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Support of the energy sources construction for households
Stručovský, Aleš ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Bartošík, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of energy sources used for residential construction. It focuses on photovoltaic power plants, wind power plants, hydropower plants and cogeneration units. Budget cost of energy source is limited to the amount of 550 000 CZK. Every source of energy is defined by its feature, operating principle, advantages and disadvantages. Options of selling the produced energy and its price are specified. Furthermore, the particular building licence applications (construction administration approval, generation of power questionnaire, application for connection to the distribution network, application for the contract of energy production support) including all the necessary enclosures have been analysed. Essential aspect for buying the energy source is its power and it is chosen according to the type of source. Energy source of hydropower systems is flow and gradient, in wind power systems it is wind speed, in photovoltaic power systems it is sufficient intensity of sunshine and in cogeneration units its dependance on annual heat consumption. Specific energy source available on our market is chosen for every group and the calculations of annual electricity production, period of repayment and profitability in 20-year running period are performed.
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Barriers of renewable sources expansion in the Czech Republic
Lukášek, Kamil ; Březina, Ladislav (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
Currently, there is no publication that concerns the renewable resources comprehensively in the Czech Republic. This publication defines the renewable resources in general meaning. Whereas the physical and legal definitions of the renewable resources are different, text explains the principle of production of electricity according to the legal definition. When the renewable resources are being constructed, it's important to achieve the optimal operating conditions. To achieve these conditions, it's necessary to locate the renewable resource in the Czech Republic. The operations of renewable resources are partly financed by the country, in order to be more interesting for the investors. Further on, the conditions of connection to electrical distribution system are defined. The impact of renewable resources on electrical distribution system. Finally the conception of renewable electrical energy resource for region of East Bohemia is designed.
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Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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Using Biomass for Cogeneration of Heat and Electricity
Vašíček, Martin ; Macháček, Jan (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
Theoretical part is concerned to disposal of biomass kinds and various forms of applications. The basic characteristic for each kind of biomass and their forms are presented. Characteristics of energy plants and woods are more detailed. In work are described two fundamental kinds of combustion, fluid combustion and grate combustion, which are used in power plants and heating plants. The work describes process of gasification and obtaining wood gas from biomass. Evaluation of (energy plants, wood biomass and the rest from agriculture production – straw) in light of heating power, treatment, handling, ash creation and environment pollution is provided. Work is concerned to redemption price history, volume of produced biomass and perspective to future. Czech Republic legislation gives support to biomass usage by guarantee for electric energy purchasing and same redemption price perspective. Explain term of cogeneration, possibility of cegeneration units application – their kinds with fuel usage aspect (biogas, natural gas, wood gas). Practical part is concerned to design of such kind of unit. Cogeneration unit will be installed in company, which producing wood. For this reason will be used wood biomass to produce wood gas. Size of unit, fuel consumption, and cost saving in comparison to electric energy together with recovery of investment are calculated. In work is drawn out possibility to connect this unit to distribution electrical network, possibility of electric energy distribution and due this to improve backflow. Noticeable are possibilities to get state grant from various grant sources.
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The issue of operative lease
Matušová, Tereza ; Šindelář, Michal (advisor) ; Müllerová, Libuše (referee)
The focus of this bachelor thesis is on operative lease, primarily from the providing company's point of view. The thesis elaborates on its accounting and how the process works. It will also explain important relevant points, such as legal advantages and disadvantages of why you should buy cars on operative lease. The aim of the thesis is to help with understanding the accounting of the two most common types acquisition of the object of the operative lease in everyday life. All theoretical knowledge is applied to practical real-life examples.
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Support of the energy sources construction for households
Stručovský, Aleš ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Bartošík, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of energy sources used for residential construction. It focuses on photovoltaic power plants, wind power plants, hydropower plants and cogeneration units. Budget cost of energy source is limited to the amount of 550 000 CZK. Every source of energy is defined by its feature, operating principle, advantages and disadvantages. Options of selling the produced energy and its price are specified. Furthermore, the particular building licence applications (construction administration approval, generation of power questionnaire, application for connection to the distribution network, application for the contract of energy production support) including all the necessary enclosures have been analysed. Essential aspect for buying the energy source is its power and it is chosen according to the type of source. Energy source of hydropower systems is flow and gradient, in wind power systems it is wind speed, in photovoltaic power systems it is sufficient intensity of sunshine and in cogeneration units its dependance on annual heat consumption. Specific energy source available on our market is chosen for every group and the calculations of annual electricity production, period of repayment and profitability in 20-year running period are performed.
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|
|
Barriers of renewable sources expansion in the Czech Republic
Lukášek, Kamil ; Březina, Ladislav (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
Currently, there is no publication that concerns the renewable resources comprehensively in the Czech Republic. This publication defines the renewable resources in general meaning. Whereas the physical and legal definitions of the renewable resources are different, text explains the principle of production of electricity according to the legal definition. When the renewable resources are being constructed, it's important to achieve the optimal operating conditions. To achieve these conditions, it's necessary to locate the renewable resource in the Czech Republic. The operations of renewable resources are partly financed by the country, in order to be more interesting for the investors. Further on, the conditions of connection to electrical distribution system are defined. The impact of renewable resources on electrical distribution system. Finally the conception of renewable electrical energy resource for region of East Bohemia is designed.
|
|
|
Using Biomass for Cogeneration of Heat and Electricity
Vašíček, Martin ; Macháček, Jan (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
Theoretical part is concerned to disposal of biomass kinds and various forms of applications. The basic characteristic for each kind of biomass and their forms are presented. Characteristics of energy plants and woods are more detailed. In work are described two fundamental kinds of combustion, fluid combustion and grate combustion, which are used in power plants and heating plants. The work describes process of gasification and obtaining wood gas from biomass. Evaluation of (energy plants, wood biomass and the rest from agriculture production – straw) in light of heating power, treatment, handling, ash creation and environment pollution is provided. Work is concerned to redemption price history, volume of produced biomass and perspective to future. Czech Republic legislation gives support to biomass usage by guarantee for electric energy purchasing and same redemption price perspective. Explain term of cogeneration, possibility of cegeneration units application – their kinds with fuel usage aspect (biogas, natural gas, wood gas). Practical part is concerned to design of such kind of unit. Cogeneration unit will be installed in company, which producing wood. For this reason will be used wood biomass to produce wood gas. Size of unit, fuel consumption, and cost saving in comparison to electric energy together with recovery of investment are calculated. In work is drawn out possibility to connect this unit to distribution electrical network, possibility of electric energy distribution and due this to improve backflow. Noticeable are possibilities to get state grant from various grant sources.
|
|
|
Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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