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Využití růstových stimulátorů v intenzifikaci pěstování sazenic smrku ztepilého v lesní školce LESCUS Cetkovice
Vančura, Petr
Aim of this work is to determine the applicability of growth stimulators in intensive cultivation of spruce seedlings and to assess their effect on the seedlings based on different varieties of applied fertilizers. Hypothetically, every examined variety (excluding the control variety) would respond with increased growth in both aboveground and belowground biomass. Theoretical part of presented thesis is based on knowledge of scientific literature. Practical part describes the methodology of measurement and data processing. On the provided plot we established eight varieties, which were compared to ecach other (Silvamix®R30S2+VERMAKTIV Stimul, Silvamix®R30S2, Silvamix®R30S, Silvamix®R50S2, Silvamix®R30, Agluform®90S, calcareous dolomite, control). Data were collected in course of two years. Observed parameters were namely: aboveground height, yearly increment, thickness of root collar and overall health and vitality. Results are matching the criteria in majority of observed cases, best results were detected in R50s2, SR, SRs2_VrmS varieties, worst resutlts were obtained in VapDol together with K variety. Measured data were analysed with STATISTICA software using the ANOVA variance analysis.
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Kultivace Vitis vinifera v podmínkách in vitro a převod do in vivo podmínek
Bechyňová, Soňa
I examined in vitro behaviour three table varieties of grapes and Vitis rootstock Craciunel 2 during different micropropagation stages and different rhizogenezis media composition in vitro conditions. The experiment held the place in Lednice na Morave in 2018. So far have been achieved best results of 90% rooting success with DKW medium with the addition of growth regulators at this concentration of 0,2 mg.l-1 NAA + 0,2 mg.l-1 IAA + 1 mg.l-1 IBA. Multiplication protocol suitable for use in horticultural practice were optimized for Craciunel 2. Different media factors affect rooting have been determined.
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Moderní pěstitelské technologie třešní
Štochl, Marek
New cherry orchards are planted in denser spacing with less vigorous rootstocks and using new training systems. The aim of the thesis was to compare two training systems (central leader, Spanish bush) with respect to growing (tree height, canopy volume, trunk cross-section area, pruning requirements), yielding (yield per tree, yield per TCSA, fruit weight, and cumulative yield) and physiologic characteristics (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, macro- and microelement leaf content). For this purpose, two cherry orchards were chosen. The first one was planted with commercially produced Burlat and Kordia sweet cherry trees on Gisela 5 and Colt rootstock in spring 2005. The trees were trained in two above mentioned systems and evaluated for four years. The trees of both varieties on rootstock P-TU-1 (similar to Mazzard) trained as central leader were used as a control. The trees were planted in two replications of four trees per each. The second orchard was planted with commercially produced Sweetheart sweet cherry trees on P-TU-1 rootstock and trained also in the two systems. In each variant twenty-one trees were evaluated for three years. In the first orchard, the most characteristics except the micro- and macroelement content were significantly related to rootstock and/or training system. In the most cases, rootstock had stronger effect than training system except the pruning requirements and tree height. The variety had the strongest effect on fruit weight. In the second orchard, the significant differences were found in the most characteristics except yielding characteristics in the first year of evaluation and the pruning requirements in the first two years of evaluation. The use of growth regulator (6-benzyladenin) for production of high quality cherry tree saplings for modern orchards was tested. The trial was realized at two localities. At the first locality two varieties (Hedelfingen´s, Kordia) on two rootstocks (mahaleb, Mazzard) were used for testing while the variety Sweetheart on P-TU-1 was used at the second locality. Two treatments (spraying, spraying with the defoliation of the top part of the tree) and the control treatment (without spraying) were made for two (first locality) or three years (second locality). At the both localities, the significant differences in total growth per tree, angle of shoots, number of annual shoots and sapling height were found even if the differences between localities and the growing years were found. At the first locality, the strongest effect was due to the rootstock used whereas at the second locality, it was the treatment used. From the results of the shoot number, the best treatment seems to be the spraying with the defoliation of the top part of the tree. The presented results can be utilized in high quality production of sweet cherry tree saplings from nurseries and their subsequent planting in the intensive sweet cherry tree orchards.
