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Radiation Exposure of Women of Childbearing Age
SMRKOVSKÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis on Radiotion Exposure od Woman od Childbearing Age deals with the issue of radiotion exposure from a radiological and a radiobiological point of wiew. The practical parts deals with the implementation od radiodiagnostic examinations at individual workplaces in the Czech Republic and the regulation od these examinations by law. The theoretical part describes the use of ultrasound as a non-invasive and especially non-ionizing method of examination fo women od childbearing age. Furthermore the historical development od X-rays is described here. Another theoretical part is an analysis od the issue from both perspectives and also a description of individual laws, regulations and standards dealing with this issue. The practical part is focused on the evalution of the answers of employees of radiodiagnostic workplaces in the Czech Republic. Using the data obtained from the questionnaire processed into clear graphs, the examination of women aged 15-45 at individual radiodiagnostic workplaces in the Czech Republic was evaluated. The question was whether the examinations were performes in the same way at all workplaces. The second practical part answers the question of whether the procedures for the examination of women of childbearing age are regulated by law. The aim of this eork was to determine whether the procedures for the examination of women of childbearing age using ionizing radiation at individual workplaces in the Czech Republic are uniform. The second goal was to find out the regulation od these examination by the valid laws of the Czech Republic. The result of the research in the finding that individual workplaces proceed according to the latest information and almost al participating workplaces perform examinations under the same conditions. The answer to the second research question was negative. The reason is that all available documents dealing with radiation protection of women of childbearing age do not specify the conditions under which a women can be examined using ionizing radiation. Information from professional articles and book was used to write the bachelor's thesis. At the same time, information was obtained from verified Internet sources.
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Czech Nuclear Law
Nosek, Tomáš ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This thesis goes into the czech nuclear law, i.e. the set of legal norms adjusting the terms of use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy in order to ensure the protection of citizens, workers, property and environment against ill-effects of irradiation. The thesis has two main objectives. The first one is to provide a systematic insight into the corresponding existing czech legislation and its structure. To that end, the object and the subject matter of the nuclear law including the legal and real substance of its basic terms are analyzed. Furthermore, the text concerns itself with the international and european enactment, i.e. international treaties effective in the Czech Republic, organizations, in which the Czech Republic participates, Euratom and its secondary law. The role, recent importance and also original intent of organizations and treaties are emphasized. It is followed by the analysis of the existing municipal law of the Czech Republic, which is mainly inherent in the nuclear act and subsequent implementing legislation. The principles of nuclear law, framework of administration and competence of state agencies or other public institutions, character of activities within the use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy and liability for nuclear damage are discussed. The second objective is to...
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Czech nuclear law
Künzel, Karel ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
89 Abstract The topic of the thesis concerns Czech nuclear law. Nuclear law can be defined as a set of special legal norms adjusting the terms of the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage, protection of population and environment against ionizing radiation, radiation accidents solving and treatment of radioactive waste. As such, nuclear law fully adjust the behaviour of all the natural and legal persons who are concerned with activities connected to the nuclear materials, ionizing radiation and natural resources of ionizing radiation. The field of nuclear law is closely connected to the branches of science dealing with the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage; therefore, the factual issues of which at least the fundamental knowledge is necessary for the understanding of nuclear law are given space at the beginning of the thesis. In its provisions, Czech nuclear law adjustment also reflect a number of international treaties and European Union regulations. On account of this, the next part of the thesis deals briefly with the international and European nuclear law adjustment. Important international organizations of the field are mentioned as well. The core of the paper consists in the part concerning the outline and analysis of the present adjustment of Czech nuclear law. The taxonomy of this...
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European and Czech Atomic Law in the Context of Energetic Law and Environmental Law (Rennaissance or Declaine)
Klobouček, Eduard ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Tomoszková, Veronika (referee)
European and Czech Atomic Law in the Context of Energetic Law and Enviornmental Law (Rennaissance or Declaine) Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with recent developments in atomic law in the Czech Republic, the European Union and in international field. In the Czech Republic, the new Act No. 263/2016 Coll., The Atomic Act, which became a public codex of atomic law, is a legislation that encompasses nuclear safety, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, shipments of nuclear materials and other radioactive sources, security of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities, radiation emergency management, radiation monitoring and non- proliferation of nuclear weapons. Atomic Act replaced the old Act No. 18/1997 Coll. in which only civil liability for nuclear damage remained in force. At European Union level, a serious development can be observed lately, when new directives have been adopted to regulate radioactive waste management, nuclear safety and radiation protection. Recently, the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage and the Annex to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material has entered into force internationally. The new Atomic Act attempted to respond to these European and international documents and to implement and transpose their demands into...
