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Evaluation of the stability of osteosynthesis of mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy
Nieblerová, Jiřina ; Mazánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dostálová, Taťjana (referee) ; Bulik, Oliver (referee)
Orthognatic surgery deals with congenital and acquired dentoalveolar or skeletal deformities of the face. An unfavourable downward rotation of a mandible and posterior vertical maxillary excess cause an anterior open bite, which is characterized by excessive anterior facial height in the lower third, a gap between the incisors in maximal occlusion and a large mandibular angle. Osteotomy (mainly Le Fort I osteotomy or bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus - BSSO), ostectomy or distraction osteogenesis are performed to correct the orthognatic deformities. Osteosynthetic materials based on titanium or bioresorbable materials are used in the form of miniplates with monocortical screws, or bicortical screws are utilized to fix the bony fragments. Stability of the new jaws position is the main criterion for success. Relapse causes a loss of occlusion and consequently functional and aesthetic disorders. Relapse consists of skeletal and dental factors. Skeletal relapse is usually divided into early and long-term relapse. BSSO with counter-clockwise (CCW) rotation of the occlusal plane alone was traditionally considered to be the least stable treatment method. Some authors suggest the use of two miniplates on each side of the osteotomy, but we have not found scientific proof of the...
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Needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
LIDOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis focuses on the needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The principal types of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. According to some authors, it also includes indeterminate colitis, in which the specific disease cannot be clearly identified. These two diseases are among chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. They differ in the area of the infliction of the digestive tract. Crohn's disease affects any part of the digestive tract, while ulcerative colitis affects the rectum and the large intestine. Both diseases are manifested by the frequent painful emptying of the diurnal stool with the addition of blood during an acute outburst. It is important to diagnose the disease as soon as possible and to initiate early treatment. It is also very important to follow the management of the diet and to regularly visit the doctor. In the theoretical part, we also deal with a hierarchy of needs. It is essential for a nursing team to know the patient's needs. From this knowledge, the whole nursing process may continue to develop. If a patient suffers from some of the needs, it can have a significant impact on the mental, physical and social side of the person. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis we dealt with qualitative research. The research consisted of eight respondents who suffered from one of the inflammatory bowel disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on the basis of a stated goal: To map the needs of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease. The research was conducted in a domestic environment. Results from data collected from patients were categorized and then processed. According to our research, it is quite clear that the most important thing for these patients is to satisfy the need for emptying. This thesis will help students to get new information about the diseases in question and could also serve as a source of information for patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease.
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Problems of meeting the needs of patients with ulcerative colitis
MALKUSOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor thesis is concerned with meeting the needs of patients with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a hemorrhagic-catarrhal inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa, which is located in rectum and expands continually to the proximal part of the intestine or to the intestine as a whole. The inflammation most frequently affects the area of rectum and is generally confined to the colon. Rarely, it may also appear in the terminal part of the small intestine (terminal ileum). Ulcerative colitis interferes with the intestinal mucosa and thereby causes the inflammatory changes to appear on its surface. Currently, the denomination is further specified to proctocolitis idiopathica. Apart from proctocolitis idiopathica, the Crohn's disease is also classified as idiopathic bowel disease. These two illnesses are the most common, nonspecific, chronic and inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. Proctocolitis idiopathica is characterized by very uncomfortable and frequent defecation of diarrheal, blood-admixed stool during the acute phase. The early diagnostic and treatment are crucial concerning ulcerative colitis. The treatment of such disease consists of the usage of medication as established in the gastroenterology clinic, as well as the proper diet keeping. Moreover, the theoretical part deals with the hierarchy of needs and its definition. The knowledge of patient's needs and their fulfillment is of a great importance for a nurse, as it enables her to apply the proper nursing process. She is supposed to be able to recognize the needs of the patient and meet them adequately. Every person has a great variety of needs which need to be fulfilled. When this process fails, it affects the psyche of a human, mainly in areas as attention, thinking, emotions, perception, etc. The practical part is focused on the further processing and evaluation of data. The data were acquired from seven patients treated ambulatory and from six nurses employed in the gastroenterology ward. The research section consists of three objectives: Objective 1: To detect the particularities of proctocolitis-idiopathica patients. Objective 2: To map out the meeting of needs of patients with proctocolitis idiopathica. Objective 3: To determine the most frequent nursing problems concerning the treatment of proctocolitis-idiopathica patients. Based on these objectives, three research questions were established: Question 1: What are the nursing care particularities of ulcerative-colitis patients? Question 2: How the ulcerative-colitis patients meet their needs during their hospitalization? Question 3: What are the most frequent nursing problems whom the nurses come across with when nursing ulcerative-colitis patients? A qualitative method was applied in the research part. The data-collection technique is represented by semi-structured interview and took place both in the outpatient and inpatient sections, either with patients of with nurses. The exceptional cases were two respondents who were examined in a home environment. Based on this thesis, the brochure was created in order to help the patients treated with ulcerative colitis or those, who were just recently diagnosed with such ilness. On the top of that, it is also useful for nurses from various wards, due to the possibility for the ulcerative-colitis patient to be hospitalized in diverse hospital sections.
