies, acquired, which are most commonly caused by viruses or bacteria, and separately also infertility. For the disorders, the clinical manifestations of the disease, their onset, or prevention, and in some cases, if known, therapy are described.
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