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Client´s knowlege about the ionizing radiation on the radiology department
PETRÁŇOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with clients' awareness of ionizing radiation at the radiology department. Its aim was to compare the knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation. The thesis includes two hypotheses, H1: The knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation will be comparable. and H2: The knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation will reach 75%. In order to achieve the goal and to verify the hypotheses, a questionnaire was prepared with the help of which a questionnaire survey was carried out. The results were then evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire contained two unnumbered questions of an informative nature and 16 questions focused on basic knowledge of ionizing radiation. In total, 700 clients from the Radiological Department of the Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital participated in the questionnaire survey. However, all questionnaires filled in incorrectly have been deducted from this number. According to the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, the average success rate of the answered questions was only 25%, which can be considered a very below-average result. The clients of the Radiology Department at Písek Hospital were successful in only 24% of questions and the clients from Strakonice Hospital had a success rate of 26%. The set goals have been achieved and both hypotheses were refuted. The main contribution of this bachelor thesis is the acquired picture of the state of clients' awareness of ionizing radiation at the radiology department. The obtained data can be used to improve awareness not only of clients at the radiology department, but also of the general public.
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Radiation emergencies with radiological impacts in the Czech Republic
VAZAČ, Daniel
Ionizing radiation is currently being used in many fields (radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, accelerators, flaw detectors, industry). In particular, open radionuclide sources are used in nuclear medicine departments, radiotherapy workplaces and, in industrial applications, it is usually closed radionuclide sources or so-called. Radiation generators, the main component of which is the X-ray. Of course, there is a certain risk of developing accident exposure situations. These situations are preceded by a system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness. Most of these measures can be found in the workplace internal emergency Plan document. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information about radioactivity and sources of ionizing radiation. In addition, the radiation protection system, the biological effects of ionizing radiation, the quantities used in radiation protection, the medical application of the IZ and the use of it in the industry are described in the work. The text of the research question is as follows: "which workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation in the Czech Republic have the greatest potential for the occurrence of an accident exposure situation with radiological implications? As a research methodology, the collection of information from professional publications with this theme was chosen. In addition, there were consultations with radiological physics at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and radiotherapy in České Budějovice Hospital, A.S. and with the inspectors of the SÚJB, where the resulting radiological incidents are reported. The work also includes a comparison of the system of radiation protection and emergency preparedness on the different types of workplaces. The practical part describes the types of workplaces that I have compared with each other. In particular, I have focused on the workplace using IZ in industry and medicine, i.e. deftoscopical workplace and Nuclear medicine workplace. The work provides an overview of the potential and occurrence of the radiative emergencies and the circumstances in which they were recorded. The aim of the work was to compare workplaces with sources of ionizing radiation and to sort them according to the possibility of radiation emergencies. A simple analysis found a more likely occurrence of a radiation incident at the workplace of industrial radiography versus a nuclear medicine site.
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Radiation safety in the nuclear medicine department
ANTONÍNOVÁ, Eva
The practice in the department of nuclear medicine requires the involvement of radiation protection with care of patients and occupational safety of radiation workers. Nuclear medicine involves the handling of radioactive substances that may cause external or internal irradiation of workers. The amount of the dose depends on the type of radionuclide, the amount of energy, the work performed by the worker within the department. Patients or staff may be exposed to the external or internal irradiation. The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the current state of radiation protection in the department of nuclear medicine according to the new legislation. The part of the work is the evaluation of monitoring of workers and patients. The research results of the average annual effective dose of total body irradiation at radiation workers ranged from 1.35 to 1.73 mSv, monthly ranged from 0.1? 0.65 mSv. The average annual equivalent dose of Hp (0,07) ranged from 1.15 to 117.68 mSw. The lowest monthly Hp (0.07) was 0.07 mSw and the highest one was 19.92 mSw. At SSK-treated patients the doses applied were 4% lower than diagnostic reference level and the dose at DSSL-treated patients was 22% less than DRU. In conclusion, it was found that the values from personal dosimeters were below the limit and in the case of finger dosimeters in two cases the values were above the examination level. The values of other workers were below the monitoring level during the monitored period. The applied doses of radiopharmaceuticals were less in the observed group of patients than the established diagnostic reference level. On the basis of the presented results it can be stated that radiation protection is in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Znojmo Hospital f.o, secured in accordance with the applicable legislation.
