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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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On the Presupposition Projection in Czech
Veselý, Vojtěch ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Bílková, Jana (referee)
On the Presupposition Projection in Czech I understand presupposition as both an implication and a set of requirements which have to be fulfilled by the (passive) context, i.e. a set of realized propositions and logico- semantic relations between them shared by the communicants. The content of presupposition is formed by information which the speaker characterizes as predetermined, i.e. known to the communicants. Presupposition is a semantically narrower notion than implication: every meaning expressed indirectly is implied, but not every implied meaning is presupposed. Contextually bound constituents express a proposition which is included in the active context, i.e. a set of propositions on which the communicants are actively focused. Contextual boundness is a type of presupposition trigger: information included in the active context is a necessary part of the passive context (it doesn't hold true vice versa, of course). Context shared by the communicants can not be incremented by the primary (i.e. directly expressed) proposition of a clause, unless all the presuppositions semantically entailed in the primary proposition are satisfied. Presupposition is satisfied if and only if proposition p which forms a content of the presupposition is part of the (passive) context. In case that the context...
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Teaching web application for secondary school mathematical logic
Moravec, Luboš
Teaching web application for secondary school mathematical logic Luboš Moravec Abstract: The head part of thís work is a website intended especially for secondary school students which teaches mathematical logic. The website is divided into two parts - a teaching text and tests. The teaching text, which is divided into seven chapters, explains the idea of propositions and their negations, basic logic connectives (conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence), a problem of finding truth value of composite propositions and their negations, work with quantifiers, set operations, Venn's diagrams and proof techniques. Except the teaching chapters there are also tests for verifing new knowledge. The questions in tests are randomly selected from a group of similar questions, so a repeated test has new questions. This text contains an user guide, a programmer documentation and a printed version of teaching chapters.
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On the Presupposition Projection in Czech
Veselý, Vojtěch ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Bílková, Jana (referee)
On the Presupposition Projection in Czech I understand presupposition as both an implication and a set of requirements which have to be fulfilled by the (passive) context, i.e. a set of realized propositions and logico- semantic relations between them shared by the communicants. The content of presupposition is formed by information which the speaker characterizes as predetermined, i.e. known to the communicants. Presupposition is a semantically narrower notion than implication: every meaning expressed indirectly is implied, but not every implied meaning is presupposed. Contextually bound constituents express a proposition which is included in the active context, i.e. a set of propositions on which the communicants are actively focused. Contextual boundness is a type of presupposition trigger: information included in the active context is a necessary part of the passive context (it doesn't hold true vice versa, of course). Context shared by the communicants can not be incremented by the primary (i.e. directly expressed) proposition of a clause, unless all the presuppositions semantically entailed in the primary proposition are satisfied. Presupposition is satisfied if and only if proposition p which forms a content of the presupposition is part of the (passive) context. In case that the context...
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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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Teaching web application for secondary school mathematical logic
Moravec, Luboš
Teaching web application for secondary school mathematical logic Luboš Moravec Abstract: The head part of thís work is a website intended especially for secondary school students which teaches mathematical logic. The website is divided into two parts - a teaching text and tests. The teaching text, which is divided into seven chapters, explains the idea of propositions and their negations, basic logic connectives (conjunction, disjunction, implication, equivalence), a problem of finding truth value of composite propositions and their negations, work with quantifiers, set operations, Venn's diagrams and proof techniques. Except the teaching chapters there are also tests for verifing new knowledge. The questions in tests are randomly selected from a group of similar questions, so a repeated test has new questions. This text contains an user guide, a programmer documentation and a printed version of teaching chapters.
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California debt crisis
Surovec, Jan ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Běláčková, Vendula (referee)
The topic of this thesis focuses on debt and budget crisis in California. First two parts introduce specifics of California economy and the process of enacting budget. Third part surveys economic-political development of California since fiscal year 1975-76. Further part provide evidence of changing structure of tax revenues and real growth of expenditures per capita. Fourths part focuses on long-term debt in California and its comparison with other U.S. states and also analysis of cash flow crisis. Final part proposes some measures, which could moderate future crisis.
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