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Assessment of emissions into the atmosphere
Fialová, Lada ; Kulich, Vladimír (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
In my master thesis I focus on evaluation of gas emissions from the Nuclear Power Station (NPS) Dukovany. My goal is to judge a fulfilment of czech legislative demands and Euratom “Commison recommendation on standartised information on radioactive airborne and liquid discharges into the environment form nuclear power reactors in normal operation” by operator of the NPS Dukovany. I give an acount of resources of gas radioaktive waste in the NPS Dukovany, methods of their cleaning and monitoring in air-conditioning systems in the NPS. Moreover, I sumarize czech legislative demands on monitoring of gas emissions from nuclear power stations and valide decisions of State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) for discharges of radionuclids from NPS Dukovany into environment, where autorised limits for gas emissions into atmosphere are set. In the folowing part of the thesis, I describe separate elements bound for monitoring of gas emissions, including technical parameters of individual measuring instruments. Sumary of radioactive emissions to athmosphere during 2007 and sumary of emissions within last 10 years are also included. Finaly, I deal with an analysis on the fulfilment of Euratom Commission demands for monitoring of gas emissions in the NPS Dukovany and I evaluate imperfections to be found during the proces of monitoring of gas emissions from the NPS Dukovany and I make some recommendatios for their correction and improvement of the monitoring. In conclusion, the NPS Dukovany fulfils demands of the czech legislation and decisions of SONS in the field of monitoring of gas emissions into atmosphere. The NPS Dukovany is aware of above mentioned imperfections and focuses on up-dating of measuring instruments in the course of investments, which are under preparation.
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Methods for the determination of radiological impact of the food chains
Tesař, Jakub ; Bartusková,, Miluše (referee) ; Havránková, Barbora (advisor)
The diploma work presents comprehensive overview of methods of determination of radiological impact on food chains. It describes the determination of radionuclides in groceries in common radiation situation and in unusual radiation situation. Practical part of the work presents two model radiation events. These are radiation event in the territory of Czech Republic and radiation event in the territory of other country and its impact on Czech Republic. In the end both model situations are compared.
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Transfer of radioactive environmental load to the population of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in selected localities of the south-western part of the Czech Republic
KOUBA, František
The contamination of the food chain of wild boar by post-Chernobyl radioactive fallout is a continuing problem in the forest ecosystems of certain localities in the Czech Republic. This study/PhD thesis is therefore focused on the evaluation of the results of radioactive contamination by radiocaesium (137Cs) of meat of wild boar caught in the localities of Novohradské Mountains and Šumava National Park in the period from December 2012 to December 2019. The aim of the work was to evaluate the occurrence of radioactive load in wild board, identification of possible seasonal trends in measured values of 137Cs, as well as possible differences in selected localities, and to evaluate the presence of 137Cs in raw materials of animal origin, specifically from wild boar, as a possible source of contamination in the human food chain. During the monitored period from December 2012 to December 2019, 137Cs content was measured in 1607 samples of wild boar, of which 654 samples were from the Novohradské Mountains in the South Bohemian Region and 953 samples from the Šumava - South Bohemian and Plzeň Region. The threshold value of 600 Bq/kg of the total amount of caesium was exceeded in 763 samples out of the total number of 1607, which is 47.5%. The maximum value of 137Cs activity was 22,540 Bq/kg, the median value was 522,4 Bq/kg and the average value was 1368,2 Bq/kg. Statistically significant differences were found between localities Novohradské Mountains and Šumava National Park. Samples from Novohradské Mountains exceeded the threshold 600 Bq/kg in 238 out of a total of 654 samples (36,4 %) of caught wild boar. In samples from the Šumava National Park, samples exceeded the threshold in 525 out of a total of 953 samples (51,1 %). When assessing the seasonal effect of the measured values of 137Cs activity in caught wild boar, statistically significant differences were detected in the winter period (November - April), when 137Cs activity reached higher values. The average value in the winter was 1674,23 Bq/kg, the median value was 741,87 Bq/kg while in the summer period (May-October) the average value was 1022,69 Bq/kg and the median value was 376,51 Bq/kg. Differences in measured values are also visible when taking into account the seasonality. In the period from December to May (each monitored year) there was a noticeable increase in measured values in the localities of Novohradské Mountains, in contrast, in the locality of the Šumava National Park this seasonality is not reflected. In general, higher measured values of 137Cs activity were shown by samples from localities of closed forest ecosystems with no or minimal share of pastures and agricultural land.
