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Fungal Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Vančíková, Sabína ; Kostovčíková, Klára (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for the gastrointestinal tract's chronic inflammatory disorders, evincing growing worldwide prevalence. Commonly, IBD is divided into two major subgroups, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite intensive efforts, IBD etiology and development mechanisms are not fully understood. Gut barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, and overreactive immune response to gut microbiota appear to have a significant impact. While bacteria are the most studied gut inhabitants, research on the role of fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in IBD lags behind. This diploma thesis aimed to study immune responses to gut mycobiota in IBD. Levels of antifungal antibodies against gut residents and biomarkers relevant to gut barrier damage and microbial translocation were measured in the sera of IBD patients and healthy individuals. Sera of individuals diagnosed with UC, CD, and IBD associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-IBD) were used. Since continuous intestinal macrophage activation is a feature of IBD, the effect of selected fungal mycobiota species on the reactivity of peripheral blood-derived macrophages from healthy donors was assessed in vitro. The levels of serum antibodies against mycobiota components were higher in IBD patients than in controls, and the...
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Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Relation to primary scklerosing cholangitis, liver transplantation and carcinogenesis.
Bajer, Lukáš ; Drastich, Pavel (advisor) ; Živný, Jan (referee) ; Procházka, Vlastimil (referee)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of multifactorial illnesses with increasing incidence worldwide. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two most thoroughly defined phenotypes of IBD. IBD associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) - a progressive biliary disease leading to cirrhosis and liver failure - is considered as specific IBD phenotype (also referred to as 'PSC - IBD') due to its clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. The aim of the experimental part of this thesis was to define specific features of PSC - IBD in the key areas of IBD pathogenesis. These are: microbiota composition, gut - barrier failure, genetic predisposition and aberrant cellular and antibody immune response. Furthermore, the other goals were to describe relation of IBD status and activity to liver transplantation (LTx) and carcinogenesis based on thorough analysis of clinical data in patients under surveillance at the liver transplantation unit. Using the next-generation parallel sequencing technology, we discovered specific bacterial and mycobial features of gut microbiota composition in PSC - IBD which significantly differed from UC and healthy controls recruited from Czech general population. Moreover, we identified numerous seral biomarkers distinguishing CD, UC...
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The case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after liver transplantation.
Švejdová, Jana ; Stupková, Michaela (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: The case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after liver transplantation. Author: Jana Švejdová Head of the thesis: Mgr. Michaela Stupková Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the facts about liver transplantation including an example of physiotherapeutic treatment on a specific patient after liver transplantation. The thesis is written from a physiotherapeutical point of view. Methods: The bachelor thesis consists of two parts - theoretical part and special part. The theoretical part contains information about anatomy, physiology and pathology of the liver, including liver diseases, description of the transplantation process and physiotherapeutic techniques used after the surgery. All of this information was obtained from scientific literature. The special part of this thesis describes the case study of a specific patient after undergoing liver transplantation including a description of physiotherapeutic care, examinations and therapeutic units. This part was created during my practice in the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague between 6th and 31st January 2019. Results: The main improvement was in muscle strenght and overal physical condition being noticeable mostly in the gait ability and activities of daily living. Keywords: liver,...
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Quality of life of patients after liver transplantation
Rothbauerová, Tereza ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
Bachelor thesis assesses the quality of life after liver transplantation in patients with diagnoses of hepatitis C and B, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. These diagnoses are the most frequent indication for liver transplantation. This work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is elaborated into chapter containing the anatomy and physiology of the liver, liver transplantation and quality of life. In the empirical part are presented results of the survey applied in patients after liver transplantation, where the aim was to find out how it has changed the lives of patients after liver transplantation. Subjective perception of quality of life was measured using a questionnaire SQUALA. Further in the thesis were used questionnaires to determine the recurrence of alcohol abuse, ECR questionnaire to determine the attachment anxiety and avoidance of patient, and the last patient questionnaire PBI focused on parenting style, patient bond to mother and father. Results of the research are presented in tables and graphs, then completely summarized in the discussion and conclusion of thesis.
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