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Qualitative pollen analysis of honey from bees kept in Czech Republic
VALEŠKOVÁ, Denisa
Pollen analysis is the determination of a pollen grains in a honey sediment. The main goal of the thesis was to qualitatively assess a honey from the bees breed in different parts of the Czech republic and to evaluate, if there are any differences in bee grazing between a bees breed in the city and a bees breed in the countryside. Investigate, if a pollen is associated with the colony diseases and higher susceptibility to the pesticides from the field crop. It was found that the dominant plant taxon were canola and fruit trees. In the urban centers was high concentration of the pollen grains from a woody plants, which bees probably visit in local parks. Rural areas were miscellaneous species with high concentration of the herbaceous plants that are part of the meadows.
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Med jako součást pečiva a kvalita pekařského medu
Hadravová, Kristýna
Bachelor thesis describes the parameters of honey quality and the effects of varying quality. In the first part there is defined honey and its quality parameters. Describes the physical properties and composition of honey which is important for the final quality of the bakery product. They are mentioned here harmful substances resulting in bread du-ring baking. There is also compared to standard Czech honey and bakery honey decree. The second part focuses on the basic methods of evaluating the quality of honey and bakery honey analysis. The practical part deals with the microscopic analysis of bakery honey and processing the results of the analysis. In this part is also mentioned research monitoring the production of the traditional Czech pastry with honey. Four respondents described the manufacturers of the latest trends and practices in the production of past-ry. The conclusion is devoted to the evaluation results of implementing research and comparison with the standard.
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Human impact as reflected in the pollen record, with a focus on the Middle Ages
MAREŠOVÁ, Petra
Pollen analysis is an integral part of past vegetation reconstructions based on fossil sedimentary records. This thesis introduces the topics of past vegetation development in the area of Central Europe affected by a combination of climatic events, natural plant dispersal processes, and human impact. A natural site of the former lake Komořany was investigated to address the early periods covering the Late Glacial and majority of the Holocene (~15.6-3.2 ka BP). Moreover, three distinct medieval village sites covering an altitudinal gradient of the Czech territory served for reconstruction of the increased human impact on landscape and vegetation, especially during the High Medieval Period. A multidisciplinary approach including pollen, plant macrofossil, diatom, and palaeozoological record in combination with archaeological finds was employed to track the origins and formation of the cultural landscape, focusing on the medieval transformation.
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Utilization of Biology Olympiad in schools and implementation of selected tasks into highschool teaching.
Dvořáková, Darina ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with the Biology Olympiad and remaking of selected tasks of region round. The remaked tasks can be used in highschool education. The thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about the Biology Olympiad (BiO), charts the achievements of Czech students in International Biology Olympiad (IBO), includes literary review of selected topics. The practical part encompass four remaked tasks of different topics: Eucaryotic cell as a mosaic, Water in life of animals, Animals' areas and their distribution, History of the flora in Czech Republic. The tasks are processed in the form of worksheets. The worksheets were tested at schools. Knowledge of students was tested by using of created pretests and posttests. The practical part also presents the result of research based on a questionnaire survey focused on the involvement of school in BiO and teachers' opinions on these topics.
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History of vegetational development in the Cheb basin from sedimentary record of the SOOS National Nature Reserve
Suda, Tomáš ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Bešta, Tomáš (referee)
Vegetation development in the Cheb basin ( W Czech Republic) recorded in the sediments of the SOOS ational ature Reserve This thesis focuses on palaeoecological research of quaternary sediments in the Soos National Nature Reserve (Cheb basin, NW Czech Republic). Quaternary history of this locality is poorly known, despite it is a valuable and protected area with high natural qualities. The Soos basin is also known for its unique geological record, which is expected to cover information on landscape dynamics at least during the Holocene. A lake existed in the Soos basin enabling accumulation of diatomite and peat sediments of a broad palaeoecological potential. Records were analysed with method of pollen analysis and were dated using 14C. The results of this study bring information about vegetation development in the area of Cheb basin as well as development of lake ecosystem. It also gives a new insight on lake's origin and its age. The accumulation of peat sediments started in the Preboreal period and was continuous at least until the Atlantic following with a hiatus, therefore further detection of vegetation development is impossible. The beginning of diatomite accumulation, as well as the existence of the lake goes back to the Bølling interstadial, according to radiocarbon dating. However, this...
