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Israel's population policy
Benešová, Tereza ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The thesis deals with the population development of Israel in the context of individual population policy measures between 1948-2022. The basic concepts of population policies and theories are anchored in the literature review. Specific measures that have been taken in Israel are also discussed and the issue is placed in a political and historical context. The literature review is followed by an analytical part that examines indicators of fertility, migration and assisted reproduction in the context of Israel's birth and immigration policy. In the conclusion, space is also devoted to the possible future direction of Israel's population policies. In the results of the thesis, the influence of a specific measure on population development is not clear, but the partial connections between Israel's population policy and population development are primarily pointed out. Keywords Israel, population policy, population development, fertility, migration
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Demografický vývoj v Íránu a jeho socioekonomické podmíněnosti
Kudrna, Radek
Kudrna R. Demographic development in Iran and its socio-economic conditions. Brno, 2022. Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies. The bachelor thesis deals with the demographic development of Iran and its socio - economic conditions. The aim of this work is to map the most important socio-economic and cultural conditions of Iran's fertility development from the second half of the 20th century to the present. The work also deals with the future socio-economic outlook and impacts based on established population policies. The theoretical part presents the definition of the demographic transition in the Middle East and the definition of population policies, supplemented by examples of good or bad practice. The practical part is developed using the obtained data and their calculations, evaluation of population policies within time periods and their impacts, as well as deduction of the future socio-economic perspective.
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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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The development of fertility in the context of populationpolicies in the Netherlands during the period from 1963 to 2006
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of fertility in the Netherlands during the last half-century and look at it in the context of Dutch population policies in that period. Fertility is represented by the period total fertility rate and some other selected indicators relate to population policies. The second demographic transition theory provides this work with a theoretical basis. The core of the work consists of statistical data analysis, which purpose is to discover and statistically confirm the relationship between the period total fertility rate and population policy mesures implemented by the Dutch governments. Methods used are time series analysis, factor analysis and elements of regression analysis. It was concluded that the influence of most variables on the period total fertility rate cannot be statistically proven. The only indicator that is at least partly related to the period total fertility rate is ratio of female to male hourly wages. The results of this thesis show that the changes in gender equality presumably influence fertility the most.
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Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China
Papřoková, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China Abstract Vietnam was unified in 1976 after a 20-year war which left the country devastated. Since that time, Vietnam has experienced dynamic population changes. The Government has introduced an interesting population policy with successful programs. From the end of the 80s until the beginning of the 21st century, Vietnam experienced a huge decline in fertility, one of the most significant in the world. Today, total fertility rate fluctuates around replacement level. This thesis analyzes changes in fertility in Vietnam in the context of implementing population policy. Furthermore, it compares fertility decline and population policy influence with the situation in China, where a similar policy has been applied. Keywords: Vietnam, China, population policy, fertility decline, induced abortions
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The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965
Křesťanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe the implemented measures of the population policy in Czechoslovakia between 1950 and 1965 and analyze their effect on fertility and on the other components of the population development in its context. The effectiveness of the population policy in this thesis is evaluated on the basis of identified patterns of development of fertility, abortion, marriages and divorce. Most of the adopted measures were not effective, because they had not been forestalled with any solutions to the problems such as unsatisfactory standards of living, high female employment, a lack of knowledge of the methods of modern contraception, and insufficient development of public services, which were completely affecting the population climate. The greatest impact on women's fertility was the approval of the abortion act, which resulted in decrease of number of births. The second significant intervention of population policy appears between 1963 and 1964 by pledging to prolong maternity leave. The fertility increased, but just for a short time. Overall character of the population policy was ineffective. Keywords: Population Policy, Population Climate, Fertility, The Abortion Act, Czechoslovakia
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Analýza demograficko-ekonomické situace regionu jihovýchodní Asie v kontextu populačních politik
Hrbková, Aneta
The thesis deals with the demographic and economic situation in the region of Southeast Asia with the focus on population policy. There is a relation between population growth and economic development. The region of Southeast Asia is a dynamic demographic where some states have policies that control population growth. There are two types of population policy: antinatalist and pronatalist. Depending on the condition of the population, the state goverment will choose to implement one of these policies. The objective of my thesis is to find out which of these population policies was implemented in selected states in the region of Southeast Asia. In addition I will determine the impact on demographic and economic aspects of the region. I examined only the countries of Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). I constructed composite indicators for my research. Based on the results of the composite indicators, I chose three case studies which are detailed in the thesis.
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Demografická analýza států Sdružení národů jihovýchodní Asie
Machálková, Lucie
The diploma thesis deals with the demographic and economic situation in the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The subject of the thesis is to evaluate the current situation according to demographic dynamics in the period 1990-2018. Demographic change in these countries is affected by previously accepted anti-natal or pro-natal policies. The aim of this thesis is to define conclusions and suggestions for impovement of development cooperation and support of certain countries. In thesis are created time series with selected demographic and economic indicators with prediction for the next 5 years by extrapolation of time series. The thesis uses the convergence method, which can be used to determine whether the countries are approaching or distancing over time. Convergence is calculated to gross domestic product per capita. At the end of the thesis, the main components of selected demographic and economic indicators are analyzed, followed by cluster analysis for 1991 and 2017 and their comparison.
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Evaluation of China's population policy
Jodlová, Adéla ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Evaluation of China's population policy Abstract This thesis discusses China's population policy and its aim is to evaluate various programs and analyze their effectiveness. The methodological part describes the base of data and indicators by which the influence of population policy can be measured. The literary review is followed by an analytical part that deals with the development of fertility in the context of population policies, postponing marriage and changing reproductive plans, which are crucial for future policy development. The effectiveness of these programs in China is assessed by comparing the effectiveness of policies in Vietnam and Japan, as well as using selected indicators. An integral part of the thesis is an analysis of the consequences of policies and an outline of possible future development. Based on the results of the analysis, China's population policy has been effective as it has achieved its goal of reducing fertility. On the other hand, the one-child policy has caused many negative consequences, which the new universal two-child policy introduced in 2016 aims to reduce. Key words: population policy, one-child policy, universal two-child policy, reproduction plans, effectiveness of programs, negative consequences
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