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The determination of fatty acid levels in the tissues of healthy, suddenly deceased persons and polymorbid patients
Novotná, Monika ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Bárta, Pavel (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Monika Novotná Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The determination of fatty acid levels in the tissues of healthy, suddenly deceased persons and polymorbid patients The aim of the thesis was to determine the levels of 14 fatty acids in tissues of suddenly deceased, otherwise healthy individuals and in the group of polymorbid, chronic patients. It was a comparison of fatty acid levels in seven tissues of the human body: subendocardial left ventricular tissue, liver parenchyma tissue, kidney cortex, adrenal tissue, skeletal muscle, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and brain tissue. Each group included 10 deceased patients. The theoretical part incudes fatty acids as the main component of lipids. It deals mainly with the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their relation to pathologies in the human body. Gas chromatography, thanks to which we analyzed the fatty acid spectrum, is also described. The experimental part consists of the basic characteristics of the research groups, the description of the workflow and the results. Statistically processed data are divided into categories by individual fatty acids and other monitored...
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Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes
Kuříková, Barbora ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author of Diploma Thesis: Bc. Barbora Kuříková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes The diploma thesis deals with the determination of fatty acids spectrum in erythrocytes in patients treated with taxanes. The theoretical part describes general features of fatty acids, their synthesis and degradation. Then it is focused on the topic of breast cancer, taxane treatment and negative side effects associated with taxane treatment, especially polyneuropathy. The gas chromatography, which is commonly used in practice, is also described in this part. The experimental part is divided into three parts. The first part describes working process, chromatographic analysis and evaluation of this analysis. In the second part there is comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients without and with polyneroupathy. And in the last part there is a comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients before taxane treatment, closely after treatment and about month after the treatment. Results of the experimental part are evaluated at the end...
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The determination of fatty acid levels in the tissues of healthy, suddenly deceased persons and polymorbid patients
Novotná, Monika ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Bárta, Pavel (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Monika Novotná Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The determination of fatty acid levels in the tissues of healthy, suddenly deceased persons and polymorbid patients The aim of the thesis was to determine the levels of 14 fatty acids in tissues of suddenly deceased, otherwise healthy individuals and in the group of polymorbid, chronic patients. It was a comparison of fatty acid levels in seven tissues of the human body: subendocardial left ventricular tissue, liver parenchyma tissue, kidney cortex, adrenal tissue, skeletal muscle, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and brain tissue. Each group included 10 deceased patients. The theoretical part incudes fatty acids as the main component of lipids. It deals mainly with the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their relation to pathologies in the human body. Gas chromatography, thanks to which we analyzed the fatty acid spectrum, is also described. The experimental part consists of the basic characteristics of the research groups, the description of the workflow and the results. Statistically processed data are divided into categories by individual fatty acids and other monitored...
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The analysis of mechanisms associated with beneficial metabolic effects of marine Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in different lipid forms.
Pavlišová, Jana ; Rossmeisl, Martin (advisor) ; Maletínská, Lenka (referee) ; Cahová, Monika (referee)
Obesity, one of the most serious health problems of the 21st century, often occurs as a result of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Dietary lipids play an important role in the development of obesity, partly because they represent the richest source of energy amongst all macronutrients. It is, however, not only the amount of consumed lipids, but also the composition of fatty acids, which strongly influences health effects of a particular diet. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) are generally considered as unhealthy due to their pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic properties, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represent a healthier alternative, as they are more readily oxidized and do not disrupt biochemical properties of cellular membranes. Amongst PUFA, PUFA of n-3 series (Omega-3) represent an utterly unique class of lipids that have been documented to protect against cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia in men and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance primarily in animal models of obesity. Some molecular mechanisms of Omega-3 action have been already uncovered, such as the modification of biological membranes composition, activation of various transcription factors and membrane receptors, and their role as precursors for...