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Palynological synthesis for the Czech Republic
Abraham, Vojtěch
The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...
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Holocene fire history of forest vegetation in central Europe based on soil and sedimentary charcoal
Bobek, Přemysl ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Feurdean, Angelica (referee) ; Chytrý, Milan (referee)
Fire is a fundamental environmental factor that directly shapes many terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. The present thesis attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the fire dynamics in Central Europe over the course of the last 12,000 years. Based on extensive analyses of charcoal particles deposited in terrestrial and lacustrine sedimentary sequences and carbonized plant tissues deposited in soils, I was able to track past fire dynamics across a range of spatial scales - from the forest stand scale to the landscape scale. First, we described relationships between drivers of recent fire occurrence and proposed linkages to the spatial pattern of Late-Holocene biomass burning. We found factors related to relief characteristics, such as increased thermal flux or terrain roughness, to be important determinants of fire occurrence within the present-day landscape. Contrary to all expectations, anthropogenic drivers seem to have a weak influence at present. Because relief-based factors have been stable throughout the Holocene, it seems probable that habitats of certain types are more predisposed to increased burning. We hypothesized that recurrent fire disturbances may contribute to the long-term maintenance of Pinus sylvestris-dominated forests, which withstood the competitive pressure of broadleaf...
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Attractive planting of species of potentially expanding bee pastures for bees
ŠEBESTA, Tomáš
This diploma thesis entitled "Attractiveness of Planting Species with a Potential to Extend Bee Forage for Bees" discusses pollen and nectar plants planted in the Brník municipality in the Central Bohemian Region. The thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes honeybees, bee plants and their pollen- and nectar production ability as well as bee forage from early spring until late autumn so as to reflect the needs of pollinators as best as possible. The practical part uses pollen analysis to microscopically analyse the representation of pollen grains of plants in the honey produced by local bee colonies. Pollen analyses of honey from own bee colonies are compared with that from bee colonies belonging to neighbouring beekeepers.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the spring and early summer in the "Zbudovska Blata" region
ŠOLÁ, Jitka
Objective of the theses was to determine the botanical origin of bee-collected pollens using pollen analysis. The beehive, from where the pollen came from, is located in Hlavatce, which is 20 km far from České Budějovice. Bee-collected polens was obtained via pollen trap, which was put on the beehive once a week for 24 hours between 17th March to 6th June 2017. Pollens were dried, sorted according to the color shades, and the partial color samples were weighed on the analytical scales. The pollen analysis took place at a microscope magnification of 400x. The characteristics of exine (sculpture) and quantity and type of apertures were observed. The size of the grain, which was measured always in 50 pollen grains, helped to classify the plant species. Using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, the bee's preferences were assessed in individual samples. The work is supplemented with photos of selected pollen grains.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the summer and autumn aspect in the "Zbudovska Blata" region
FIŠROVÁ, Nikola
The work deals with pollen analysis which was focused on botanical origin of pollen loads where the samples were taken in the area of Zbudkovské morasses in the surroundings of village Hlatavce, district of České Budějovice. The goal of this work was to evaluate individual plant species in the food of honey bee and its flight range from the beehive, supposed to be cca 2km. The samples were taken in 2017, summer and autmn period with a facility called pollen traps. The analysis was based on the classification of pollen loads according to individual colors. The structure of the pollen grain was analysed under a microscope (exina and apertures) and indentified according to database. Microscopic formulation was prepared by deluting pollen loads in glycerin and water. The work was supplementid by photos. Totally there were found 24 kinds of pollen grains in the specific period, the greatest part of pollen loads consisted of 38,22% trifolium types.
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