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Optimization of conditions for determination of bottom sediment sorption characteristics
Ramešová, Lucie ; Hanslík, Eduard (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Lucie Ramešová Přírodovědecká fakulta Květen 2014 Ústav pro životní prostředí a VÚV T.G.M. v.v.i. OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS ABSTRACT An option of this study was to optimize conditions of distribution coefficients determination in the water-sediment system. The study results will be applied in the task A research on influence of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant accident on the Vltava and Labe water environment contamination to the border profile Labe - Hřensko. After finding optimal conditions for sorption experiments, these will be applied on the experiments using real sediment samples and corresponding surface water extracted from different localities of Vltava River, Labe River respectively. A goal of the whole project is to contribute to creation of a crisis scenario of potential accident of Temelin Nuclear Power Plant and its impact on Vltava and Labe water environments. Above all, the aim is to answer the question which processes would take place in dams and basins during the contamination by fission and activation products, whether and which products would be preferably adsorbed and would consequently settle down and which would supposedly be transported to the lower parts of the watershed. The practical part of the...
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Radionuclide detection in transported materials by a portable spectrometer.
PLAŇANSKÝ, Jiří
The aim of my diploma thesis was to assess possibilities of tracing and, consequently, identifying radionuclides in transported materials detected by detection frames on the protected area border of the nuclear power plant of Temelín, by means of the portable spectrometer Inspector 1000. To achieve this, I designed a series of measurements based on a simulated passage of a motor vehicle fitted with ionizining radiation sources of various activities at the designed points of measurement so that these measurements corresponded as close as possible to the actual passage of vehicles with large-sized loads. Recorded values were analysed and marginal activities for the particular measuring points were fixed. Computation correctness was then verified by another passage of the vehicle through the measuring device. Specified values of the marginal activities at the particular measuring points were, for comparison, consequently measured by the portable spectrometer Inspector 1000. Measurement results proved that the portable spectrometer Inspector 1000 can efficiently detect, identify and locate the sources of ionizing radiation causing the alarm level to be exceeded on a stable measuring device at the fixed measuring points, with a higher sensitivity than a stable measuring device. Conclusions of this diploma thesis will be given to the radiation protection unit of the nuclear power plant of Temelín as a basis for specification or even expansion of the methods of measuring ionizining radiation sources when transporting large-sized loads in the nuclear power plant, and their introduction into the monitoring programme.
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Optimization of conditions for determination of bottom sediment sorption characteristics
Ramešová, Lucie ; Hanslík, Eduard (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Lucie Ramešová Přírodovědecká fakulta Květen 2014 Ústav pro životní prostředí a VÚV T.G.M. v.v.i. OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENT SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS ABSTRACT An option of this study was to optimize conditions of distribution coefficients determination in the water-sediment system. The study results will be applied in the task A research on influence of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant accident on the Vltava and Labe water environment contamination to the border profile Labe - Hřensko. After finding optimal conditions for sorption experiments, these will be applied on the experiments using real sediment samples and corresponding surface water extracted from different localities of Vltava River, Labe River respectively. A goal of the whole project is to contribute to creation of a crisis scenario of potential accident of Temelin Nuclear Power Plant and its impact on Vltava and Labe water environments. Above all, the aim is to answer the question which processes would take place in dams and basins during the contamination by fission and activation products, whether and which products would be preferably adsorbed and would consequently settle down and which would supposedly be transported to the lower parts of the watershed. The practical part of the...
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