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Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes
Kuříková, Barbora ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author of Diploma Thesis: Bc. Barbora Kuříková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes The diploma thesis deals with the determination of fatty acids spectrum in erythrocytes in patients treated with taxanes. The theoretical part describes general features of fatty acids, their synthesis and degradation. Then it is focused on the topic of breast cancer, taxane treatment and negative side effects associated with taxane treatment, especially polyneuropathy. The gas chromatography, which is commonly used in practice, is also described in this part. The experimental part is divided into three parts. The first part describes working process, chromatographic analysis and evaluation of this analysis. In the second part there is comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients without and with polyneroupathy. And in the last part there is a comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients before taxane treatment, closely after treatment and about month after the treatment. Results of the experimental part are evaluated at the end...
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Determination of fatty acids in human tissues
Turňová, Ivana ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Ivana Turňová Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of fatty acids in human tissues The fatty acids are non-negligible component of lipids as one of the basic nutrients. This thesis in its theoretical part presents above all the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are important structural units of the cell membranes, they are also the precursors to several significant biologically active substances. In the human organism PUFA participate in many physiological and pathological processes this way, where they cause the large spectrum of actions. Onwards the thesis describes the gas chromatography method that is used in chemical analysis of lipids for the fatty acid determination as the gold standard. Experimentally, the fatty acid representation was determined in the blood, muscle, heart, liver and kidney among 26 cadavers divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of inflammatory process at the time of death. The data obtained were statistically analysed. The results were descriptively evaluated and there were indicated possible explanations of differences...
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Determination of fatty acids in human tissues
Turňová, Ivana ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Ivana Turňová Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of fatty acids in human tissues The fatty acids are non-negligible component of lipids as one of the basic nutrients. This thesis in its theoretical part presents above all the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are important structural units of the cell membranes, they are also the precursors to several significant biologically active substances. In the human organism PUFA participate in many physiological and pathological processes this way, where they cause the large spectrum of actions. Onwards the thesis describes the gas chromatography method that is used in chemical analysis of lipids for the fatty acid determination as the gold standard. Experimentally, the fatty acid representation was determined in the blood, muscle, heart, liver and kidney among 26 cadavers divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of inflammatory process at the time of death. The data obtained were statistically analysed. The results were descriptively evaluated and there were indicated possible explanations of differences...
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition
Hrušovská, Veronika ; Dlouhý, Pavel (advisor) ; Rambousková, Jolana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids used in nutrition. The thesis examines how well students of the Third Faculty of Medicine at the Charles University in Prague are informed about the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and to what extent they consume food rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The theoretical part of the Bachelor thesis focuses on the basic fatty acids theory, the general characteristics of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the recommended intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids from foods. It addresses the effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the prevention and treatment of diseases, their effects on the lipid spectrum, the cardiovascular system, the immune system, the central nervous system and eyesight, diabetology, nutritional pharmacology and the skin. It deals with the significance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake by pregnant and lactating women, children, the elderly and vegans. It specifies the sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nutrition. In the practical part of the Bachelor thesis, the author evaluates an interview survey involving 467 students in all years and from all branches of study at the Third Faculty of Medicine at the Charles University in Prague, who were enrolled in the...
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Diversity, ecology and ecophysiology of snow algae
Mikešová, Lenka ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Kvíderová, Jana (referee)
Permanent and temporary snow cover in polar and mountain areas is a very extreme habitat. However, there are organisms that inhabit this environment. Green algae of the order Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta) belong among the important representatives of cryoseston, which are known from polar and mountain regions around the world. These organisms, which occupied the snow environment probably secondarily, developed different ecophysiological adaptations required for the successful survival in extreme conditions. Low temperatures and high levels of radiation are the main extreme factors that organisms must cope with. The most important survival mechanisms include the adaptation of life cycles (such as of the shifts between resistant stages and moving vegetative stages), accumulation of secondary carotenoids, changes in fatty acid composition of membranes and lowering of growth temperature optima in some species. These adaptations together with the study of diversity represent at present the main subjects of research of snow algae.
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