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with the Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Nosková, Kateřina ; Neuwirthová, Svatava (advisor) ; Vobořilová, Lenka (referee)
Name: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis Summary: Bachelor thesis deals with the topic of multiple sclerosis, when the main aim of this work is to precisely introduce and reveal the run of this disease. The theoretical part consists of the definition of the disease, specifics of etiology, symptoms, run and possible treatments. Single treatment methods are aimed on patient's perception of his/her body or single stimulations with his/her own senses. The inseparable part of the therapy is the mental condition of the patient. The practical part considers case report of patient L. S. involving incoming assessment, description of chosen single therapies, out coming assessment, evaluation of the treatment at the end of the therapy and conclusion. The undividable part of the work is the proposal of long and short-term plan of therapy. Key words: multiple sclerosis, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, relapse, remission, paresis, myelin
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Relapse and relapse prevention of pathological gamblers
Trantina, František ; Kuda, Aleš (advisor) ; Richterová-Těmínová, Martina (referee)
Vysoká škola: Univerzita Karlova .................................................... Fakulta: 1. lékařská fakulta Klinika adiktologie ...................................................................................Školní rok: 2016/2017 ABSTRAKT BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE Jméno: FRANTIŠEK TRANTINA Obor: Adiktologie ...................................................................................Rok imatrikulace: 2013 Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Aleš Kuda Počet stran: 44 Název bakalářské práce v českém jazyce: Relaps a prevence relapsu u patologických hráčů - kasuistická práce. Název bakalářské práce v anglickém jazyce: Relapse and prevention of relapse in pathological players - case study. Abstrakt bakalářské práce: Bakalářská práce si klade za cíl zmapovat problematiku relapsu a prevence relapsu patologických hráčů. V teoretické části jsou uvedeny různé pohledy na tématiku relapsu a prevence relapsu patologických hráčů, vysvětleny příčiny relapsu, specifika nelátkové závislosti patologického hráčství a prevence relapsu. Jsou uvedeny základní charakteristiky tohoto problému. Jsou popsány metody prevence relapsu. V empirická části této práce se věnuji kasuistice. Cílem je dokumentovat na konkrétním případu relapsu patologického hráče příčiny relapsu, jeho průběh, zvládání a význam v procesu úzdravy klienta. The bachelor...
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Analyses of the applied methods of the relapse prevention and interventions used in a selected therapeutic community for addiction treatment.
Kubátová, Michaela ; Reichelová, Lenka (advisor) ; Pavlovská, Amalie (referee)
The aim of this qualitative study was to map the preparation and process of relapse prevention programs in therapeutic community for treating addictions in Czech republic called Magdaléna o.p.s.. The next aim was to describe the specifics of these programs and analyse methods that are mostly applied. For fullfilling these aims, four methods were chosen: analisys of documents, semistructured interwiews with the members of the team of therapists, observation of the researcher in the specific relapse prevention program during her internship and one semistructured interview with client of this therapeutic community. The final number of respondents for this research was four therapists and one client. Three metodic relapse prevention documents were analysed and for setting the final outcomes of this research were also used the outputs from the observation of the researcher from the specific relapse prevention program. Based on this research it was found out, that the specific relapse prevention programs in Magdaléna have been part of the long-term structured schedule of the treatment. This program is on the schedule once per week in duration of one hour and it is managed by one of the therapists. The program have been carried out in group and it is always based on one specific topic. Educational and...
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The Relapse of Alcohol Abuse and Quality of Life After a Ortotopic Liver Transplant
Česneková, Magdalena ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Drastich, Pavel (referee)
Foundations: Alcohol consumption affects negatively the whole organism and the organ that is damaged most often is liver. Liver diseases start developing subsequently. A whole range of diseases, from the lighter forms such as steatosis to a serious, life-shortening illness - the liver cirrhosis, can be caused by alcohol consumption. The degree of alcohol impact on liver depends on its dosage and length of usage. The degree of liver damage does not depend on the kind of the alcoholic drink but rather on its dosage. An important role in development of serious forms of liver diseases is played by other risk factors (mostly genetic) besides volume of consumed alcohol (Schiff et al, 2007). Therapeutic procedures for people with alcoholic liver damages include above all change of lifestyle including abstinence from alcohol consumption, ideally complete abstinence from cigarette smoking, weight reduction if indicated, and nutritional and farmacological therapy. Liver transplant surgery is required in serious cases. The main aim of my thesis is to chart and describe whether the quality of patients' everyday lives improves after liver transplant. In particular, I intend to focus on the physical, mental, and social areas of their lives. Another objective of this paper is to find out whether the patients'...
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Needs of people addicted to drugs to keep succesfull abstinence in aftercare
Eliášová, Barbora ; Havránková, Olga (advisor) ; Večerka, Kazimír (referee)
The topic Needs of people addicted to drugs and alcohol to maintain succesful abstinence in aftercare was chosen. Aftercare is an important part of addiction treatment, but often overlooked and unused. The aim is to clarify the needs of abstinent persons addicted to alcohol and other non-alcohol drugs and their subsequent comparison. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the development of addiction, its diagnosis, description of drugs and treatments options. Chapters dealing with treatment are thoroughly discussed because of the individual usage during the treatment of addiction. Aftecare of addicted people and problems with relapse take place in this part of work. The second part deals with research focused on identifying the needs of addicted people to drugs and alcohol to maintain successful abstinence and their subsequent comparison. Clarifying of these needs can serve as a recommendation to other abstaining people or as a support to services in the system of aftercare to successful abstinence nowadays. KEYWORDS Addiction, addictive substances, drug addiction treatment, abstinence, relapse, aftercare for drug and alcohol rehab
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What is the difference between the first treatment and treatment after relapse in addiction to alcohol
Košťáková, Martina ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Brenza, Jiří (referee)
The theoretical part explain some basic concepts related to drug addiction, motivation for treatment, recurrence and ego defense mechanisms of the patient. Also points to the effectivity of treatment for alcohol addiction in the Czech Republic. The other part consists of three case studies. They are individual statement from clients, on which is possible to observe their subjective perception of differences between treatments in the medical institution. The aim of this work is to determine what are the differences between the first treatment and relapse after treatment? Are there any differences, or is the first and second treatment same for patients? The results of this study could be useful for the general public, students and staff addictology Inpatient. Key words: treatment, addiction, client, alcohol, motivation, relapse
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