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Vplyv rastových regulátorov na efektívnosť využitia vody a odolonosť voči stresu such u vybraných odrod pšenici ozimnej
Barányiová, Irena
The main objective of dissertation thesis was to show impact of exogenous application of growth regulators on physiology and the total yield of winter wheat under drought stress. For the purpose of assessing the impact of growth regulators under drought conditions, it was in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 established field experiment at the field experimental station Žabčice. The field experiment monitored the effects of growth regulators on water use effeciency and tolerance to drought stress. We compared the effect of four growth regulators representing a different mode of action, the application time and potential of drought stress reduction. These were the active compound chlormequate (CCC) applied at the beginning of stem elongation, trinexapac-ethyl applied in the middle of stem elongation, etephon applied at the end of stem elongation and finally it was application of fungicide from the group of strobilurins (azoxystrobin) carried out at the heading growth stage. The drought stress was inducted by using experimental rain-out shelters that were installed at the end of stem elongation. Approximatelly 2 and 4 weeks after the beginning of drought stress, physiological measurements. Lower grain yields were recorded in 2014 with the average yields (4 to 6 t.ha-1). The highest grain yields were in 2015 with the average yields (10 to 13 t.ha-1).The positive impact of plant growth regulators was demonstrated mostly in increased yield and spike productivity. A positive effect of plant growth regulators on elimination of negative impact of drought in the parameter Amax was demonstrated after application of azoxystrobin, to a lesser extent after application of CCC and trinexapax. Etephon had the lowest impact on elimination of drought stress. The negative impact of drought stress on chlorophyll content was statistically significantly eliminated in all treatments by growth regulators. In addition, application of growth regulators reduced the impact of drought stress on water use efficiency (WUE). Growth regulators also mitigate a negative impact of drought stress on the primary phase of photosynthesis evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the growth chamber experiment, the effect of growth regulators on the combined effect of drought stress and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was studied. The highest positive effect in dry conditions had application of trinexapac-ethyl and CCC regulators under both low and high VPD.
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Fyziologické aspekty vegetativního množení dřevin řízkováním
Kohoutková, Petra
My work deals with physiological aspects of vegetative multiplication of species through section. On the basis of reading and studying of twenty-one specialised publications and thirteen electronic articles I tried to describe the core of impacts influencing the plants. I was concerned with stress factors, ways of multiplication of plants and using of growth stimulants. In my work I especially focus on the best way of multiplication of plants through section and on function of phytohormones on cuttings. Plants can influence production of stress factors impacting their progression.
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Micropropagation of Satureja Montana L.
Zunová, Tereza ; Fernández Cusimamani, Eloy (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
Winter savory (Satureja montana L.) is a plant occurring in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea region. For its high content of essential oils is widely used in culinary and traditional medicine.
Savory is propagated generative and vegetative. Seeds germinate slowly, and therefore, the vegetative propagation is faster, especially in in vitro conditions may be propagated a large amount of plant material in a short time.
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the growth effect of cytokinins on regeneration and growth plants from nodal segments of S. montana L.
Nodal segments were cultured on six variants of medium supplemented with 0.5; 1 and 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5; 1 and 1.5 mg/l kinetin (KIN). Variant without growth regulators served as a control. Culture conditions were 25/20 °C day/night, light intensity 3000 lx and daily period of 16/8 hours. After 6 weeks of measurements were evaluated parameters such as: number of shoots, plant height, the number of newly created nodes and the number and length of roots.
In respect of the coefficient of micropropagation (i.e. the number of newly created nodes on the plant) was statistically significantly best variant medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l KIN where on average create 8.88 +/- 2.87 nodes. At the height of the plant which was highest in the variant with a concentration 1.5 mg/l KIN (2.27 +/- 1.33) and the number of shoots with highest average value in a concentration 1 mg/l BAP (2.87 +/- 1.19) encore of growth regulators were not statistically proven. High concentrations of BAP and KIN inhibited the induction of roots and from variants transferred to ex vitro conditions were regenerated 46 % plants.
Adding BAP and KIN into the medium has an influence on plant regeneration of Satureja montana L.
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Micropropagation of Lippia dulcis Trev.