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Radiation protection of pediatric radiodiagnostic
VÁLKOVÁ, Alena
In my thesis I deal with ionizing radiation, its origin, its effects and principles. I also deal with radiation protection and its principles, medical exposure and pediatric radiodiagnostics in terms of imaging methods and specifics of radiation protection in paediatrics. And whether all the methods used to reduce radiation exposure in children undergoing ionizing radiation are used. Part of the work is also devoted to the way of communication in this area and awareness, whether it is paid enough attention or this area is neglected in the Czech Republic.
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Radiation incidents at selected radiologic workplaces - the analysis of repeated images due to wrong irradiation of pacient.
ZÁKOUTSKÁ, Eliška
The thesis derives from the needs of institutions using sources of ionizing radiation to implement a new legislative regarding nuclear law, effective since 1st January 2017. The thesis is focused on radiological events at radiological institutions of chosen healthcare facilities. The theoretical part makes the reader familiar with the term "radiological event", generally elaborates on the field of diagnostic radiography and radiation protection. The practical part of the thesis deals with evaluation of the most occurring causes and the frequency of radiological events, obtained from the records of medical irradiation, even of wrongly carried out exposures in chosen diagnostic radiography institutions and wrongly sorted radiological events to a relevant category. To fulfil all the goals of the master thesis and to apply the results of the work in practice, also the contents of following document were evaluated - "Evaluation of the means of radiation protection", which every holder of permission to work with ionizing radiation has to submit to the SŮJB yearly, till 30th April, with the data from the previous year. This rule is valid since the new nuclear law was adopted. The results of this thesis served the chosen institution to create such report till 30th April 2019, with a broader extent of the analysis and evaluation than last year. The maximal detail of the report about causes and frequency of radiological events and mapping the real situation at the facilities serves also to the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) to create a Recommendation of the SONS regarding the radiological events. Equally, the thesis was beneficial to the observed facilities, to realise the causes and frequency of radiological events in individual years. It is then up to an individual institution and to the employee supervising the radiation protection, to evaluate the consequences of the found causes, for example to point them out within a yearly training of radiation employees, and to consistently see to the compliance of all preventive measures, which proposal and implementation also belongs to the main tasks of the supervisor.
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Analysis of the personal dosimetry results at the chosen workplaces at the Pilsen University Hospital
ŠEFLOVÁ, Daniela
In the diploma thesis with the above name, I have described the subject in general in the introductory part. The diploma thesis describes ionizing radiation, history and present, its types and uses as well as protective aids, which are necessary to use when working with ionizing radiation. I have dealt with the principle of monitoring workers, workplaces and patients, as well as limitations and all the quantities that describe or characterize ionizing radiation. In the next part of my diploma thesis I focused on dosimetry, where I described types of dosimeters. The diploma thesis deals with legislation - laws, decrees and government orders, which give the legal framework of the given issue. In the final part of this thesis I have described the radiodiagnostic activity in the Department of Digital Subtraction Angiography, Gastroenterology and Interventional Cardiology, Pilsen University Hospital, from whose activities I drew background material for this work. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the measured values of doses of ionizing radiation in the medical staff and to analyze the radiation protection provision at the Department of Radiology at FN Pilsen. For comparison, the measured values from the personal dosimeters of the medical staff at the mentioned workplaces at FN Pilsen were used. In the theoretical part I used all available sources, foreign and Czech literature. Resources are provided at the end of this paper. The work is focused on quantitative research, which I used in the practical part with statistics. All obtained values from personal dosimeters were obtained from the records of the University Hospital in Pilsen. The data presented in the diploma thesis are measured doses of healthcare personnel for the last seven years. Doses were measured using OSL dosimeters, which are today the most widely used dosimetry in health care. The main aim of the thesis, given that I work as a radiographer, was the examination of the doses of radiographers, doctors and nurses in the Department of Radiology of the Faculty of Nursing in Pilsen, not in the patients who were examined in these departments. In terms of patients, this is a medical exposure, and in this case there is no limit for irradiation.
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