Zubíková, Alžběta ; Fernández Cusimamani, Eloy (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
Lippia dulcis Trev. (Verbenacea) is a perennial herb with a creeping stem from Central America. It is known for its healing properties for problems with the respiratory or digestive system, but also its sweet taste, which causes terpene hernandulcin because of which the leaves of Lippia dulcis Trev. are 1,000 times sweeter than sugar. Generatively, the plant reproduces by seeds and vegetatively by cuttings.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of cytokinins kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with the addition of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and regeneration of plants from nodal segments Lippia dulcis Trev. in vitro conditions.
Nodal segments were cultured on 6-variants of MS medium supplemented with growth regulators at concentrations of 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0 mg / l BAP and KIN with combination 0.5 mg / l IAA and one variant of pure MS medium as a control. Nodal explants were cultured for 35 days (the time of subculturing) and measured every 7 days. The following parameters were evaluated: regeneration, number of shoots, length of shoots, number of nodes, number and length of roots.
The measurement results show that a combination of growth regulators auxin-cytokinin have no positive influence on the growth and regeneration Lippia dulcis Trev. in vitro conditions. The best regeneration (100%), growth (on an average length of the shoots 3.05 +- 1.42) and the highest number of newly created points (5.79 +- 2.4) occurred at the explants cultured on a clean MS medium without addition of growth regulators. Among the variant with pure MS and media variants with the addition of growth regulators are statistically significat defferences, but without a favorable influence on the development of nodal explants.
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Studium konverze somatických embryí smrku v rostliny
Psotová, Martina
This work deals with somatic embryogenesis of Picea abies. Part of this work was to compare the viability of plant growth regulator when used before maturation and without them. The main observations of the effects of regulators focused on the final phase of maturation and phase conversion in the plants. The research was conducted in laboratories Mendel University at the Department of Plant Biology. For conditions in the early stages was artificially maintained darknes phase stable air temperature of 23+-2°C together with artificial air circulation. In the following phases photoperiod was controlled, stable air temperature at 23+-2°C with artificial air circulation in the cultivation room. Effect of growth regulators used before maturation was studiedon plants at the final stage of maturation and during conversion to plants. Slower development of roots and aerial parts of plants in the variant with added growth regulators was observed.
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Regulátory rostlinného růstu a jejich možné využití při produkci okrasných dřevin
Hajdová, Pavla
At the experimental plot in the area of Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice was created attempt to determine the effect of growth regulators on the model plant ( Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer ' ) growing in containers. The purpose was according to morphological and physiological parameters to determine whether the application of growth regulators reduce the effect of stress factors affecting the quality of plants . Growth regulators for this experiment were - abscisic acid, 24 - epibrassinolid, kinetin and spermine (each at three different concentrations ) . It was a total of 12 variants and one control. Of the morphological parameters were evaluated: weight fresh biomass, weight of dried biomass, area of leaf, length of shoots, root collar diameter . Of the physiological parameters were evaluated - index the content of chlorophyll in leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence . The obtained data were statistically analyzed and then compared the effect of various phytohormones. The resulting effect in terms of importance for nursery production was the effect of 24 -epibrassinolidu the most measured parameters.
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Transport 2,4 - dichlorfenoxyoctové kyseliny v explantátech okurky seté (Cucumis sativus L.)
Hajdamachová, Iva
For the experiment were used threecentimeters hypocotyl segments cucumbers sown (Cucumis sativus L.), cultured on MS medium and induction medium with added growth regulators. The aim was to demonstrate bazipetal transport 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 - D ) in hypocotyls . Transport 2,4-D was detected by morphological evaluation of all variants of the experiment, by determining the weight of dry matter and distribution of 14C-activity after uptake 14C-2,4-D from the culture medium. 2,4-D induced callus in hypocotyls cultured on induction medium and subcultured in hypocotyls after 3 and 6 days on MS medium . The largest callus formed at the basal part of hypocotyls, which confirmed bazipetal transport 2,4-D. During cultivation hypocotyls were found bazipetal distribution of 14C-activity originating 14C-2,4-D. The hypocotyls cultured on MS medium was successfully formed roots on theirs basal parts, but for variants subcultured on MS medium for 3 days, the resulting larger roots.
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